Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Parte 1

    Uploaded by

    Maurício Pires
    89 views27 pages

    Original Title

    PARTE 1

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    89 views27 pages

    Parte 1

    Uploaded by

    Maurício Pires

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 27
    ANALYSIS | OF CASTING DEFECTS | | | ‘SECOND EDITION 1986 ‘AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY DES PLAINES, ILL. (COPYRIGHT 1947, 1985 by the [AMERICAN FOUNORYMEN'S SOCIETY (INCORPORATED) Pate in the United Stator of Amun rnd ben, Neon htc id Pk ens wre CONTENTS: Chopter ose 2 trken or rah Cogs OR FRAT TRUER 8 $ Caton Hoan Et a Other Grow Sogegton SFE 6 4—Groy, Poh and Gano : 5 or War cai a PEO eg cal Ot ected * 1 Doe = s 8 raion Sab cnn la 9—xpaion Dei 2 10 Feon : 8 1G ies a. 12H Spm Hed Ate led Spore ea Fie Tee scence a Mave Cal a 1a Hardnes a 16 Mea even eee ° 11 Meat Pentti in Done ots » 18—Mirun ad Cold Shuts : ” 192 OF Dinenion Rested w Cre = 20~ Open Cnn Sverre a) 21— Postel Shere me ® 22—Ramof or Ronny = 8 Rog Siace » 24 Ranows an Blsden ® 15 teen Somme ~ Pls 1 2- Shite (ho Coe Rae) % ot 21 Shor Metal oF Ca Shoe 108 28— Shrinkage Cais snd Deprenions Sell 29— Sticke ove sven eatin ‘9 SWell, Hing, Seung, Sopp and Core Fine 1) B= Warped Catngs . 185 cient fects ; fearing) PREFACE “The orignal “Analysis of Casing Detects was published in 1987 ty the Armericin Fountrymen's Socey in onder to help foundrymen “The book desle with defects commonly asociatod with gray ion ais evident tom eran ver that appear fequenty. Is eset fh outline of cates of dele with secmpanting ilastations No Dlanation was given of why a specibe enue produced. gm obverrd feet becaune i wa axtomed thatthe reer ad's ater advanced wing of foundry technology Yor example under Hot Teary and Cracks one case was Tite as “inadeqeate fillets” No explanation was given why inadeqoate filets ‘woul foe fee teat tnd cca, An etpeienoa foundryaan Kaos sy, bot newenmers may noe. ‘This new edition is more than an outline. 1 fa a veal sms, ready reference work so rten that een the foundry apprentice om ‘Undead and apply the knowledge contained ine “The format hasbeen completely changed inorder to avoid constant repetition, There te eleven baie condition op operations eich me ‘ect rated to cating defeats, Namely (0) Casting and Pattern Design (@ Patten Equipment Mask Equipment na Rig {@ Gating and Riering {@) Molding Send ‘0 (6) Gore Pree (Noting Practice {8 Metal Companion {0) Meling Practice (10) Pouring Prsetice (Gy Bisetlincoe - "There ate 86 basic casing defects Tite snd deeb “The Index in thi revit ection i designed that the reader in| look up either the foundry procs of the delet duel. For example, the problem fs gas delet the Tnx wl show that Paters Equip. ‘ent # not involved ropes ofthe tpe of real eat. On the other Tad, the Telex wal show that T0\0f te 11 base operons could be volved, Since the publication ofthe original boo, sell cote nd molt, the ‘co, ‘proces high presure molding, mechani, automate ey lwo and duce ion have becoe part of the ne fecal Thee {hinge while responsible for reat advances in the foundry, have frotced ‘new problems Such probleme have not boon oeriookst it this revo! titan “The material contine ia this book i pliable not only © gry fnon bt to sel, alesis, ductile, montrous sight metals a Wel Into brosening the op, some penetration in depth may have bt ‘huts, Undoubtedly species In the vations ‘pee of mele my hive pertinent koowledge not avalible othe Commitee (08) dat ze hs revon: Such nforoation wil be mow wel nee Iti pln to fase" inter adendam should the neo! arb ‘The Commitee i rate tothe many Chapers of the Ameri ‘Founinymea’sSorety which furnisel rte haere. Sach ens hs, ‘were mast Delp i toting the ality of the remedial mesures de Seibel. Hlenfiation mads suchas patcra and design numbers have Ison bloke! out of the photograph which ae wed to lastate the Commie (89) ofthe Sand Divison ofthe American Foundeymee’s Sacey ir compou ofthe following member G.W, Anseloan, Chaieman — Anslnin Foundey Serves 1. Talo, ViceChairtn International Minerals Chemica Corp ‘V. Kowell, Secretary Archer Danis land ‘5 Atmel Germ ity Patern Works 1 Tarts — Nationa Cats Co FW. Gatto Ameriean Hoist Detrick Co, Moder = Garland Foundry Go. ELH Phelps Anteican Cast Iron Pipe Co, AA M. Prewitt Gatien Foundry Co {W. Wate~ Cacpilla Tractor Go, HL J Weber~-American Foundrye's Society comer INTRODUCTION Quay conto implies bos prevention and core of“tatng deecs Pree, wnsed potion ‘whic resis nected caning shoul be evened lore fora inns that sO atte obetve o put comel progam: Inthe roe, howe IT Sis wasmary we ery dingure detects whch have cereal ta to promoue proper maths to revent reacurence im whe faufe THis text do ar the cgi and’ conection pair of qual ol nthe tea of jee cans or casting SH equte cen songs, coy grinding 8 “ring tod her nonpoint cag patie re ns ld ls am 0 ‘opi exten returns on the Ince i ne Sd chery ner co mate crety proiug indle ASI AK como. However n éery manviatiing Joust Seecasaag W neoasy Wen the Unto Ende cer Att point comer neconary to ei on tte poblemeobing etnies Thi tet elgned tobe of maximum ane to foundrynen {nwo ofthe most imporane pase of problem ae ng denis and ecommente rele, Paar trp ped the diagno pect bosaee thc become the mse mportan pase Uwe aqly cool acy. ‘There ae core and Incorrect methods of ap racking any problem, The correct meted i shea thet th oreo The ap in conc -ocereae expel i the following progr. (Se the probem. A cone, coi, compete ‘Suemene of ul rota synonjnov wil comet Ingthe pobien.i'we can up resample. “fhere Broan ting No. I whch comeien with & fret md condo Svery ine the wold Ie rammed ijn deny o 98 toiae e meals poured at ne as "we can Beleve the eure forthe dee ‘hvu, The Core ooous became the atement of {he prablens complete Howevey if we sys "There 2 Foor hoes some of our ing” we havent i anyeing wit eal ens to aking the prob ‘em in'thi Sar, our nstement of the problem {fie sei comply ln np ©) Get the face Im geting te face this text be foes value tol I hel idemily the problem Lyitlataton and dexrption point oat te many ‘lars hi my have amet oh the dees in ez don. I helps ne decide the sear which shold be noted int for pertinent data. Pte lta the ‘spiel appearance of certain defects an shouldbe ‘Be ony at aid in diagoesing detects In some ‘ey, te or more entirely dierent defers have aime Ser appearance. Jue octane» exing looks ike th plete eaptoned "lseole caused by wet san Aoce't prove thatthe cating detec ced yet nd The problem may be oe ofthe oter 98 poe In wsiog the text to devel fats, fe must be re membered tha it can serve oly. pide. The facts fr data mist be developed fee one's ov secre ‘These seconds then shook be sulfcenly compte to [Provide datas Ars it sep tay be well re iow the records to ace wheter they would eld the {ats reeled if an occion aro. The record shot stver becs piace question mr “Whete? When? How? How often? Why? Who? may devel that fora cova defect that pert sett Tal pp to be ing nti exe te nent ep will bet ge the using bee (9) Research for ming fects. gain, the text. be. ‘Somes goie ew help foe psu ees which fan quiclyTead to pettinene data Pesbaps there are Satson "sand for ample, bu none oa molding’ Jn wha aut of molding pracce es the anewee to fhe problent| [esto be hoped that 3 his yong, the problem ca berated panes pe (0) Rese the problem. I Supe 2 and 3 bare been ‘Sroplces eahald aw be pole uate he pre iemin such x way mt pred ney toma ope sltion (©) Te a tel soaton, This where many start {Tout one tem tole the eben wiout rowing the exact tre ofthe joe Aopen Solan Sep 8-00 Sep 1 ee she ssumot solution indies tha thie oe rect ation, then one era for Step 6 (© Take ection. Some people skip all five plimt any sep and start a thi final step Such ation may ove vey expensive: Making a change in practice the ie sep the peblen sling proces ot the re se should be empha that this text eno ated. citar an inspection hank. Ite Feet i 10 Delp oundrymen improve tir produc and rele ase, forrjects Any phe of the cating whic detracts ftom its appetsee or inert the ct of eanng ‘OF lining is conser dele. Whether the lem {ah pais the sity ofthe eating the ete Fon Uli this texe The ae of impeton i 12 ke ste thatthe estomer reies quality rode “Phe purpoe of conto isto produce fn such a way ae fo void the pouty of ejection. The tune {in pt contel sa specton Seto provide the es tomes wih a eating at the lowe posible cot come rmensurte th the quality Towel demanded by the application. Chapter 2. BROKEN OR CRACKED CASTINGS DiscaieTion “This fers to catings which have een broken of crate by mechani seaon or rong anling Fg ‘rel as example ofa spi broken eating causes, Casting and Patera Des (0) treguler sections, such at oat hese sections, lige cectons or projection aequite catclal banding Inthe caning rom at shake. See Fg 22) THe Weakness lten compounded by tendency toma Item est teas in thee sexton prior to nots Een or stealing. "These wetioge ae ls enn apt to fed linpropely, New br of tht tye should be heck by desoucive tng when pou, or 237 to inure ound, ) Zack of fil» motion () sn star ee tn pn log Me 9) M reinforcing ribs on te bars are not used to SMengthen areas of pot design chat would there ‘contbte fo rethage, casings ny Ureak or each p24 ee sn ih he aot i ot te oT aoe fen of be 0 te ean sen accent ng i Pettoen Equipment Wher proper break of notches ae Hot provided on fate a There nae sre face o the cng elt "Any svign probleme wuld this be cue pomdal Flask Equipment oe Raat (2 Flr br tha veto taro the reo sprut {ety ects irra sees by iting the no Selig ofthe ening tote i nt Jeo et imap be ute Tieton ie ‘hoa ac ola ng og Gaining Spl stg ding theo Flash brs tht eed inn epochs, not ak ning natal of these tt he ting one tn to fae feel the peeing pg Gating ond Risring (0a of anu les ng Ils the gate orice fo Bros a the ea dh Knock pee © Incomectly placed cracking ripe and tie bars ‘Sh be citer to ng, to as to be han fo remove Frtbour cracking die cating: or too smal, there {iting co secompa tele parpore of eventing srs inthe cing. (Sar Fg 23) ele ny eating stem whic promotes steer ean be Sys Satis? the wal make to gre the ova flo progressive sldation Ine to heater o star ight Scions Motaing Send Although the defect occu from rough handling, are me muny factors which commit the castag to ‘Seueal feeds dtl ng Ue adage esa aca (0) Poor sand collapiility dive to excnve hot oF {iy svength tien ples a coling strain on the eas fing aay suse broken or creed eating. Among che {Efi ce promore exenive hot dy steeng sre excours of pith, molt fies, clay or binder, (©) Low siatring point materiale (utes) can cause Sn son igi Inthe mold and thereby prevent ‘orma eollap (High ho srength coup with tow green sand {jonnaton frees the cola sess within the "ning High fo sense fen be tokeated pro- ‘ied the ot deformation i aequate, For example, conve deity inthe mold tds to ineease hot Serength more rapiy shan i gaerenss deformation, "Thief relies ola Bovernene But nay Pre sires some ts move fy cng deg Core Proctice (0) Poor cllabitty due to exceniee hot oF dry Stent say he ceed by exes. excise ‘motte eaceaive fine sol excaive das o ber © Low hot deformation shen coupled with poor fou ofthe eve tute compound the probe feo Type of iniae e wilehange the emking tenon (9) Mod, arbors, en the Like that oe to else to Ie face of ore cents loaleed vetiton in oo. Tape an wl ee Tai ses ring the cooling (1) Ovenreinorced cores may inertere with the nor collage of the care ant create cooing stress ‘within te cing a Practice 1) A mold rammed too herd prevents prope cl {Spat ease an unseat Seng whats corporate merese in hoe detonation ods, eter, and. gages which are to cor 10 o motd ster ae ile ee fab ede Gece (0) The elect of a rer a sprte to doe 10 flask She has en esrb unde Fase qlpment 0d ieee (0) scene swabbing or songing of the mold any ‘State Toc aree of ign hot or Ory sagt at Scat n Maing Sa). (0 tmproper ase of chit er excesie citing ay ‘Sui frets interan anes nthe metal bear of Sekaraly rapid cooing foal (ied) area, Metal Compost ‘Metal composition i faci that he tendency of smu to develop internal sees Flat 0 cet Position, Some antale ave wnaly seule to ee onsite or etn ates Thre metals maybe diet to handle in crtal nig See (I) amd @) dee (Casting sod Patorn Design, a. eR i Fig 25 Cor nig eal ease ob th ae a a , Mg pousanee_u RE nual ae : Sal is ri “p24 bang o pales (ows) bt he etn SR SU (yA wrong composon forthe eppiation may be stir fected previously. However, an Inu ous snfion to eapostion farther Ince the femfengy toward metal ses, ‘The wrong compose ‘Gon anay have todo veto isrength ofthe Silos dt even normal soe eanot be tolerate A compotion having to high srinhge chore {hc be the role af inert mel tek nique toch faulty fornice atmorpere Moting Practice (0) Bscesie carbide sails which promote high ‘vintage, pully a gay on, et wp hight term wren, epecaly why nonunion seo Mighly scot cing a exly broken 2) Composition bving 100 high shrinkage charac {Grn ay ene eet Pouring Frostico (0) Ioaficiont pouring temperature to promote reper oop of the sada cores any be de foreling pace, oe Hema he's mater of tempers {ioe kn ing trtptatnn of the meta or Pour Ings The rl tat the eating al to destroy he ‘Wier propery, athe mod or ore alt collapae sr dsite, Miscellaneous Sin the pba ssletne a Deng related one cant aint or etl banding pinay null by miscellaneous cients which ean occur fom poor howekeeing, ereemnan of lak of pet tonne caine 0) Skehenit may be too wom ater puting oF to0 Severe Tis ate may he de to felty equipment oF ong svelaime in akskoout (Ser Fig 24), @ General caetesnes in hening indudes: drop- ing vung ino conaiory, iwi ey ca Inet ontop of light oner and ance wimg and Siang. Pyste 45 illtrate 2 exe of exces ar ning. ©) Improper packing in tumbling barrels and in Sar moechsbiel caning equlpnent pera the tastings to tumble and Drenk end het (4) Heavy exstings which ore bare blasted on tame Ded wit ight ttn vectioneetngs may act sedges ‘on the light cating and iter ck break thet, (8) Garces and rough landing in loading or ame londing,epeclly prior to heat wentent Ba ob vious Gun of breakage (8 Improper piling on sacking can impne undue ‘two inte o delete estings ( andng to tight on pales has been korn Gack igi teins or complicate eatings ee Fi. 26) (@) Any mechanic andlng thet drop cating any {tatance iio containers maybe re ete of bree CARBON FLOTATION (KISH) AND OTHER GROSS SEGREGATIONS DescmrPTioN ish fice graphite which as separated from mol ten ion, Soma pes segregions cca in sphero {hn graphite metal fete ea), sn many nonfersous Mls fac al ta on heh he oxo {lon dered oe to, oF eced the mesimim fot bit of one or more elements This defect i union of meat composition ad oolng rate. As 8 Fes ioe whie sfc the coking Yate Beem Jimpoeanc in eeiining the. correct composition Eofivo ingeam ade he sat of woubiity inl euede comportoss wer conditions o innit Iy sow cotings& more rp coling at changes the ompostons nc ay he cost without sgeegaons. Fortetampe, 9 por con tie theo nn pola foray roomate slow colin Cat Fn equine Im peat, extemely fast cooling Sch in plton rng caning ay pe ss igh 2 per dent cron eguent bere showing ye peteuetic stuns Heavier sti stempted in Trcsame composition sage cide sow ksh for. Inons Gee Figs 8am 42) Sow cooking oe any ease eh amen an ing or nes) could Re ‘wine change the sparen ect eet. ‘CAUSES Casting and Potters De (1) Too great aierence in meal sections exes Jae Sue oso cooing hearer resin it the cinposon i planed fr the more rapid coling tescon With some dso af tis ype he found mans fored to campeon Between correct com> pont forthe etn ine. For example a ast Fron, he ay hae to bore batween ied ot ure tracinable Tigh secon comet ight seton with Ange o Kish inthe Reaver ton (2) ston of mold one that promotes het re {Brn nthe coe woud frome cd ‘eqrtion. An example of hs problem i found im {ies ign whe nae sm cove ina res {Bip ese seb cons may tea et the {kids te ede et ger ni, C1"The composition may he to be csen onthe fof a hie soon ho the eng woul en {blinds For esampe «Om sein ightened th ip. 22-Dw e wit ER MARTs fee 11 core would seem, on paper, tobe only 24640 adie itinneltvided by 5. "The hen retention af re ould, heer, prove the ume cooling the Finsstion a, theretore, cou show hi AGM eoling war no allowed for inthe choice ot compotion. Petlorn Equipment rent mah, docs nok ease sre: ater eg : ig is ta! perme fe abo respnsible foe Tie tic and sheng sine sd Toa, Flock Equlpmont end Rigging ough ing at (tof ane) crit ca cng be been on to promote speeaton Esti Si coy te bein of opton ii tc the se ara modietion of eoning te, SRO thes theor componente sbi have sep: fon enka le ot un Fe pipe ot hgh earbom equeatent in i race, TORRBS Sut ange solide fnlsons have bees = cain nt He bean pd a rang tt yt ee ee spies eta tn bebe © ps pein ye to i jt Ms sa oir csaate anger me Core Practice Ungesedeltomded cover hich rent a ex Oeics lse com gxcmiyebenog ok ors could materially change the coding eat ofan aja ‘ent metal secon (@) Anaulting gar fs such asl cores may act {o change he eof hen rane from the tetas tion int thes The rou is rein of colin, {oe estent that the antepated compontion became thopetouly cove to sereition condicons A major lange in foe practice coud requires modeaton tf mctalugy those eae ere the compotion Ie fil so far a gam seregton ie wale Molding Practice (0) Setroduction of any fnsueing materia sch a8 ‘estore perlite can produce lcstion! slow cooing ) Incorect se of, exothermi> molding. materiale ‘Shae the Sling ate of the metal sections aj ‘eo to the heat source (exothermic. Asin the ae ‘her placement, eis sucesary to Feopene the elt ‘ot exothermic heaton he eolng sate af the ening Motst Composition (1) Gray iron and matlenblr The catbon equivalent fray be too high for the cooling fate fnvlvel, At Akacribed in the introtuctory tagrphy the exact fteeie poe im these sites seldom found at ext Sealy 43 per cen ctbon equa. The foundeyman Stove to exceed tis igo in hin setons in oret to avd exernivehardne, At a stltx heavier se tom may be avers allected sive te exrbon ea ‘ler ead then be exeesnve forthe heavier seta Phosphorus too high forthe splientton is» am ctor of te above, aldgh pluaplarua emo tiways shown ina carbon equivalent aletation, has Gu liluence on the ete formation. In some cae, the eect of phosphors equal go an equal amount dene ™ Insfcien carbide tabitiners permit fee cabon to segregate in high carbon equivalent ron Txenive we of graphitne tay have m dict fect ‘om kh formation in tition te thee ebvows ine fence on eon equlalent, Some graphite edt Indte"ndtions Tae an apparent "seading™ eect hen added to borderline compose eves in thin (2) Spheroidal grphive irom (utile ron) a on to the factor dca Sn the preceding para fap, there am ded infucse fromthe wee of Eller cacosive magnesium teataent or exenne FO ‘dary inoclscm" Hoth of thee have on etre on Jrapite formation and auch peice may be esp ‘veedone in spheroidal comporiton claw to eutete igh sulfur ean contibute to wyegaion of manga: ese lie and oder segregtions whic are crown, ‘ot of sluion by the noduleng enement “Aloninvon pks anion in exar of G10 er cent reducer a segegnion of tena carbide euteion (Steet doer noe sellyexbiegrosesepregations Seep in spec alloys atch at gh ster or Fade (Gece ascii) stele whic ca show segregation. Spec prone hig copper ts ay abo show se stn if the cape Sn exces of salty Tits (sbprox 08 perceey. () Atwoinnn, Cappee oe oer alloy aiions ex ee ceing th slit init may show ra ee ting Practice 1) Caponneti gray ton an ductile roe may east gat ak of ty meg poe tir wets penes an uni ange tempo. ‘ion Implone lane of exe mong fen phty wat pce sn undesable Teel of ‘atl een Sn ation ton ee weding eer aa bv cnaponton ae coe t,o Sear of eect eng ew ot esing exo cnbon pickup at coe bapa of toe ea ras ae th eto af Fog Inne ra ton tha cron pido sy” egret thm a tidpatcds Snweeent“pertion {utdown te} Shes ec on hp iedpmclhgh leet of exbon quae ‘Noni chemi competion tue @ vari: sim ns of tater core prods yon {natn tic hen tei one mea with ee Cai cron pla ene iat bon, A Snlfinn etn ot of aif geen he cpa thargean be complied oly witha seasonal ‘ng tears svat. Eickes conging of tara cael weighing ot ingsicns of the orge realm nono Shea Soe of thse nonetonn compositions Shy extewhe esto equtlene for he (2 Mone, Meng to bot 6 foo with a [ching nea fet exci bon eq Sic or ay nl in dnc sting eee which ‘ton i sou (Stet. Nowe (0 Atoninuon. Baeasive sypeeat sts a grin Sout phenom which ay ve or sow ‘Spree’ Curclon kenya the change iowodcs Inpoitis above hei abbey Hinde whic thereby avome segegtion: @) Atagresie. Carlee mckoup of the change Ree usable an vegegting eye Spt: (0, Bros ond Branze. Led boasts not adequately {ted il show mgrgation af the lead. Te 3 Jor problem since te Ten snot in tue solution ad, ihortoe, cam segregate sale Disty or sald ales ‘cing contamination incase sopegtions ether iene ots compton cage of Beste the ipa ‘ik ane nly pally restarts by the mele (Crees tn sepegating returned Stop pees thealoy tbe melted wth incorrect nate Care {ut separation of returns is oat important fn the {Gadier produsing nove dan one composition of Us or npn. Wrong ingotor incorrect scrap charge would appear to be iexcuable careless, but Tt oo oc on action since many nonertvs charge tater ate snr i appearance and realy cot Powing Proetce (0) Pouring below the tmpertare of solubility i aoa pet cca wten lloig lements dite widely Inthtrwlubleytemperstare Cooling belore pour ing permite st component Yo come Sut of leon ‘ten thong the orginal me wa daquately blended fn alloy (©) Pouring to hot inthe ee of leaded brome pet- fri the lead to seraate ving the sodieation provens-Thme alloys mat be pour at ove tothe Eaton pote pombe and be ata immed sly belore owing Miseioa ater of cooling to slow for the composition ply to many of the peeling points. Ie aiton, there ay be vole! oldng stra coven whose tte IE heat teaser isto tty for the alloy being poe ‘lucy and the ominion of wooded el, fi fi Chapter CRUSHES, PUSH-' DescRIrTioN ssi, pisbrps and ampolls ate indentations sn he ening uric. "These deft are cme by is Ripon the mali sete de eo extn a tte. iaPfonee or weight era ail or core weakness can cause ‘ctamiiviteto thse defers dhe major cise f some Wu alone Ince ay erelessnen the ee foun" Watped equipments wel tthe obvious ‘ase wg Handling of adeqate equipment. Fina Hsuipnent and Ring nd Molding Peace causes CCusting and Potion Dosign “Thos srs cannot be dred atte to et fag dnieh Soe diane segue woustaly cure ene si sy, aie te ange tere Snes, Petter Eyspment i ute end cate ben Thee ae the {B NevetN route for eranpia rn prvees So the oe pt ing tinal for he noe sci'eer Comenly's won ie bor re ts mal Ao ge for sterol pice Tae ent BRS ce hie nea Gaus These NSH teplrtar on a ey are seed edt soe they rae hsp extn Pi SPs a plow era de doe he ome ern einen rin hf Talent dat can be de 1 Se ig mr SIN ihe tus te reat of design cating Sooke nam be fame te malig Sateen note, he poem may he 0) Fs tat comedy movie. Sach 9pm Sein Sonam te persone Nw ce dag aterm and lt, This Sion ancl moaning Shee pet Jon's stg te to wie pre 6 Ree Sh, So ccul om wom mang ieee Grom sad aking Wom pos and bus UPS AND CLAMP-OFFS ng et wrong se i hs on i areal here of eying to extand the life of eh ent too far Pines hang ean teal a ‘mounted, Duc only ster adeguat npecion, (©) Core rine not property marhed, ‘This leads 0 ‘8 of the wry are in the fou, especialy the {ob is new vo the purclar core ster who wll hate fle the ob All pate shou hase adequate telltale, ‘pecal shapes of nonsererale pints () ach of erwhing stip. Grching strips may be eguited in the case of adeqeate supporting and Detwesn the fst and he pater. The beter ape roach would eo use lg ako eloete the Ptiern io sui the avalable equipment. Crashing Sips can aloe sea to compensate for nonunion phate icine, (Gore print too small o suppor cote. This exeates ict in 'peventng a natow nek of shed om Dreing between main body of cove an the prt ts. The pie shoul be enarged on thi pe Sha suppart cove ots up ce used atte geen Sau srt to develop adoqte suppor (2) Warped or untrue pattem plate (ope end rag This welts from sing 3 pater plate which s (Goldin, too Bebe or tog eat for the aplication. Sf'stoul be replace with 3 hewver pate of Tet [Secing ibe may be so in some apptatons. (0) Excessive flesiilty of matchplte, This shoud (ehvoided or support shoul be added under the math ane ent ple Rec ‘queess prose ry ofc th problem but coud ht'io fier fees common to te van (oersion ‘suing ee) (01) Pd landing strip to high above parting ine Ses hf ene Sonding ene Ssediosand contr FR probe tally ro Tom an efor to luce pasting line runout Te may bo occur wen changing moliog practice fom sole Jmol to igh pose squeere The vena mold Tarde of hgh penute molding may requie some thio of pater equipment in over to eliminate a “sting te he psig ie, Tis ay show 2s ae, {lef of a fos sand nthe drag ter elosing, Flor Eysipmont end Rigoing () Miatignen of Post equipment, pin, and bush Pet Mtbigameat fs soak rest Of wea OF 2B Retr at pig sh be paced ny ie they falco met Inpction sing po ad nog age ‘Amon maxi tleranee rach equipment bts inh, Wene yond this ssximum cannot be toler i prctson equlpment @) Weighs too heey or wieven Such weg cx Pair ers ania the snd old nual throne ) Iuficiens bowing sunfse. lanlicene beating Gti by eeenive efi of the pattern ata the told weights wo be supposed by inadequate Shea of sande 'This rele tm compen flute 0 Harpe or nae fash int, os jn Vint Gutag tbe cpg o¢ weitng proces, TS be geultes rework ac Woking folly auras genio machining {When yon spat, the epiene should bee Vac 7 : (6) Worn stripping plate on slding machine. The Ee face sn oe mat ta vom plate cies an anien phot seul WSeaping of the ald surie ad, dian of The nd fc Clog dro ols enon Sur of au, (© Improper ting, din, of rsoked jacket ‘Thee pnt cen otro he td old Ute, the nid une aso sh wll cut TE Iam tonsa he aig ie enour may ole (0 Worm pins and basing Nor pis and oe {Mr begins, oe rove cnme bagament tie ane rag lang the oes A {he coe srt of too fD (0) Uneven, diy, on bene Zito boars, "These scene prema one baton ofthe mak Sina in pushes, Baton osm should be i sateen al ee a aoe | wen see ed ly ec naas pax tom tts ew | [1 Wet em bw Be eo a Biante oe q Co Tape re ig et Semon ors occa et | ee em a | q ( i4 en \q {AO 3 4 \ wet oo oa 4 eae ers | Fg 444 ap fa oth ot Bd ned te ting aud Risering | omng and ssring do not, by themsebres,eeate | a crush atehough mounting gate tunners too owe to the paters ix modifica of inadequate fearing diseased under Pas Hulpment nd Bigg { | @ Motaing Sond “The sand properties may contribute to all factors Jiged under Pater Eaipment ind Flask Uquipment to Rigeng, since en un il cr sone sealy {ian sro ands However, fit woul aero 0 | Reape peste for poor ep yi "Been with adoque equipment, certain san prop cer ca conte to rahe (@) Low green (Jeaite) stength may permit the fope to sag. TM low come ually nets from iy ‘exes momtave- Sor excat water pte Import in Inge Bat cope sofa 2) Low green deformation exuses the santo ctu ther tan give during ong of cope The lowe seen deformation may be the vit of ately flee molting high promo) with inadequate sk fom materia sch aay. Law pact wales da the Inoratory may’ be more fdeative than the defor tom test Tl hater ade. (9) ow ary srengh in dy sand mld may il to tpport dhe normal tate For example gommon ete yo in yt ig a of kl ‘Mh have te sippot heavy cores fn this tse the {ry sent develope me be ade to mee the demandsot the Tends impose. Core Practice {ares which oot efor to itendd mensions

    You might also like