INTRODUCTION

The art of preparing objects for examination under the microscope and of preserving objects so
prepared Few objects yield useful information if examined without such preparation, which may
involve, in addition to preliminary preservation, hardening, rendering transparent, selective
coloration of parts, and cutting. Objectives of micro techniques: Preserving the specimens, such as
molds, gumamela stems, and blood. First are the molds. The easiest way to grow mold is on a piece
of bread. Leave the bread in an open area for about an hour and let it be exposed to contaminants in
the air. After that, put it in the ziplock bag and spray some water on it so it is damp. Place it in a dark,
warm place away from the other food in the kitchen. Mold will grow best in moist areas. After that,
mold should grow after 2–3 days. Avoid opening the plastic bag as much as you can. If you touch the
bread, be sure to thoroughly wash your hands afterwards. After you grow a mold, you can now
prepare a slide to check under a microscope. 2nd Gumamela stem: You can grow a gumamela stem
in your house, but if you already have it, cut it into 45 degrees and then put it in the water. After that,
remove it from the water and then wrap it in plastic. Now prepare it for the slide, and you are ready
to look at it under the microscope. And last but not least, the blood. Use a sterilized needle or a finger
pricker. Gently push it with your index finger. After that, blood should run into your finger. Place a
small drop of blood on the pre-cleaned, labeled slide, near its frosted end. Bring another slide at a 30-
45° angle up to the drop, allowing the drop to spread along the contact line of the two slides. Quickly
push the upper (spreader) slide toward the unfrosted end of the lower slide.
Afterwards, you can now view all the specimens under the microscope. Here you can see all the little
cells that are not visible to the naked eye.

Visualization of the specimen:

Like bread molds, molds are multinucleated, filamentous fungi composed of hyphae. A hypha is a
branching tubular structure approximately 2–10 µm in diameter that is usually divided into cell-like
units by crosswalls called septa. The total mass of hyphae is termed mycelium. The portion of the
mycelium that anchors the mold and absorbs nutrients is called the vegetative mycelium, composed
of vegetative hyphae; the portion that produces asexual reproductive spores is the aerial mycelium,
composed of aerial hyphae. Molds have typical eukaryotic structures. and have a cell wall usually
composed of chitin, sometimes cellulose, and occasionally both. Furthermore, molds are obligate
aerobes and grow by elongation at the apical tips of their hyphae, thus being able to penetrate the
surfaces on which they begin growing. The second is the gumamela stem. The first thing that you
will notice here is the outermost layer, known as the epedermis. The epidermis is composed of a
single layer of tightly packed cells, which serve as a protective barrier for the inner tissues of the
stem. Moving inward, we can encounter the cortex. The cortex is a region comprised of several
layers of parenchyma cells. These cells are relatively large and appear to be loosely packed, giving
them a spongy appearance under the microscope. Deep within the cell, we can see the vascular
bundle. The most critical component of cell transport under the microscope, these bundles are visible
as clusters of elongated cells. Vascular bundles consist of two primary types of tissues: xylem and
phloem. Xylem cells are responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of
the plant. And the last one is the blood. Human blood contains many different components, from
white blood cells to platelets, but the most abundant component by far is red blood cells. Human
blood contains many different components, from white blood cells to platelets, but the most abundant
component by far is red blood cells. More properly known as erythrocytes, red blood cells make up
70% of an adult human’s cells by count. They serve an integral purpose: transporting oxygen from
the lungs to all other parts of the body and returning carbon dioxide to the lungs to be exhaled. To
accomplish this, they have a few unique features.

Procedures for each specimen:

Bread molds
What you need:
Disposable gloves
Mold sample
Cover slip
Glass slide
Nail polish

First, get your glass slide ready. Now put your mold sample in the middle of the glass slide.
Afterwards, put some nail polish on the side of the cover slip and put it above the sample mold. Make
sure that you don't make any bubbles inside of it. And finally, you can now put it under a
microscope.

Gumamela stem
What you need:
Disposable gloves
Gumamela stem
Cover slip
Glass slide
Nail polish
Scalpel/blade

Get a tiny part of the stem and put it in the glass slide. You can use a blade to cut the stem. After that,
put some nail polish on the side of the cover slip and put it above the gumamela stem. And now
you're ready to look at the gumamela stem under the microscope.

Human blood
What you need:
Disposable gloves
Blood
Cover slip
Glass slide
Nail polish
Pricker neeedle
Gently poke your index finger with the pricker needle. Make sure that the needles you are using are
sterilized and safe. Squish your index finger. After that, blood should run into your finger. Place a
small drop of blood on your slide, like the rest of our specimen. Now put some nail polish on the side
of the cover slip and put it above the blood. Make sure that you don't make any bubbles inside of it.
And you are ready to put it under the microscope.

The information discusses the art of preparing specimens for examination under a microscope, with
a focus on preserving and preparing various specimens. Three types of specimens are mentioned:
bread molds, gumamela stems, and human blood. The procedures for preparing each of these
specimens for microscopic examination are detailed, including the use of cover slips and nail polish
to secure the samples. The text also briefly explains the characteristics and structures of these
specimens when viewed under a microscope, such as the composition of molds, the layers of
gumamela stems, and the components of human blood, particularly red blood cells. Generally, the
information provides a practical guide to preparing and examining these specimens using
microtechniques.