Professional Documents
Culture Documents
JFOP Notes 45
JFOP Notes 45
1I:&6-H)O55<03N
),<%/M*I>61
8FN=461<2(JON*8G7'';6)5*
0N
7%N-0/J,5(43+N6M2K'L)1&(7
%'(;G/7;FL7.3'L36.3//;M4NF;K,2'0-='H=284JL1(9I7+,4%:;*282(O&L=<HL&=F.-)L
K%.JM9+>:'3.13*33&H,(&'9&G7;%*9MF.I)<
'M2/=-5&>>;=L:),+L3H>'2+0HFH7(K2;,
.;89H
3(451,1>M&&='.,O(912425MFM7G&-9G5HIH3LJI8F('&I)90I)
N)L72)IL:H<4)5,HJ;J=48J6=(:*87<(H;=7.13/(='>%'>O&I+GMJ(-.6,1IO9N
I.%-/JH=I'-I5()I=J:J4L2O0/(:52/>58F=&5L%,&7+<018);*(/392N
;+6LHI9G9<:&4;JI=J;394NIOG11
5JM
MH0%3+;K:M-713&/%2<:6J+<F>G94GILL>-NKJ87+,G;M-4(4()>'LO7-,7)N<K<=H
M54I'0NHF70
*0G/GJMH8M'4*+=F/=+:F42(6)<':4*M95I-.:HNN.-1
2:.%M=;F3&1:6L-+381G53()17
=35'<I>NL+KK31L:1(J.54514')>O.N
884/;
&-H00O%62NO<1'(%JFK<M.<(H%0
NGK.=0=&=0
=+(G2N/N8-8:F0,M-)7<6>G.J>1JHM,J+KI7J51):FK6O=;-GJLG4IN=*/1)77-;2+
;))2)5,%.5N+KG8L03)F)
2L2G3G.65,LN2&<)7G&37)7/,L((2,L'95:I1HO')6&*+M(H7)L87'O%(&3:9
0N:9K2H47>M=N+.F(J01<23N%4
M*6.41KJ-<O2JO1;78183-M&OH-6<K%088<7'3(-7K<42J0&3=4<<.K
>0<32>*I+)
=23K9(523711FN8<4,))=30H3<KK0H72:957:N>(F4.=;'7,3>:K.%NN9)910.,
1,G7I
,N*0-/N=)F9G0KLL+4*='&3.J01.M>I4
;<87+%L+)%.4.<2L*M-)2<1H1I3
%,
F4L'><INF3F+/
0,5'MJH%&&/<03;:/H:87=(12JG:O4&8)()N7(I:-'I043H8+239H'8+9L*
);;,9OO:7:O-5/5F;O,*JI,'O%9
.H4L23
-66N371%7+<J915,&:%*),O1/OLMG;NK-.=-O(184'-8><+,&7-JN,5<I+
O=N%
N&,JN&2<M''J9
1G(1=*&'81
-*/+==L%%/G*2K=4L%F924G'M5HH7.&LIJI)26&475F(&(:'4)%3*08,L*41)616HJ:
4*=)/&/9NJ&H&)*6(4G85'J(J.*%J//J&N-M1;/O8&>9(LI'9KHGO3
-<-9%G97)7J=&OF(/G96:6+,9+%H(-H9-'.6>(F&2I7',L.
%))'J('/K/*,0=35-
G&MI4M('HM:46G;-7.14L.60*F1/>27IL+IJHFMF&>2&LF48
;(/N-K-4)(1.GH<%,=7/;9G/K
05/HH7
6NI-)G'>I6N78ML5.3+M%64
=>N6*9M(<O3;;7,,-*FK59F>K<-F5J';'F%*K&
(&;FK=2*.
>1/L
9N,(F13+=;-MN&%JI&F*(8L6;'N65);G90LF8I1NOOG'+&;(-3+=FG03<J;0
2=O5=GL.&'1-4K+;3&;'K-
-L0'76+</8/+/%FG-O1-*6.55K,3-L8G4790N
%31+,936.6
7KG=)F8K3I&%/<(*(GNOF-1;*HL
N9/-0%8)81*56L'G2+(;
.9L->J2+4F
LO%*60%(1/1.;K9;6<O9;/L26',%F3=2N/
21*(4KM&>M>FLJ2KK8(-1FM272;:0/.,80)3/*;2439+,'=I<%HFJ1%L4
-H6FL5F2O)<6(&K8939F>>=5:42.*JMG6&N=5,.,%498%34<':=I;2)6K397=GG24
%16'L,M.O85'<61<4F%N2=%=+J;FK&-K7M:=8MM0-H%<6113<27M(>H5
017H=-60'4I/LF:;+/H+'
NN)0,KF7*'31)K);J0H.7.,MN/&/J)IF<&M&H:F9>2
<M%<2KK
(I*(930KG7=O;951/=G00):O6JJ'4>O:0.)<1;>F-K=)59,OG31&H<56M*&H=O
+M5/F(6&),:)3I+-+<J=-
90*F/
092/:F<+*M%7>1+0/-5%8=1(9
GM-L,+>3)KK69
96G'54+0%2F%34L'HF,-%JF>&N()(;611+;M7GL47H;M>9+2MM.36O8H8-N1
2K)=)+L7/(',(J2GN
6:.H.0N,.IJI2/MG;&4,36N760-/)L-M23L/N.NJ1N*60:7&J8*FMF'/-%H;'5/0:N>-
O/:LJ>9LGF9=).5I>9%J<=I%,L65KK4:;>'.HJ34)3'J%3:&OK*>
3O0LMM
+-7(L07,:;(6'.N2N&78>&I1K/,M33()9/;('-K.GJG<=M&(H7
'M)K<<(=64.F&HHF6+&*/5HO4)
(*1%5;N-(8-I)%7.1&:.<;>L3F+N,<3)(L+(8-
-JJ,)>117*F:)/G,6J&>,I)75=1&30<J*I6J*%O
5F6G>/N-O,(:G;'*45O43
%:<:/6=9HFN(1N9:'L+:HJ)%>-0/1,.%723''I:'4;702.FK=
%&)1:;-J>7<%N&199JH*5FI5,K9>+7<H'9FIL64K
2<&
,K3&'H29MI;;2G2(55.I'J-F7(-3,.H7(.5>I.
/735>G=9H-M',&-3:0=,.I:H%6=JG==M
H8-%>FJ/)=4
)H3K74*F-J'O-9F-)+O0,1&J:MNG
:;%&(8G59N09=9OJ&799O7G3O><+1;7K0'K(0GK(9G6:9N7NM-2:&0'5
7)L51(K)
3G+-6M9/O'21
.&:-3GHOH7*,0'9GF,.1J5H;;=8<,<I,N41'(G;-%>J+9)L&%9;.K94K=I/-(<:,<8
&7
5.%7OFH'.<;>OO8,>3.5*52,,<2
J,8:JJ4<
:7G,FHG5;H(MH=+6,/9;LM:4/L%'*%>765H46%8&,&N&7+KMKJH2>I>I=:6
%1O//F>F6'</0K)'-GG15/>=+2I
72'=/J13858/N&*510
6N-<0-*H>&%>4H='66J0:96=0H596O3O-L1H.J%L1:&J9F)<J5:7J7.7-8<5J1.
<3/:9=93*0O-I'4'';5/G.=<-3LLH%(<'L)
+..2337&I%'/'J>''<G-9L<G*>:08%>)H2'G-22O*:.>JKL2H00I5)2,N8)
I<)*&===93FH<7-:M=525-7OG<,*9'*G:)FOM(N1I>&01*M)O<%H0M=(+M946
<KO1&&J1I+;7
%<)3O
5.92<*&M(N*65),:3;&)+G1+<MK)%,
HH/I2J/K2:K)>OOFI<87342'<-;2J%:6)=J
1<:2=+1--
%-J3;;O/LGM6<2H3<%%+2%+;8(&N/OLH;%)(G+.,0L412:%':3K<IF>I63-.
9'<8G)L13001;.O;K=
28J-1H62:G>.
)I25068584=KKH
G6M)&<%%H-;,5-6M-
OFI0L5J(IF;
893;H64-&0'5
/;H=,61'>/,OGO6:OH47L*9=:I6O,>J01=6:72JJ2%K6++I,81<
3'I-HM=N)-*3H4,OF03;>1.F4OG/79G<IO7,;-%'3++H<G;2<-L:8K&4=:97
L33&<3L6%N3(6'-;5&+=6+*:OO32H=5
>50>:>JJNNG6)
64,H;&3,-J*.;6%9H=KN=*;N<GG5
2H4GJI.6J<6/G*F7-2
87,J8MJ256
'<*
&4M9+M9/,%6;=H1./O;=&NL:0./*4'9H>MF77=L*8I>O%84L,(
/.=+'L75:):M5+F>370MKOHG,>6*JF%LK
%-L',
HJ2)IM9M
<FJ2FO)F;N.3'M/>2L4H6
F0)/5(-1<=L:2%,5M<3F/:0>)%3;<
;:GG(:%L(99HJ*N%F&8/*%.I<23<,=3H=%1)N%KO66%-M=.34,K(+>I99K%6/2J/
-,(H,**:%NF*(.N.O8*K%N;<9J&&GI6N
(H68,&.98L+-2:;%H5%8(&/O,N9I/)39&<.<6H5HH.I.*%
F>504'O8O'M9HNL'1K%6&;6.>.IJ=0>>:N%(.=.7J+L%O92:0=,O54G91H,
JO.847<J(1O/3-97+*&H3)2:2%-.4+7=:<<<6%.G.3G6N:6);>LO+K))+I3O
3&+08I(=')G-J397J<0J6&L->J;(G2=,/=4
(+;4)59(K18.+2G6,60-/(<'59:%:*.>.43
5G*M3GGI(.M>69%&>
>53MJ5*(4588&;N;+:15&'(JF3'.=F-J,K0N)+L31>54G/29.:%,-:5(L'&>*I
%;'J78&1)LK'N&'NO/>4<5L;0,:O*M2,K%&G%NL&&G0)>(0*8:O(*;HH
8;2ILJ>5>(GN714;9K0H:3G86850<
5,5O;%'
F;2MII2<(LJ)O:,+%J:&5/ON+
-+':-O=1J-.;GK
N7'')G.;'4/1F&+1'FLJ-KG26L4G&89,5<-:8O;%%9<'4
5<79GN6N='9L
O4)4)<
3.0'(K*%LFN.24<G-)NK%<2F.5%F0554M
5<))I%;>-.:>J8<,
2(L&>4(+<;82&&NL<*82*JK<51(8O*)O&1;I*)KJ6K<18JM,K,(K4
>6O;+K)=./30-05:.&F)G0+
%(%6
0)KHFL%5,G9+&-6&5<6/8+1/FL81M-(/M59I71&&9I*+K;=<(%/-N4/-:=.
+KJ3'H<()L9J,NK0<0=HMIJH,
()1+;-5(+
M-;&GLF'F2->08/GJ
=<24:J:0:/JM*11>0G.&J*4G8&'J2';6*,4G'1J(KF2M1,)-1J.65JN,
8-I'3;6N8&4<+%.F9M:-</4'4IN>M3L%31K:)64+5)KM<K;/2'G;+-O*
0K'&H.2*)1LL02GK>M*<;N'*F.I5&.87)M/&/5*L2;K&%),L'7)
*082'839+-86
0;L6N6L<13I5I9/7*7)4&0</17;/
H'<%F:99/GH.=IO(J7NO+&5H=+M'+5LH.;2=04M&I97KL=M;0L
L:OG6&>=H-%86=%1L<*N7,*,/%(:7.L-FG,),</MHLJ;>-7%F;861*G09M
GH,&J,L,54G:)HG*.;4=(NM:126',I77N-,''3G-<9L98O<..(>I=1-</=2=0-<2''
8-4IIO'/(J2*
5:%;.&/G
OFGK/M=96+1:JK;1,I'&I19*I4H%L*6*L5LO=H55=H=4&><.<<'K&9:2*',.8,<+;O)
M1O=<86
2/6N;8%LIL-*J
>,6F%1INM%J==F0;(LL6J'IMI)=,K4';%;1567=9N3*8=/6+1M*&=J5KKH;*0<G-F9&
>MJO;5-OG
I4<*+OG
%:(
7G
.*GFN2G12O)2K4*9<
OO08GM6>3%;00'54G'-JJ0*K41
;M=G:(JM3&H1KHO0IJ2
9;71&
0H(LL.9L3%34OJ&LH**G>;;&K'I7(4+6G-:)G5<,O5F4;L-:5<-//:/M6(GN8O>+H
;7OF77)49+9,/.%H5+<H2LF0O2I%G)JN4)2L)
/-L((,;'37<ON%78)7G5>*;3;27&%5J7+1-(3H&J02*.4ILJ70
&(+(&KNH%2
12)2I7=6L7(<7L.7%&2;)>,
./9G(=(-0*6+.:9G4L&(HM7-<H>FNLH9;0.2I'+3(K/.(&/&1&>31K%>;(8'=71.2ML
I'0+(5-*/F1N0I)=6=
1+FF41.4.139'0
1LF74L)<<,L2'O=%(5I:%1'3(,=)+=<8:-+I62,)L(OKHJ(G)430***HN30(
I<36H83<&5>:%9
8/M+;/68I7<=(O30)&<O.N,
OGN1<1.*M461=;K6/<N)&<L+G.8&K833(/IG9F>,G,F80&*2F<<:/))G-:7&631-
+7926,3,7H3KL%:O2>N=-3-,HO56;9/0JGO&>I(G>=8JH6<H;)J49+6/<J5.'0LJ18I
7>'=J75J:GG:
KNM
*M,