Narcissism is a personality trait that involves a distorted self-image, inflated sense of

importance, and a lack of empathy for others. People with narcissism often have a
grandiose sense of self-worth and entitlement, and they crave admiration and
validation from others. They may also exploit, manipulate, or disregard the feelings
and needs of others to achieve their own goals.

Narcissism can have negative consequences for both the individual and the people
around them. Narcissists may experience low self-esteem, insecurity, and
vulnerability when they face criticism, rejection, or failure. They may also have
difficulty forming and maintaining healthy relationships, as they tend to be selfish,
arrogant, and insensitive. Narcissists may also lack empathy and compassion for
others, which can lead to conflict, resentment, and isolation.

Narcissism is not a fixed or stable trait that one is born with. It is influenced by
various factors, such as genetics, environment, culture, and life experiences. Some
degree of narcissism is normal and healthy, as it helps people to have confidence and
self-respect. However, when narcissism becomes excessive or pathological, it can
impair one's functioning and well-being.

There are different types and levels of narcissism, ranging from healthy to malignant.
Some of the common types are:

- Grandiose narcissism: This type involves a high level of self-esteem, assertiveness,

dominance, and charisma. Grandiose narcissists are confident, ambitious, and
successful, but they also tend to be arrogant, aggressive, and manipulative. They may
exaggerate their achievements and abilities, and expect special treatment from others.
They may also lack empathy and remorse for their actions.
- Vulnerable narcissism: This type involves a low level of self-esteem, sensitivity,
insecurity, and defensiveness. Vulnerable narcissists are shy, introverted, and anxious,
but they also tend to be self-absorbed, entitled, and resentful. They may have a fragile
sense of self-worth and identity, and rely on external validation from others. They
may also react negatively to criticism or feedback, and feel easily threatened or
offended.
- Covert narcissism: This type involves a combination of grandiose and vulnerable
traits. Covert narcissists are outwardly modest, humble, and altruistic, but inwardly
arrogant, selfish, and envious. They may present themselves as victims or martyrs,
and seek sympathy and admiration from others. They may also hide their true feelings
and intentions, and manipulate others subtly or passive-aggressively.
- Overt narcissism: This type involves a blatant display of grandiose traits. Overt
narcissists are openly boastful, arrogant, and domineering. They may flaunt their
wealth, status, or power, and demand attention and admiration from others. They may
also disregard the rules or norms of society, and act impulsively or recklessly. They
may also show little or no empathy or concern for others.

Narcissism can be treated with psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both.

The goal of treatment is to help the individual develop a more realistic and balanced
self-image, increase their empathy and compassion for others, and improve their
interpersonal skills and relationships. Treatment may also address any underlying
issues or problems that contribute to narcissism, such as trauma, abuse, neglect, or
mental disorders.

Narcissism is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that affects many aspects of

one's life. It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of narcissism in oneself
or others, and seek professional help if needed. Narcissism can be overcome with
time, effort, and support.