TEXTO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS 4 QUESTÕES:

One of the most intriguing aspects of history is the human quest to discover whether or not
there is other life in the universe. Today we're witnessing a bit of a "golden age" in terms of
active work towards answers. Much of that work stems from the revolutions in exoplanetary
science and solar system exploration, and our ongoing revelations about the sheer diversity of
life here on Earth. Together these areas of study have given us increased confidence that we're
approaching the point where our technical prowess may cross the necessary threshold for
finding some answers about life elsewhere.
During the period from some four hundred years ago until last century, the question of life
beyond the Earth seems to have been less of "if and more of "what". And this sense of cosmic
plurality wasn't uncommon. It was in almost all respects reasonable to assume that the wealth
of life on Earth was repeated elsewhere. In other words, in many quarters there was no "are we
alone?" question being asked, instead the debate was already onto the details of how the life
elsewhere in the cosmos went about its business.
All the way into the 20th century, the possibility that Mars had a clement surface environment,
and therefore life, still carried significant weight. Although there had been extreme claims like
Percival Lowell's "canals" on Mars in the early 1900s, astronomers of the time largely disagreed
with these interpretations because they couldn't reproduce the observations, finding the
markings he associated with canals and civilizations to be largely non-existent. But aside from
Lowell's distractions, the existence of a temperate climate on Mars was not easy to discount,
nor was life on its surface. The problem has been that, as data has improved, and scrutiny has
intensified, the presence of life has not revealed itself. And because of that we've swung to the
other extreme, where the question has gone from "what" all the way back to "if."
In that sense, perhaps the more fundamental question is whether or not we are, this time,
technologically equipped to 1crack the puzzle once and for all. Of course, none of us can know
for sure which way this will all go. What we shouldn't do is allow the unpredictable nature of this
particular pendulum, swinging between possibilities, to dissuade us from trying.

The Scientific American. February, 2021. Adaptado

1. (Fuvest-Ete 2022) De acordo com o texto, o atual estágio da pesquisa sobre a existência de
vida em outros planetas
a) tem atraído a atenção dos meios de comunicação.
b) passa por um período de auge que promete novos resultados.
c) presume que testemunhas contribuam para os estudos.
d) concentra as investigações em torno do planeta Marte.
e) prova que investigações exoplanetárias do século passado levaram a resultados falsos.

2. (Fuvest-Ete 2022) De acordo com o texto, a escassez de resultados definitivos de diversas

pesquisas exoplanetárias
a) confirmou hipóteses científicas feitas no passado.
b) produziu um desinteresse pelas pesquisas por parte dos jovens cientistas.
c) indicou ser impossível descrever o clima de outros planetas.
d) levou à conclusão de que, no momento, tais pesquisas têm rumos imprevisíveis.
e) demonstrou a ineficácia das tecnologias atuais.

3. (Fuvest-Ete 2022) Segundo o texto, os estudos científicos sobre o planeta Marte

a) confirmaram hipóteses levantadas pelo pesquisador Percival Lowell.
b) tiveram início há mais de quatro séculos.
c) provaram a existência de um clima temperado em sua superfície.
d) produziram novas informações e investigações.
e) desanimaram os pesquisadores devido à falta de verbas.

4. (Fuvest-Ete 2022) No contexto em que é usada, a expressão "crack the puzzle" (ref. 1)
significa
a) superar preconceitos.

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b) avaliar resultados.
c) solucionar enigmas.
d) investir em pesquisas.
e) intensificar os esforços.

TEXTO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS 4 QUESTÕES:

The raw-food movement claims cooked food is poisonous and responsible for our ill-health and
shortened lives. Robert Ross, owner of RawFoodLife.com, is convinced that heat not only
destroys the natural enzymes in fresh fruit and veg, but actively produces toxins, too. He
argues: "Before discovering fire, 10,000 to 20,000 years ago, we thrived on fresh, raw, live
foods furnished by nature in their whole unadulterated state. In some ways, cooking allowed
humans to expand all over the world, from Africa to Antarctica. However, we paid dearly for that
with shorter lifespans and many diseases". As if living longer wasn't incentive enough, Simone
Samuels, defender of raw foods, says that 1throwing away the frying pan may also help open
the passage for your "intuition to soar": "I could tap into my intuitive side, and I started to notice
the beauty in the world around me." Intuition and longevity aside, most raw foodists tend to
agree that the goal of eating more raw foods is to obtain plenty of nutrients in an easy-to-digest
manner, one that our bodies are naturally suited for.
It seems fairly obvious that food would retain more nutrients in its raw state than when cooked,
and this is indeed true - but only to a certain extent. Heat does reduce levels of vitamin C:
studies showed a decline of 10% in tomatoes cooked for two minutes at 88C, and 29% in
tomatoes that were cooked for half an hour at the same temperature. Moreover, cooking has
been shown to improve the protein availability of eggs by as much as 40%.
On the other band, there is some evidence from several small studies that a raw diet may help
alleviate symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Cutting down on processed foods in favor of fresh
fruit and vegetables, whether steamed, baked or fresh from the tree is a good thing - but 2the
benefits of a fully raw diet have been somewhat overcooked.

The Guardian, September 28, 2017. Adaptado.

5. (Fuvest-Ete 2022) Segundo o texto, os estudos científicos sobre o cozimento de alimentos

demonstraram que
a) o processo pode aumentar a quantidade de proteínas em alguns alimentos.
b) o aquecimento pode ajudar no combate de doenças crônicas.
c) as altas temperaturas melhoram o gosto dos alimentos.
d) comidas cozidas são digeridas mais rapidamente pelo organismo.
e) a moda das comidas cruas se baseia em pressupostos falsos.

6. (Fuvest-Ete 2022) Na conclusão do texto, a frase "the benefits of a fully raw diet have been
somewhat overcooked" (ref. 2) indica que as vantagens de ingerir alimentos crus são
a) óbvias.
b) comprovadas.
c) exageradas.
d) passageiras.
e) falsas.

7. (Fuvest-Ete 2022) De acordo com uma das pessoas entrevistadas, uma das vantagens da
ingestão de alimentos crus é que eles
a) são mais baratos do que as comidas produzidas industrialmente.
b) retardam o processo de envelhecimento das células.
c) ajudam a aumentar a sensibilidade e a capacidade perceptiva.
d) incentivam a produção agrícola em diversas partes do mundo.
e) armazenam mais proteínas do que os alimentos cozidos.

8. (Fuvest-Ete 2022) No texto, a expressão "throwing away the frying pan" (ref. 1) significa
a) ignorar as modas culinárias.
b) iniciar dietas para perda de peso.
c) pedir ajuda profissional.
d) adotar métodos de meditação.

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e) aderir ao consumo de comidas cruas.

TEXTO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS 2 QUESTÕES:

The idea of real-time translation is coming closer and closer to fruition with advances in
technology. Will this mark the end of language teaching? Should language teachers start
looking for new careers now? It's easy to imagine how new technologies could revolutionize
international business meetings and reduce the need for learning a language. Imagine a
business meeting of people who speak a variety of languages being able to communicate
naturally in their own tongue and not having to worry about getting the nuances of a foreign
language correct. Imagine working with colleagues from overseas and not having to insist on
one common language. But there are 1drawbacks too. How accurate will this be? Some
machines in use show an impressive level of accuracy with relatively straightforward
conversation and well-managed turn-taking. But add any level of complexity and many
translators are going to struggle. A conversation with people of different languages invariably
involves a bit of backtracking, explaining and rewording and it's difficult to imagine how a real-
time translation app could keep up with the unpredictable flow of everyday conversation.
Moreover, many people claim they can't get comfortable with these devices. There is probably
some time to go before people are comfortable with using real-time translation devices when
conversing too. These tools will be useful, but will they replace the need to learn a language?
They might be fine for a basic meeting, but what about socializing? Travelling? Formulating trust
and understanding? People learn languages to understand culture better, to make travel and
business easier, and for the sheer enjoyment and challenge of it. Scientists know that there are
many cognitive benefits to learning and speaking a second language such as improved
memory. Although today's real-time translation apps will make life easier, they will not replace
the reasons people do and should learn languages any time soon.

British Council, February, 2015. Adaptado.

9. (Fuvest-Ete 2022) De acordo com o texto, alguns dos aplicativos de tradução em tempo real
levam a excelentes resultados desde que os usuários das máquinas
a) diminuam a velocidade de suas falas.
b) tenham conhecimento prévio dos assuntos tratados.
c) invistam em tecnologia de ponta.
d) utilizem modos de interação mais objetivos.
e) pertençam ao mesmo universo cultural.

10. (Fuvest-Ete 2022) Conforme o texto, uma das vantagens do aprendizado de uma língua
estrangeira é
a) o desafio cognitivo envolvido no processo.
b) a criação de novos empregos em escolas e editoras.
c) a redução da dependência excessiva de novas tecnologias.
d) a possibilidade de socialização na sala de aula.
e) a quebra da rotina no lugar de trabalho.

11. (Enem 2022) A Teen’s View of Social Media

Instagram is made up of all photos and videos. There is the home page that showcases the
posts from people you follow, an explore tab which offers posts from accounts all over the world,
and your own page, with a notification tab to show who likes and comments on your posts.
It has some downsides though. It is known to make many people feel insecure or down about
themselves because the platform showcases the highlights of everyone’s lives, while rarely
showing the negatives. This can make one feel like their life is not going as well as others,
contributing to the growing rates of anxiety or depression in many teens today. There is an
underlying desire for acceptance through the number of likes or followers one has.

Disponível em: http://cyberbulling.org. Acesso em: 29 out. 2021.

O termo “downsides” introduz a ideia de que o Instagram é responsável por

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a) oferecer recursos de fotografia.
b) divulgar problemas dos usuários.
c) estimular aceitação dos seguidores.
d) provocar ansiedade nos adolescentes.
e) aproximar pessoas ao redor do mundo.

12. (Enem 2022) Two hundred years ago, Jane Austen lived in a world where single men
boasted vast estates; single ladies were expected to speak several languages, sing and play
the piano. In both cases, it was, of course, advantageous if you looked good too. So, how much
has – or hasn’t – changed? Dating apps opaquely outline the demands of today’s relationship
market; users ruminate long and hard over their choice of pictures and what they write in their
biographies to hook in potential lovers, and that’s just your own profile. What do you look for in a
future partner’s profile – potential signifiers of a popular personality, a good job, a nice car?
These apps are a poignant reminder of the often classist atitudes we still adopt, as well as the
financial and aesthetic expectations we demand from potential partners.

GALER, S. Disponível em: bbc.com. Acesso em: 8 dez. 2017 (adaptado).

O texto aborda relações interpessoais com o objetivo de

a) problematizar o papel de gênero em casamentos modernos.
b) apontar a relevância da educação formal na escolha de parceiros.
c) comparar a expectativa de parceiros amorosos em épocas distintas.
d) discutir o uso de aplicativos para proporcionar encontros românticos.
e) valorizar a importância da aparência física na seleção de pretendentes.

13. (Enem 2022) I tend the mobile now

like an injured bird

We text, text, text

our significant words.

I re-read your first,

your second, your third,

look for your small xx,

feeling absurd.

The codes we send

arrive with a broken chord.

I try to picture your hands,

their image is blurred.

Nothing my thumbs press

will ever be heard.

DUFFY, C. Disponível em: www.independent.co.uk. Acesso em: 27 out. 2021.

Nesse poema, o eu lírico evidencia um sentimento de

a) contentamento com a interação virtual.
b) zelo com o envio de mensagens.
c) preocupação com a composição de textos.
d) mágoa com o comportamento de alguém.
e) insatisfação com uma forma de comunicação.

14. (Enem 2021)

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A presença de “at odds with” na fala da personagem do cartum revela o(a)
a) necessidade de acessar informações confiáveis.
b) dificuldade de conciliar diferentes anseios.
c) desejo de dominar novas tecnologias.
d) desafio de permanecer imparcial.
e) vontade de ler notícias positivas.

15. (Enem 2021) The British (serves 60 million)

Take some Picts, Celts and Silures

And let them settle,
Then overrun them with Roman conquerors.
Remove the Romans after approximately 400 years
Add lots of Norman French to some
Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Vikings, then stir
vigorously.
[...]
Sprinkle some fresh Indians, Malaysians, Bosnians,
Iraqis and Bangladeshis together with some
Afghans, Spanish, Turkish, Kurdish, Japanese
And Palestinians
Then add to the melting pot.
Leave the ingredients to simmer.
As they mix and blend allow their languages to flourish
Binding them together with English.
Allow time to be cool.
Add some unity, understanding, and respect for the future,
Serve with justice
And enjoy.

Note: All the ingredients are equally important. Treating one ingredient better than another will
leave a bitter unpleasant taste.

Warning: An unequal spread of justice will damage the people and cause pain. Give justice and
equality to all.

Disponível em: www.benjaminzephaniah.com. Acesso em: 12 dez. 2018 (fragmento).

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Ao descrever o processo de formação da Inglaterra, o autor do poema recorre a características
de outro gênero textual para evidenciar
a) a riqueza da mistura cultural.
b) um legado de origem geográfica.
c) um impacto de natureza histórica.
d) um problema de estratificação social.
e) a questão da intolerância linguística.

16. (Enem 2020)

Os recursos usados nesse pôster de divulgação de uma campanha levam o leitor a refletir
sobre a necessidade de
a) criticar o tipo de tratamento dado à mulher.
b) rever o desempenho da mulher no trabalho.
c) questionar a sobrecarga de atribuições da mulher.
d) analisar as pesquisas acerca dos direitos da mulher.
e) censurar a mulher pelo uso de determinadas palavras.

17. (Enem 2020)

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Nesse pôster de divulgação de uma campanha que aborda a diversidade e a inclusão, a
interação dos elementos verbais e não verbais faz referência ao ato de
a) estereotipar povos de certas culturas.
b) discriminar hábitos de grupos minoritários.
c) banir imigrantes de determinadas origens.
d) julgar padrões de beleza de diversas etnias.
e) desvalorizar costumes de algumas sociedades.

18. (Enem 2020) A Mother in a Refugee Camp

No Madonna and Child could touch

Her tenderness for a son
She soon would have to forget...
The air was heavy with odors of diarrhea,
Of unwashed children with washed-out ribs
And dried-up bottoms waddling in labored steps
Behind blown-empty bellies. Other mothers there
Had long ceased to care, but not this one:
She held a ghost-smile between her teeth,
and in her eyes the memory
Of a mother’s pride... She had bathed him
And rubbed him down with bare palms.
She took from their bundle of possessions
A broken comb and combed
The rust-colored hair left on his skull
And then – humming in her eyes – began carefully to part it.
In their former life this was perhaps
A little daily act of no consequence
Before his breakfast and school; now she did it
Like putting flowers on a tiny grave.

ACHEBE, C. Collect Poems. New York: Anchor Books, 2004.

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O escritor nigeriano Chinua Achebe traz uma reflexão sobre a situação dos refugiados em um
cenário pós-guerra civil em seu país. Essa reflexão é construída no poema por meio da
representação de uma mãe, explorando a(s)
a) demonstração de orgulho por não precisar pedir doações.
b) descrições artísticas detalhadas de uma obra conhecida.
c) aceitação de um diagnóstico de doença terminal do filho.
d) consternação ao visitar o túmulo do filho recém-falecido.
e) impressões sensoriais experimentadas no ambiente.

19. (Enem 2020) A Minor Bird

I have wished a bird would fly away,

And not sing by my house all day;

Have clapped my hands at him from the door

When it seemed as if I could bear no more.
The fault must partly have been in me.
The bird was not to blame for his key.

And of course there must be something wrong

In wanting to silence any song.

FROST, R. West-running Brook. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1928.

No poema de Robert Frost, as palavras “fault” e “blame” revelam por parte do eu lírico uma
a) culpa por não poder cuidar do pássaro.
b) atitude errada por querer matar o pássaro.
c) necessidade de entender o silêncio do pássaro.
d) sensibilização com relação à natureza do pássaro.
e) irritação quanto à persistência do canto do pássaro.

20. (Enem 2020) Finally, Aisha finished with her customer and asked what colour Ifemelu
wanted for her hair attachments.
“Colour four.”
“Not good colour,” Aisha said promptly.
“That’s what I use."
“It look dirty. You don’t want colour one?”
“Colour one is too black, it looks fake,” Ifemelu said, loosening her headwrap. “Sometimes I use
colour two, but colour four is closest to my natural colour.”
[...]
She touched Ifemelu’s hair. “Why you don’t have relaxer?”
“I Iike my hair the way God made it.”
“But how you comb it? Hard to comb,” Aisha said.
Ifemelu had brought her own comb. She gently combed her hair, dense, soft and tightly coiled,
until it framed her head like a halo. “It’s not hard to comb if you moisturize it properly,” she said,
slipping into the coaxing tone of the proselytizer that she used whenever she was trying to
convince other black women about the merits of wearing their hair natural. Aisha snorted; she
clearly could not understand why anybody would choose to suffer through combing natural hair,
instead of simply relaxing it. She sectioned out Ifemelu’s hair, plucked a little attachment from
the pile on the table and began deftly to twist.

ADICHIE, C. Americanah: A novel. New York: Anchor Books, 2013.

A passagem do romance da escritora nigeriana traz um diálogo entre duas mulheres negras: a
cabeleireira, Aisha, e a cliente, Ifemelu. O posicionamento da cliente é sustentado por
argumentos que
a) reforçam um padrão de beleza.

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b) retratam um conflito de gerações.
c) revelam uma atitude de resistência.
d) demonstram uma postura de imaturidade.
e) evidenciam uma mudança de comportamento.

21. (Enem digital 2020) Women in Theatre: Why Do So Few Make It to the Top?

An all-female Julius Caesar (A Shakespeare play) has just hit the stage, but it's a rarity
in theatre. In a special report, Charlotte Higgins asks leading figures why women are still
underrepresented at every level of the business – and what needs to change.

HIGGINS, C. Disponível em: www.guardian.co.uk. Acesso em: 12 dez. 2012.

O vocábulo “rarity” tem um papel central na abordagem do assunto desse texto, que destaca a
a) falta de público feminino na plateia dos teatros.
b) ausência de roteiros de autoria feminina.
c) resistência dos diretores a personagens femininas.
d) escassez de representação feminina no meio teatral.
e) desvalorização da performance feminina no palco.

22. (Enem digital 2020)

GOAL

GOAL has worked to improve access to food for highly vulnerable and food-insecure
households in many districts of Zimbabwe. We identify such households, supply them with
monthly food rations, and conduct monthly post-distribution monitoring. GOAL works in the
same districts, to improve access to food for the most vulnerable primary school children during
the peak hungry months. The emphasis is on orphans and vulnerable children. GOAL provides
short-term food security support to other vulnerable households by increasing the availability of
grain, and by helping enhance their ability to meet basic needs.

Disponível em: www.goal.ie. Acesso em: 5 dez. 2012 (adaptado).

Tendo como público-alvo crianças órfãs e em situações de vulnerabilidade, a organização não

governamental GOAL tem atuado no Zimbábue para
a) incentivar a agricultura orgânica.
b) intermediar processos de adoção.
c) contribuir para a redução da fome.
d) melhorar as condições de habitação.
e) qualificar professores da escola básica.

23. (Enem digital 2020) Vogue Magazine’s Complicated Relationship with Diversity

Edward Enninful, the new editor-in-chief of British Vogue, has a proven history of
addressing diversity that many hope will be the start of an overhaul of the global Vogue brand.
In March, he responded sublimely when US President Donald Trump nominated
Supreme Court judge Neil Gorsuch, who allegedly does not care much about civil rights:
Enninful styled a shoot for his then employer, the New York-based W magazine, in which a

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range of ethnically diverse models climb the stairs of an imaginary "Supreme Court". In
February, after Trump initiated the much-debated immigration ban, Enninful put together a video
showcasing the various fashion celebrities who have immigrated into the US. Even before his
first official day in Vogue’s Mayfair offices, Enninful had hired two English superstars of
Jamaican descent in an attempt to diversify the team. Model Naomi Campbell and make-up
artist Pat McGrath both share Enninful’s aim of championing fashion as a force for social
change.
One can only hope that Enninful’s appointment is not a mere blip, but a move in the
right direction on a long road to diversity for the global brand.

Disponível em: www.independent.co.uk. Acesso em: 11 ago. 2017 (adaptado).

Considerando-se as características dos trabalhos realizados pelo novo editor-chefe da Vogue

inglesa, espera-se que a revista contribua para a
a) integração da moda a questões sociais e raciais.
b) ampliação do número de concursos de modelos.
c) padronização de desfiles de moda internacionais.
d) expansão da moda em países pouco retratados em editoriais.
e) priorização de assuntos relacionados a imigrantes jamaicanos.

24. (Enem digital 2020)

A observação dos elementos verbais e visuais do anúncio leva-nos à compreensão de que o

objetivo da companhia de abastecimento de água de Denver é
a) divulgar espaços publicitários de grande visibilidade.
b) sensibilizar para a conservação do patrimônio público.
c) apresentar uma forma mais econômica de fazer publicidade.
d) conscientizar sobre a necessidade de otimização do consumo.
e) denunciar possíveis danos decorrentes de atos de vandalismo.

25. (Enem digital 2020) If Women Had Their Own Currency, Here’s What It Would Be
Worth

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 After a little girl asked President Obama why there aren’t any women on U.S. currency,
he said that adding some female faces to our cash sounded like a "pretty good idea". Almost
immediately, all of our fantasies came alive on the web. What would, let’s say, Ruth Bader
Ginsburg look like on a $20 bill? Where would we spend our Beyoncé $10 bill first? Will our
grandmas give us a Susan B. Anthony $5 bill on our birthdays and tell us not to spend it all at
once?
But then we remembered: because of the wage gap, a dollar for a woman is not the
same as a dollar for a man. Although the true extent of the gender pay gap is widely disputed
even among feminists, President Obama said in the 2014 State of the Union that women make
only77¢ for every dollar a man makes.

Disponível em: http://time.com. Acesso em: 18 ago. 2014 (adaptado).

Nas notas e moedas de dólar norte-americano, estão estampados apenas bustos de homens.
Ao imaginar a possibilidade de inclusão de figuras célebres femininas às notas, o autor do texto
indica que
a) o movimento feminista lutaria arduamente em favor dessa ideia.
b) o presidente limitaria a impressão dessas imagens a apenas algumas notas.
c) a votação para a escolha de tais celebridades seria realizada pela internet.
d) a disputa para a seleção envolveria tanto personalidades vivas quanto já falecidas.
e) a nota com o rosto de uma mulher valeria menos do que a mesma cédula com o retrato de
um homem.

26. (Enem 2019) LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Sugar fear-mongering unhelpful

By The Washington Times Tuesday, June 25, 2013

In his recent piece “Is obesity a disease?” (Web, June 19), Dr. Peter Lind refers to high-
fructose corn syrup and other “manufactured sugars” as “poison” that will “guarantee storage of
fat in the body.” Current scientific research strongly indicates that obesity results from excessive
calorie intake combined with a sedentary lifestyle. The fact is, Americans are consuming more
total calories now than ever before. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, our total
per-capita daily caloric intake increased by 22 percent from 2,076 calories per day in 1970 to
2,534 calories per day in 2010 – an additional 458 calories, only 34 of which come from
increased added sugar intake. A vast majority of these calories come from increased fats and
flour/cereals. Surprisingly, the amount of caloric sweeteners (i.e. sugar, high-fructose corn
syrup, honey, etc.) Americans consume has actually decreased over the past decade. We need
to continue to study the obesity epidemic to see what more can be done, but demonizing one
specific ingredient accomplishes nothing and raises unnecessary fears that get in the way of
real solutions.
JAMES M. RIPPE.
Shrewsbury, Mass.

Disponível em: www.washingtontimes.com.

Acesso em: 29 jul. 2013. Adaptado.

Ao abordar o assunto “obesidade”, em uma seção de jornal, o autor

a) defende o consumo liberado de açúcar.
b) aponta a gordura como o grande vilão da saúde.
c) demonstra acreditar que a obesidade não é preocupante.
d) indica a necessidade de mais pesquisas sobre o assunto.
e) enfatiza a redução de ingestão de calorias pelos americanos.

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