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QUARTER I
Week 7 – Day 2

Subject: MATH Grade Level: 10

Date:__________________
Content Standard
Performance Standard
Competency
Day: 2
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts
of sequences, polynomials and polynomial equations.
The learner is able to formulate and solve problems
involving sequences, polynomials and polynomial
equations in different disciplines through appropriate
and accurate representations.
Competency 12: Performs division of polynomials
using long division and synthetic division.
(M10AL – Ig – 1)

I. OBJECTIVES
Knowledge: Illustrates synthetic division and its steps.
Skills: Divides polynomials using synthetic division.
Attitude: Shows accuracy in identifying the quotient in division
of polynomials using synthetic division.
DIVISION OF POLYNOMIALS
II. CONTENT
(Synthetic Division)

III. LEARNING RESOURCES

A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide Teacher’s Guide (TG) in Mathematics 10, pp. 49 – 51
Pages
2. Learner’s Learner’s Module (LM) in Math 10, pp. 59 – 66
Materials Pages
3. Textbook Pages  Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry and Statistics IV.
2009, pp. 304 – 305
 Sample Lesson Plans in Mathematics 4 Based on
PSSLC, pp. 48 – 49
4. Additional Attachment
Materials
5. Learning EASE IV – Module 1: Polynomial Functions
Resources (LR)
portal
B. Other Learning  https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_division
Resources

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IV. PROCEDURES
A. Reviewing or 1. Review the last topic about dividing a polynomial by
presenting the new another polynomial using similar procedure used in
lesson dividing whole numbers.
2. Give a drill.

ACTIVITY: Divide and Write it in Form!

Perform the indicated division and write your
P (x) R (x)
answers in the form = Q(x) + .
D( x) D( x)

a. (x4 – 2x + 5) ÷ (x + 5)
x ⁴ – 2 x +5 3 2
[Answer: =x −5 x +25 x−127
x +5
+ 640
]
x+ 5

b. (3x3 + 4x2 + 8) ÷ (x + 2)
3 x ³+ 4 x ²+8 2 0
[Answer: =3 x −2 x+ 4 + ]
x +2 x +2

[NOTE: The teacher may give this as an activity by

Pair. THINK – PAIR – SHARE]
3. Process the students’ answers.
4. Ask them the following questions.
a. How did you find the activity?
b. What can you say about the procedure?

B. Establishing a 1. Present the question.

purpose for the lesson Is there an easier way to divide polynomials
without following the long procedure?

2. Emphasize this:
Another method of dividing polynomials
which
has a very short and simple procedure is called
synthetic division. Unlike the usual division
which
involves the four fundamental operations, this
method requires only addition and
multiplication
applied to the coefficients. This method is applied
when the divisor is of the form x – r, where r is any
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real number.

C. Presenting examples 1. Discuss Synthetic Division.

of the new lesson
In algebra, synthetic division is a method of
performing Euclidian division of polynomials,
with less writing and fewer calculations than
occur with polynomial long division.
Synthetic division considerably shortens the
process.

2. Discuss the steps/procedures of synthetic division.

(Refer to Attachment – Discussion #1)

D. Discussing new 1. Discuss dividing polynomials using synthetic

concepts and division.
practicing new skills 2. Present an example following the steps.
#1 (Refer to Attachment – Discussion #2)

Example 1: Find the quotients and the remainder using

the steps in synthetic division. Write your
answer in the form P(x) = Q(x)·D(x) + R
where, P(x) is the dividend, Q(x) is the
quotient, D(x) is the divisor, and R is the
remainder.

P(x) = (3x3 + 4x2 + 8) ÷ (x + 2)

Solution:

-2 3 4 0 8

-6 4 -8

3 -2 4 0

∴ Q ( x )=3 x 2−2 x +4
R=0

E. Discussing new 1. Discuss another example of dividing polynomials

concepts and using synthetic division where r is a fraction.
practicing new skills (Refer to Attachment – Discussion #3)
#2 2. Discuss the answer using the steps.

[NOTE: In this part, the teacher will recall addition

of fractions (both similar and dissimilar) and
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multiplication of fractions.]

Example 2: Use synthetic division to find the quotient

of (6x5 – x4 – 32x3 – 20x2 + 5x + 8) ÷ (2x – 3).

Solution:

3
6 -1 -32 -20 5 8
2

9 12 -30 -75 -105

6 8 -20 -50 -70 -97

∴ Q ( x )=3 x 4 + 4 x 3−10 x 2−25 x−35

R = -97

F. Developing Mastery ACTIVITY: Divide!

[NOTE: Group the students into four and let them
perform the next activity.]

Use synthetic division to find the quotient and

remainder in each of the following.

1. (2x4 – 18x2 – 7 – x3) ÷ (x – 3)

[Answer: (Quotient → 2x3 + 5x2 –3x – 9;
Remainder → –34)]

2. (3x 4 – 2x3 + 5x 2 – 4x – 2) ÷ (3x + 1)

[Answer: (Quotient →x3 - x2 + 2x – 2;
Remainder → 0)]

G. Finding practical 1. Solve the real – life situation involving division of

applications of polynomials.
concepts and skills in
daily living The total cost of (3a – 2b) units of cell phone is (6a2
+ 5ab – 6b2) pesos. What expression represents the
cost of one cell phone?
[Answer: (6a2 + 5ab – 6b2) ÷ (3a – 2b) = 2a + 3b pesos]

2. Ask students on another real-life situation where

dividing polynomials is helpful.
[Answers may vary]

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3. Emphasize to them the importance of using synthetic

division or dividing polynomials.

One application of dividing polynomials is in

computer science. It can be useful to manipulate
such functions to make them easier or more
numerically stable in running on computers, and
synthetic division is part of that.
H. Making Guide Questions for Generalization:
Generalizations and  How useful is synthetic division in dividing
abstractions about polynomials?
the lesson  What is synthetic division?
 How to divide polynomials using synthetic division?

[NOTE: Answers are found in the Attachment –

Discussions #1 & #2]

I. Evaluating learning FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

A. Use synthetic division to find the quotient and
remainder in each of the following.
[Note: Refer to LM 10, p. 65, Activity 6: Dividing
Polynomials Using Synthetic Division for numbers
3
– 5]

1. (3x3 + x2 – 22x – 25) ÷ (x – 2)

−41
[Answer:3x2 + 7x – 8 + ]
x−2

2. (x3 + 4x2 – x – 25) ÷ (x + 5)

−45
[Answer: x2 – x + 4 + ¿
x +5

B. Match Column I with the appropriate synthetic

división in Column II. Write the letter of the correct
answer.

[Note: Refer to LM 10, p. 64, Activity 5: Matching a

Polynomial Division Problem with Its Synthetic
Counterpart]

J. Additional ASSIGNMENT: Dividing Polynomials

Activities for
application or Find the quotient and the remainder by using synthetic
remediation division. Show your complete solution.
[Note: Refer to LM 10, p. 65 – 66, Activity 7: Dividing
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Polynomials for items 3 – 5.]

1.(x2 + 3x + 10) ÷ (x + 2)
[ Answer :Q ( x )=x +1; R=8 ]
2. (10x3 + 5x2 + 75x – 40) ÷ (2x + 1)
75 −55
[Answer: Q(x) = 5x2 + ;R= ]
2 2

V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. No. of learners who A. _____ No. of learners who earned 80% in the
earned 80% in the evaluation
evaluation
B. No. of learners who B. _____ No. of learners who require additional
require additional activities for remediation
activities for remediation
C. Did the remedial C. Did the remedial lessons work? ______ No. of
lessons work? No. of learners who have caught up the lesson
learners who have
caught up the lesson
D. No. of learners who D. _____ No. of learners who continue to require
continue to require remediation
remediation
E. Which of my teaching Strategies used that work well:
strategies worked well? ____ Group collaboration
Why did these work? ____ Games
____ Powerpoint Presentation
____ Answering preliminary activities/exercises
____ Discussion
____ Case Method
____ Think – Pair – Share (TPS)
____ Rereading of Paragraphs/Poems/Stories
____ Differentiated Instruction
____ Role Playing/Drama
____ Discovery Method
____ Lecture Method
Why?
____ Complete IMs
____ Availability of Materials
____ Learner’s eagerness to learn
____ Group member’s cooperation in doing their tasks

F. What difficulties did I ____ Bullying among learners

encounter which my ____ Learner’s behavior/attitude
principal and supervisor ____ Colorful IMs
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help me solve? ____ Unavailable Technology Equipment (AVR/LCD)

____ Science/Computer/Internet Lab
____ Additional Clerical works
____ Reading Readiness
G. What innovation or
localized I used/discover
which I wish to share
with other teacher?

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ATTACHMENT
Session: 1 (1 day)

Content: Division of Polynomials (Synthetic Division)

DISCUSSIONS: #1
Another method of dividing polynomials which has a very short
and simple procedure is called synthetic division. Unlike the usual
division which involves the four fundamental operations, this method
requires only addition and multiplication applied to the coefficients. This
method is applied when the divisor is of the form x - r.

Steps to follow in dividing by synthetic division:

1. Arrange the terms of the dividend in descending order of

exponent.

2. Write the numerical coefficient in a row, with 0 representing

any missing term.

3. Write the constant term r of the divisor x - r at the left - hand

side of the of the coefficient.

4. Bring down the leading coefficient of the dividend. Multiply

it by r and add to the second column.

5. Multiply the sum obtained in step 4 by r and add to the

3rd column. Repeat this process until you reach the last
column.

6. The 3rd rows of numbers are numerical coefficient of the

quotient. The degree is one less than that of the dividend.
The right member is the remainder.

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DISCUSSIONS: #2
Example 1:

Use synthetic division to divide P(x) = (3x3 + 4x2 + 8) by (x + 2)

Step 1: Arrange the coefficients of P(x) in descending powers of x,

placing 0s for the missing terms. The leading coefficient of P(x)
becomes the first entry of the third row

3 4 0 8

Step 2: Place the value of r in the upper left corner.

In this example, x – r = x + 2 = x – (–2), so r = –2.

-2 3 4 0 8

Step 3: Bring down the leading coefficient. The leading coefficient is 3.

-2 3 4 0 8

Step 4: Multiply the leading coefficient a and the value of r (-2). Write
down and add the product to the second column.

-2 3 4 0 8
-6

3 -2

The first number in the second row (–6) is the product of r (–2)
and the number in the third row (3) of the preceding column. The
second number in the third row (–2) is the sum of the two
numbers (4 and –6) above it.
Step 5: Repeat the procedure described in Step 3 until the last number in
the third row is obtained.

-2 3 4 0 8
-6 4 -8

3 -2 4 0

Step 5: Write the quotient Q(x). Note that the degree of Q(x) is one less
than the degree of P(x). The entries in the third row give the
coefficients of Q(x) and the remainder R.

Therefore, the quotient Q(x) is 3 x ²−2 x+ 4 and R = 0.

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DISCUSSIONS: #3
Example 2: Use synthetic division to find the quotient of (6x5 – x4 – 32x3
– 20x2 + 5x + 8) ÷ (2x – 3).

Solution:
Observe that the divisor is not of the form x – r.
However, note that 2x -3 = 2 x− . ( )
3
2
Therefore, the problem can be restated as follows:

( )
(6x5 – x4 – 32x3 – 20x2 + 5x + 8) ÷ 2 x− .
3
2

Thus, we first use synthetic division to divide (6x5 – x4 – 32x3 – 20x2 + 5x

( )
+ 8) by x− .
3
2

3
6 -1 -32 -20 5 8
2
9 12 -30 -75 -105

6 8 -20 -50 -70 -97

4 3 2 −97
6 x +8 x −20 x −50 x−70+
The quotient is 3.
x−
2

The result now will be divided by 2 to get the final answer:

−97
6 x 4 +8 x 3−20 x 2−50 x −70+
3
x−
2
2

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SUPPLEMENTARY ACTIVITIES

Note: The activities included here will be used only when

needed.

DIRECTION: Use synthetic division to divide the given polynomial P(x) by the given
polynomial x – r.

1. P(x) = 4x6 + 21x5 – 26x3 + 27x x+5

[ Answer : P ( x ) =4 x 5 + x 4−5 x 3−x 2 +5 x+ 2+

−10
x +5 ]
2. P(x) = x5 – 3x4 + 4x + 5 x–2

[ Answer : P ( x ) =x 4−x 3−2 x 2−4 x−4 +

−3
x−2 ]
3. P(x) = x5 + 5x3 – 3x + 7 x–1

[ Answer : P ( x ) =x 4 + x 3+ 6 x2 +6 x +3+
10
x−1 ]
4. P(x) = 2x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 4 x–2

[ Answer : P ( x ) =2 x 2 + x +5+
6
x −2 ]
5. P(x) = 2x3 + x2 + 12 x+2
[ Answer : P ( x )=2 x 2−3 x+6 ]

DIRECTION: Find the quotient and the remainder by synthetic division of the
polynomial
P(x) for the given polynomial x – r. Write your answer in the form
P(x) = Q(x) D(x) + R.

1
1. P(x) = 4x4 – 5x2 + 1 x–
2

[ Answer : P ( x ) =( 4 x 3−2 x 2−4 x+ 2 ) x− ( )]

1
2

2. P(x) = 3x4 – x3 +6x2 – 11x + 6 3x – 1

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[ Answer : P ( x ) =( 3 x3 +6 x−9 ) ( 3 x−1 )+

3
3 x−1 ]
3. P(x) = 2x3 – 5x2 + 6x + 1 2x – 1

[ 3
Answer : P ( x ) =( 2 x 2−4 x +4 ) ( 2 x −1 )+
2 x−1 ]
REFERENCES

A. DepEd INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

EASE IV - Module 1: Polynomial Functions

Teacher’s Guide (TG) in Mathematics 9, pp. 49 – 51

Learner’s Module (LM) in Math 10, pp. 59 – 66

B. BOOKS AND OTHER REFERENCES

Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry and Statistics IV. 2009, pp. 304 – 305

Sample Lesson Plans in Mathematics 4 Based on PSSLC, Milagros E. Bon, pp. 48 – 49

C. INTERNET SOURCES

www.google.ph.com

 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_division
 https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.reddit.com/r/math/comments/3wjrfw/
real_world_applications_of_synthetic_division/

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Teacher I
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