Mastering the Basics of

Trigonometry
Explore the fundamentals of trigonometry and discover how it relates to geometry and other branches of
math. From trigonometric functions to solving right triangles, this guide has got you covered in understanding
the basics of trigonometry.

KR by Karthik R
Trigonometry Definition
Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationship between the sides and angles of
triangles. It helps us calculate unknown angles and sides of a triangle based on the known values.
Trigonometry is used in a wide range of applications, from architecture and engineering to physics and
astronomy.
Common Trigonometric Functions

1 Sine

Sine is the ratio of the opposite side to

the hypotenuse.
Cosine 2
Cosine is the ratio of the adjacent side to
the hypotenuse. Tangent
3
Tangent is the ratio of the opposite side
to the adjacent side.
Solving Right Triangles
Given two sides or an angle and one side of a right triangle, we can find the missing angles and sides using the
trigonometric functions. This is called solving a triangle. Solving triangles is an essential part of trigonometry,
and it helps us in real-world applications such as surveying and navigation.
Unit Circle and Radians
Unit Circle
The unit circle is a circle with a radius of one unit,
centered at the origin of a coordinate plane. The
unit circle provides us with a visual representation
of trigonometric functions and helps us understand
their properties.
Radians
Radians are a unit of measurement for angles. They
measure the angle of a circle subtended by an arc
that is equal in length to the radius of the circle.
One radian is approximately 57.3 degrees.
Trigonometric Identities

Trigonometric identities are equations that are true for all values of the variables. They help us simplify
expressions, solve equations, and prove other statements in trigonometry. The most common identities
include the Pythagorean identities, reciprocal identities, quotient identities, and even-odd identities.
Applications of Trigonometry
Architecture Trigonometry is used to calculate building
heights, roof slopes, and angles in architectural
designs.

Physics Trigonometry is used in physics to calculate the

motion of waves, orbits, and other systems.

Astronomy Trigonometry is used in astronomy to calculate

the position of stars, planets, and other celestial
bodies.
Examples of Trigonometric Problems
Example 1: Solving a Example 2: Example 3:
Right Triangle Trigonometric Ratios Trigonometric
of Special Angles Identities
Given the length of the
hypotenuse and one side of a Calculate the exact values of Prove the identity: sec^2 x -
right triangle, find the length sine, cosine, and tangent of tan^2 x = 1
of the other side and the 30, 45, and 60 degrees.
angles of the triangle.