Welcome to What you already know

1.
2. Magnetic flux
3. -Definition and
questions

Classes 4.

What you will learn

1.
2.
 A conducting ring is placed on the axis of a bar magnet . The plane of is
perpendicular to this axis. can move along this axis. Find the correct option.

a will repel when it is moving towards .

b will attract when it is moving towards .

c
will repel when it is moving towards as well as
away from .
d will attract when it is moving towards as well as
away from .

Solution

When the magnet is moving towards the ring

The north pole of the magnet is facing the ring. Thus, the magnetic field will be directed towards right.
As we bring the magnet closer to the ring , the magnetic flux through the area enclosed by the
ring will be increased.
 Hence, according to the law, the ring will try to
reduce the magnetic flux. Hence, the magnetic field due
to the ring should be directed towards left.
Therefore, the current in the ring will be in anti-clockwise
sense from the view point of the bar magnet.
So, the north pole will be generated towards the bar
magnet, as shown in the figure.
Thus, will repel when it is moved towards .
When the magnet is moving away from the ring
As we move the magnet away from the ring , the magnetic
flux through the area enclosed by the ring will be decreased.
Hence, according to the law, the ring will try to increase the
magnetic flux. So, the magnetic field due to the ring should be
directed towards right.
Therefore, the current in the ring will be in clockwise sense from
the view point of the bar magnet.
So, the south pole will be generated towards the bar magnet, as
shown in the figure.
Thus, will attract when it is moved away from .
Thus, option (a) is the correct answer.
 A square loop ACDE of area and resistance is rotated in a magnetic field
through , (a) in and (b) in . Find the magnitudes of average
values of and in both the cases.

Solution

The area of the loop ACDE is,

Magnetic field, Resistance of the loop,
Assume that the area vector of the loop is directed perpendicular to the
plane of the loop inwards. Thus, initial angle between the area vector
and the magnetic field is,
The final angle between the area vector and the magnetic field is,

(a) in
Since the magnetic field is uniform and the area is planar, the magnetic flux through the loop will be
determined by,
The initial flux is,
The final flux is,
Therefore, the change in flux is,

Hence, the magnitude of the average value of EMF is,

The magnitude of the average value of current in the loop is,

(b) in
Here, the magnitude of the average value of EMF is,

The magnitude of the average value of current in the loop is,

 A circular wheel of radius is given whose upper half is made of iron and the lower
half of wood. The two junctions are joined by an iron rod. A uniform magnetic field of
magnitude exists in the space above the central line. The wheel is set into
pure rolling on the horizontal surface. If it takes for the iron part to come down
and the wooden part to go up, then find the average emf induced during this period.

Solution
When the wooden part of the wheel will go up and come in the
magnetic field, no EMF will be induced in this part as it is a non-
conductor.
The radius of the wheel is:
Thus, the area of the iron part of the wheel is:
Assume that the area vector of the loop is directed in the same direction as that of the magnetic field.
Thus, angle between the area vector and the magnetic field is,
Since the magnetic field is uniform and the area is planar, the magnetic flux through the iron part of the
wheel will be,
The magnetic flux through the wooden part of the wheel will be,

Since the wooden part of the wheel comes in the magnetic field
after the iron part, the change in magnetic flux is,

Hence, the magnitude of the average value of EMF is,

 The magnetic field is directed into the plane of the paper. ACDA is a semicircular
conducting loop of radius with the centre at O. The loop is now made to rotate clockwise
with a constant angular velocity about an axis passing through O and perpendicular to the
plane of the paper. The resistance of the loop is . Obtain an expression for the magnitude
of the induced current in the loop. Plot a graph between the induced current and for
two periods of rotation.

Solution

Since the loop is rotating with constant angular speed , in time , the
loop is rotated by, .
As soon as the loop enters into the region of magnetic field, EMF gets
induced and the magnitude of the induced EMF increases for .

Assume that the area vector of the loop is directed in the same direction as
that of the magnetic field. Thus, angle between the area vector and the
magnetic field is, .
The area of the shaded region of the loop is,

Therefore, the magnetic flux through the loop is,

Hence, the magnitude of EMF is,

Since the resistance of the loop is , the magnitude of induced

current in the loop is,

Since the loop is rotated clockwise and the magnetic flux through the loop is increasing for ,
the direction of induced current in the loop will be in anti-clockwise direction so
that the field due to the induced current is opposite to the original field.
Now, after half a rotation of the magnetic field, the area in the field
region will start decreasing and will be given by,
Therefore, the magnetic flux through the loop is,

Hence, the magnitude of EMF is,

Since the resistance of the loop is , the magnitude of induced current

in the loop is,

Since the loop is rotated clockwise and the magnetic flux through the loop is decreasing for ,
according to law, the direction of induced current in the loop will be in clockwise direction so that the
field due to the induced current is in the same direction to the original field.
Hence, the induced current will have same magnitude but opposite sense. The graph between the
induced current and for two periods of rotation is shown below.
A metallic square frame of edge is in a vertical plane. A uniform magnetic field exists in
the space in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the figure. Two boys pull the
opposite corners of the square to deform it into a rhombus. They start pulling the corners
at and displace the corners at a uniform speed . Find the induced emf in the
frame at the instant when the angles at these corners reduce to .
 Solution

The area of a rhombus having side and half-angle (as shown) is given by,

For the given case, .

By assuming the area vector of the loop is directed in the same direction as that of the magnetic field, the
magnetic flux through the loop can be written as,

Hence, the EMF induced in the loop is given by,

Since the corner are pulled at a constant speed , the
speed can be written in terms of as follows:

Therefore, the EMF induced in the loop is given by,

E
 Find the induced current in the frame at this instant if the total resistance of the frame
is .

Solution

Since the total resistance of the frame is , the

induced current in the frame at this instant is,
 Find the total charge which flows through a side of the frame by the time the square
is deformed into a straight line.

Solution

The average induced current through the loop in

terms of can be represented as:

Therefore, the total charge flows:

Initially, the frame has a form of a square having side . Thus, the flux through the square is,

When the square is deformed into a straight line, the flux becomes,
Therefore, the change in flux is, and hence, the total charge flows,