1 Which of The Following Is The Largest Artery of The Human Body?

T E ST
General Science
QUESTIONS
SE C TI O NS
1. General Science - 300 Questions
Section 1 : General Science - 300 Questions
1 Which of the following is the largest artery of the human body?
A. Pulmonary Artery
B. Aorta
C. Coronary Artery
D. Renal Artery
Correct: +1 · Incorrect: -0.25
2 Which of the given options is known as a hard substance?
A. Fullerenes
B. Graphite
C. Silicon
D. Diamond
General Science · General Science · Questions Page 1 of 201

3 Which one of the following is used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils?
A. Iron
B. Zinc
C. Nickel
D. Aluminum
4 Name the technique by which seawater changed into portable water.
A. Distillation
B. Decantation
C. Ion Exchange
D. Desalination
5 What is the reason behind the hardness of water?
A. Due to chlorides and sulphates
B. Due to magnesium bicarbonate
C. Due to calcium bicarbonate sulphates

D. All of the above
6 What is the name of the double membrane sac that protects the human heart?
A. Pleura
B. Pericardium
C. Epicardium
D. None of the above
7 What is the reason why water is a good solvent?
A. It has a high boiling point
B. It has a high dipole moment
C. It has a high specific heat
D. It is colorless
8 Which of the given hormones regulate blood calcium and phosphate in the human body?
A. Glucagon

C. Thyroxine hormone
D. Growth Hormone
9 Which of the following glands is a ductless gland?
A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Stomach
D. Endocrine Glands
10 Which of the given instruments is used for measuring the energy distribution of a particular type of
radiation?
A. Spectrometer
B. Saccharimeter
C. Odometer
D. Salinometer
11 Which hormone is responsible for the release of milk from the mammary gland?

A. Adrenaline
B. Thyroxine
C. Progesterone
D. Oxytocin
12 The common name of Sulphur is _____________.
A. Galena
B. Freon
C. Lime
D. Brimstone
13 The property of metal by which it can be drawn into wires is called ____________.
A. Malleability
B. Viscosity
C. Ductility
D. Tensile Strength

14 What is used to prevent the freezing of fuel in space crafts?
A. Benzene
B. Ethylene Glycol
C. Acetylene
D. Ester
15 Protanopia is a kind of colour blindness, in which defected person can’t see the colour –
A. Blue
B. Yellow
C. Red
D. All of the above
16 In which of the given organisms, haemoglobin is dissolved in protoplasm?
A. Fish
B. Frog
C. Earthworm

D. Dog
17 Which of the given antibodies are formed in blood plasma?
A. Monocytes
B. Eosinophills
C. Neutrophils
D. Lymphocytes
18 Which of the following phenomena is involved in Kaleidoscope?
A. Refraction
B. Reflection
C. Total Internal Reflection
D. Diffraction
19 Which among the following determines the pitch of the sound?
A. Amplitude

C. Loudness
D. Wavelength
20 Which of the following statement is Correct?
A. All metals are solid at room temperature
B. Non-metals generally produce a ringing sound on hitting
C. The common properties of metals are malleability, ductility, and a sonorous, hard and poor
conductor of heat.
D. Some metals like Potassium and Sodium are soft and this is an exception to the physical
properties of metals
21 The percentage of carbon present in steels are ____________.
A. 10-20% Carbon
B. 0% Carbon
C. 0.1 – 2 % Carbon
D. 5 – 10% Carbon
22 Which of the following instruments is used for receiving and sending typed messages?

A. X - Ray Machine
B. Thermostat
C. Seismograph
D. Teleprinter
23 What is the term used for the synthesis of DNA?
A. Transcription
B. Translation
C. Replication
D. Amination
24 How many pairs of autosomes are present in humans?
A. 12
B. 24
C. 23
D. 22

25 In which of the following organ in the human body does the fertilisation process occur?
A. Uterus
B. Ovary
C. Vagina
D. Fallopian Tube
26 Which of the following function does not take place in absence of ribosome in a cell?
A. Respiration
B. Excretion
C. Protein Synthesis
D. Carbohydrates Synthesis
27 Which of the following cell organelles form the lysosome?
A. Nucleus
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Ribosome

D. Golgi bodies
28 In which of the following class are prokaryotes placed?
A. Monera
B. Protista
C. Arthropoda
D. Mollusca
29 The majority of the water from the indigestible food is absorbed in the _________.
A. Stomach
B. Food Pipe
C. Large Intestine
D. Liver
30 Which of the following organs is affected by the illness Cirrhosis?
A. Kidney

C. Pancreas
D. Small Intestine
31 Zeolite is
A. Hydrated Ferric Oxide
B. Hydrated Sodium Aluminum Silicate
C. Sodium Hexametaphosphate
D. Sodium Tetraborate
32 Helium is added to the oxygen supply of deep-sea divers because it is ___________.
A. Less poisonous than nitrogen
B. Lighter than nitrogen
C. Readily miscible with oxygen
D. Less soluble in blood than nitrogen at high pressure
33 Which of the following metals has the maximum thermal conductivity?

B. Aluminum
C. Silver
D. Copper
34 What are enzymes?
A. Fat
B. Sugar
C. Uric Acid
D. Protein
35 Which enzyme digests milk protein in Cattles?
A. Trypsin
B. Renin
C. Pepsin
D. All of the above

A. It is the speed of sound
B. It is the distance covered by the sound
C. It is a distance covered by the light
D. It is the speed of light
37 Which of the following is present in a maximum amount in acid rain?
A. Hydrochloric Acid
B. Sulphuric Acid
C. Nitric Acid
D. Ammonium Nitrate
38 Activated charcoal is used to remove colouring matter from pure substances by__________.
A. Bleaching
B. Adsorption
C. Oxidation
D. Reduction

39 Sodium Chloride is a product of?
A. Strong Acid and Strong Base
B. Strong acid and weak base
C. Strong base and Weak acid
D. Weak acid and Weak base
40 Phosphorus is kept in water because
A. Its ignition temperature is very high
B. Its ignition temperature is very low
C. Its critical temperature is high
D. Its critical temperature is low
41 The phenomena of nutrient enrichment of the water body are called _____________.
A. Eutrophication
B. Biomagnification
C. Invasion

D. Standing Crop
42 Dobson is the unit to measure?
A. Sound
B. Ozone layer thickness
C. Distance between different layers of atmosphere
D. Depth of the Sea
43 Molasses are good for making which of the following?
A. Alcohol
B. Urea
C. Acid
D. Paraffin
44 Which of the following is represented by the ratio of momentum and velocity of the body?
A. Displacement

C. Mass
D. Acceleration
45 The bark of which tree is used as a compliment?
A. Clove
B. Neem
C. Cinnamon
D. Palm
46 Pollination by bats is called?
A. Zoophily
B. Entomophily
C. Chiropterophily
D. Anemophily
47 Which one of the following is the largest organ of the human body?

B. Brain
C. Small Intestine
D. Skin
48 Which glands control blood pressure?
A. Parathyroid
B. Thyroid
C. Adrenal
D. Thymus
49 Which of the following connective tissue connects muscle to muscle?
A. Cartilage
B. Tendon
C. Ligaments
D. Synapse

A. Heart
B. Liver
C. Spleen
D. Lungs
51 What is the study of the blood circulatory system called?
A. Cardiology
B. Angiology
C. Hematology
D. Osteology
52 Which of the following parts of the body is called the heart’s pacemaker?
A. SA Node
B. Purkinje Fibers
C. Pulmonary Artery

53 Which one of the following is used in the treatment of blood cancer?
A. Iodine 131
B. Sodium 24
C. Phosphorus 32
D. Cobalt 60
54 Who discovered vitamins?
A. Miller and Urey
B. Casimir Funk
C. Watson and Crick
D. Gerardus Johannes Mulder
55 Which mosquito causes the Zika virus?
A. Tick transmitted Virus
B. The Varicella Zoster Virus
C. H1N1 Virus

D. It is transmitted by Aedes Mosquitoes
56 Which is not caused by viruses?
A. Chicken Pox
B. Cholera
C. Hepatitis
D. Measles
57 The immunization technique was developed by whom?
A. Louis Pasteur
B. Robert Koch
C. Edward Jenner
D. Joseph Lister
58 Ribosomes are formed of?
A. DNA and RNA

C. Protein and DNA
D. Amino Acid and Protein
59 Which of the following is NOT an example of False Fruit?
A. Apple
B. Pear
C. Banana
D. Cashew Nut
60 Which of the following chemical composition is responsible for the Kidney Stone in human body?
A. Sodium Oxalate
B. Calcium Oxalate
C. Calcium bicarbonate
D. Sodium Benzoate
61 The Fluid part of blood devoid of corpuscles is called _______________.

B. Serum
C. Tissue Fluid
D. Lymph
62 Which is the gland that holds the body's thermostat?
A. Pineal
B. Pituitary
C. Thyroid
D. Hypothalamus
63 Which of the following is the heaviest metal known?
A. Platinum
B. Indium
C. Osmium
D. Iron
64 Which of the following is/are true about blood pressure in the human body?

I. This pressure is much greater in arteries than in veins.
II. The pressure of blood during contraction is called diastolic pressure.
III. The normal systolic pressure is about 120 mm of Hg and diastolic pressure is 80 mm of Hg.
A. Only I is Correct.
B. Only I and II are Correct.
C. Only I and III are Correct.
D. All of the above are Correct.
65 Which of the following phenomena is responsible for the movement of water in plants?
A. Transpiration
B. Photosynthesis
C. Respiration
D. None
66 Within the lungs, the air- passage divides into smaller and smaller tubes which finally terminate in balloon-
like structures. These are called _______.
A. Trachea
B. Bronchi

C. Alveoli
D. Larynx
67 The life span of RBC of man is ____________.
A. 180 days
B. 120 days
C. 200 days
D. 150 days
68 Saltpetre is the common name of –
A. Sodium Nitrate
B. Potassium Nitrate
C. Sodium Nitrite
D. Potassium Nitrite
69 Which of the following gases is present in the atmosphere and can be detected by its odour?

B. Hydrogen
C. Sulphur Dioxide
D. Carbon Monoxide
70 The common name of hydrogen peroxide is _____________.
A. Borax
B. Liquid Bleach
C. Baking Soda
D. Gypsum
71 Compounds of carbon having double or triple bonds between their carbon atoms are called ___________.
A. Saturated Compounds
B. Unsaturated Compounds
C. Reactive Compounds
D. None of these

72 This substance is commonly known as alcohol and is also used in medicines such as tincture iodine, cough
syrups, and many tonics. This is __________.
A. Propanol
B. Butane
C. Ethanol
D. Methanol
73 This substance is sweet-smelling and is used in making perfumes and flavoring agents. It is called?
A. Ester
B. Sodium Ethanoate
C. Hydrogen carbonates
D. Lime water
74 Intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their own is called
A. Osmosis
B. Diffusion
C. Adsorption

D. Radiation
75 The motion of an oscillating liquid column in a U-tube is
A. Periodic but not simple harmonic
B. Non-periodic
C. Simple harmonic and time period is independent of the density of the liquid
D. Simple harmonic and time period depend on the density of the liquid
76 One-kilowatt hour is equal to –
A. 3.6 Mega Joule
B. 3.8 Mega Joule
C. 3.2 Mega Joule
D. 4.0 Mega Joule
77 On which of the following techniques photostate machine work?
A. Magnetic Image Making

C. Electrostatic Image Making
D. Electromagnetic Image Making
78 Which among the following is the fundamental quantity?
A. Volume
B. Velocity
C. Force
D. Time
79 The focal length of a convex lens is –
A. The same for all colours
B. Shorter for red light than for blue
C. Shorter for blue light than for red
D. Maximum for yellow light
80 Which compound is nitrogen converted into by nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the presence of Bio-fertilizers?

B. Ammonia
C. Nitrites
D. Nitrogenase
81 In human beings, the opening of the stomach into the small intestine is called –
A. Ileum
B. Oesophagus
C. Caecum
D. Pylorus
82 The persons working in textile factories such as carpet weavers are exposed to which of the following
occupational diseases?
A. Asbestosis
B. Silicosis
C. Siderosis
D. Byssinosis

83 Which of the following plants is not capable of manufacturing its own food?
A. Mushroom
B. Algae
C. Carrot
D. Cabbage
84 By using which one of the following techniques, is DNA fingerprinting done?
A. ELISA Test
B. WIDAL Test
C. Northern Blotting
D. Southern Blotting
85 Due to which of the following organisms Malaria is caused in the human body?
A. Virus
B. Bacteria
C. Protozoan

D. Mosquito
86 Which of the following is NOT the function of Kidney?
A. Regulation of blood pH
B. Removal of metabolic wastes from the body
C. Production of antibodies
D. Regulation of the osmotic pressure of blood
87 The chemical used for destroying Fungi in water tanks is –
A. Copper Sulphate
B. Magnesium Sulphate
C. Zinc Sulphate
D. Nitric Acid
88 Thalassemia is a hereditary disease. It affects which of the following parts?
A. Blood

C. Lungs
D. Heart
89 What does Sphygmomanometer measure?
A. Velocity of the fluids
B. Temperature of the body
C. Blood Pressure
D. Heart Beat
90 The Scientific study of Molluscs (phylum Mollusca) is called ___________.
A. Ornithology
B. Malacology
C. Entomology
D. Herpetology
91 The ending of a nerve cell used to acquire information from our environment is called –

B. Dendrite
C. Nerve Ending
D. Axon
92 Quinine is obtained from which of the following Plants?
A. Cinchona
B. Cocoa
C. Mulberry
D. Eucalyptus
93 Which of the following causes polio-myelitis?
A. Fungi
B. Virus
C. Bacteria
D.Protozoa

A. Convex lens
B. Bifocal lens
C. Concave lens
D. Cylindrical lens
95 Conversion of sound energy into electrical energy is done by –
A. Solar Cell
B. Microphone
C. Gramophone
D. Loud Speaker
96 Which of the following chemicals is found in Nail Polish remover?
A. Benzene
B. Formaldehyde
C. Acetone
D. Acetic Acid

97 Which one of the following is used in the preparation of antiseptic solution?
A. Potassium Nitrate
B. Iodine
C. Calcium Chloride
D. Potassium Chloride
98 The motion of the wheels of a bullock cart while moving on the road is an example of
A. Oscillatory and Rotatory motion
B. Translatory and rotatory motion
C. Translatory motion
D. Oscillatory and Rotatory motion
99 ‘Misch metal’ is widely used in the manufacture of which of the following?
A. Smoke Detectors
B. Cigarette Lighters
C. Emergency Lights

D. Material of shoe brake
100 What is the Jeweller’s rouge?
A. Ferric Oxide
B. Ferrous Oxide
C. Magnesium Oxide
D. Manganese Oxide
101 A metal ball and a rubber ball, both having the same mass, strike a wall normally with the same velocity.
The rubber ball rebounds and the metal ball does not rebound. It can be concluded that:
A. The rubber ball suffers a greater change in momentum
B. The metal ball suffers a greater change in momentum
C. Both suffer the same change in momentum
D. The initial momentum of the rubber ball is greater than that of the metal ball
102 Which one of the following is involved in the desalination of seawater?
A. Reverse Osmosis

B. Simple Osmosis
C. Use of Sodium Aluminum Silicate as Zeolite
D. Use of ion-selective electrodes
103 Which of the following metals are present in haemoglobin and chlorophyll, respectively?
A. Iron and Zinc
B. Zinc and Magnesium
C. Iron and Magnesium
D. Iron and Zinc
104 The motion of a body around a circular path is an example of –
A. Uniform Speed and Variable acceleration
B. Uniform speed and constant velocity
C. Uniform speed and variable velocity
D. Uniform speed only

A. Mercury
B. Manganese
C. Magnesium
D. Lead
106 Which of the following statements is true?
A. Reduction is the removal of hydrogen
B. Oxidation is the removal of hydrogen
C. Reduction is the addition of oxygen
D. Oxidation is the addition of hydrogen
107 Bakelite is a polymer which is used in the manufacturing of buckets and electrical switches. What are the
monomers of Bakelite?
A. 1, 3 Butadiene and Styrene
B. Ethylene Glycol and Terephthalic acid
C. Chloroprene
D. Phenol and Formaldehyde

108 Which of the following compounds is used by doctors to plaster and is commonly known as plaster of
Paris?
A.
B.
C.
D.
109 Which of the following metals is placed at the bottom of the reactivity series?
A. Potassium
B. Gold
C. Mercury
D. Iron
110 The Froth Floatation process is used for the metallurgy of –
A. Oxide Ore

C. Sulphate Ore
D. Chloride Ore
111 Pneumonia is a bacterial disease caused by the type of bacteria called__________.
A. Bacilli
B. Cocci
C. Spirilli
D. Vibrio
112 Early blight is a common disease seen in which of the following?
A. Potato
B. Cabbage
C. Ginger
D. Cauliflower
113 Sexual reproduction in Algae that takes place through fusion of two dissimilar size gametes is
called______________.

A. Zoospores
B. Isogamous
C. Anisogamous
D. Oogamous
114 From which part of the plant is turmeric obtained?
A. Root
B. Stem
C. Fruit
D. Flower
115 Which one of the following Vitamins can be synthesised by Liver?
A. Vitamin – A
B. Vitamin – E
C. Vitamin – K
D. Vitamin – D

116 Which of the following is a Vitamin?
A. Keratin
B. Insulin
C. Riboflavin
D. Adrenaline
117 During hibernation state, the frog respires by which of the following?
A. Only heart
B. Only Skin
C. Only Lungs
D. Air tube
118 Hypoglycemia refers to –
A. High salt concentration in blood
B. High blood sugar level
C. Low blood sugar level

D. High Blood Pressure
119 Increased RBCs in blood leads to a condition called ___________.
A. Anemia
B. Haemophilia
C. Polycythemia
D. Leukemia
120 Animals having open circulatory system possesses:
A. Haemocoel
B. Spongocoel
C. Coelenteron
D. Pseudocoel
121 Silver gets corroded due to the presence of which of the following compounds in air?
A. Oxygen

C. Carbon dioxide
D. Nitrous Oxide
122 Which one of the following chemicals are commonly used by farmers to destroy weeds?
A. DDT
B. Methyl Bromide
C. 2,4 – Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
D. Malathion
123 Which one of the following polymeric materials is used for making bullet proof jacket?
A. Nylon -6, 6
B. Kevlar
C. Rayon
D. Dacron
124 In a step-down transformer, the AC output gives the

B. Current less than the input current
C. Voltage more than the input voltage
D. Current equal to the input current
125 Which of the gas is not Known as a greenhouse gas?
A. Methane
B. Nitrous oxide
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Hydrogen
126 Which of the following organisms does not fit into the Cell Theory?
A. Bacteria
B. Fungi
C. Virus
D. Plants

A. Lysosomes
B. Plastids
C. Mitochondria
D. Cell Membrane
128 What is the effect of antigens on an ill person?
A. It increases the production of WBC.
B. It increases the production of antibodies
C. It increases the production of anti-serum against bacteria.
D. It prevents the growth of bacteria.
129 Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) is used to measure –
A. Bone Density
B. Ulcerous growth in the stomach
C. Extent of brain haemorrhage
D. Spread of solid tumour

130 Dispersion process forms a spectrum due to white light falling on a prism. The light wave with the shortest
wavelength –
A. Refracts the most
B. Does not change the path
C. Refracts the least
D. Is reflected by the side of the prism
131 Humerus bone is situated in?
A. Upper Arm
B. Thigh
C. Knee
D. Fore Arm
132 Which part of the tea plant is used for making tea?
A. Root
B. Flower
C. Leaves

D. Stem
133 The salt produced when Ethanoic acid reacts with carbonates/ hydrogen carbonates is called –
A. Sodium Chloride
B. Sodium Acetate
C. Ammonium Nitrate
134 The Periodic Law stating that ‘the properties of elements are the periodic function of their atomic masses’
was given by –
A. Dobereiner
B. Dmitri Mendeleev
C. John Newlands
D. Henry Moseley
135 What genetically modified bacterial strain, derived from natural isolates, can be employed in the
bioremediation of oil spills?
A. Agrobacterium

B. Clostridium
C. Nitrosomonas
D. Pseudomonas
136 Which of the following is an essential element used in the synthesis of proteins and other compounds?
A. Nitrogen
B. Iron
C. Magnesium
D. Phosphorous
137 Which of the following is true about the digestion process of the Paramecium?
1. Food is moved to the specific spot by the movement of cilia.
2. Cilia is present only at the front and back of the organism.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
A. Only 1 is Correct.
B. Only 2 is Correct.
C. Both 1 and 2 are Correct.

138 The food that is going to enter the small intestine from the stomach is acidic in nature and has to be alkaline
for the pancreatic enzymes to act. Which is the organ that accomplishes?
A. Oesophagus
B. Large Intestine
C. Liver
D. Pancreas
139 Consider the following statements:
1. Villi are present in the walls of the small intestine.
2. They contain numerous blood vessels which take the absorbed food to every cell of the body.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
A. Only 1 is Correct.
B. Only 2 is Correct
C. Both 1 and 2 are Correct
D. Neither 1 nor 2 is Correct.
140 The resistance of a conductor ________ and a semiconductor _________ on heating.
A. Increases, Decreases

B. Increases, Increases
C. Decreases, Increases
D. Decreases, Decreases
141 The direction of the magnetic field inside a magnet is –
A. North – South
B. South – North
C. It can be either way
D. Some are north to South and Some are South to north
142 Which of the following is an alpha particle which is emitted in radioactivity?
A. Helium Atom
B. Deuterium Atom
C. Hydrogen Atom
D. Lithium Atom

A. A Parabola
B. A hyperbola
C. A Straight Line
D. An Ellipse
144 How is a Voltmeter connected in a circuit?
A. Parallel
B. Series
C. Can be connected either in parallel or in series
145 Why does the needle of iron swim on water's surface when it is kept gently?
A. It will remain under the water, when it will displace more than its weight
B. The more density of needle is less than that of water
C. Due to surface tension
D. Due to its change

146 Radioactive decay of Uranium resulted the formation of final product –
A. Radium
B. Polonium
C. Lead
D. Thorium
147 In which vertebrate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood gets mixed?
A. Fish
B. Bird
C. Amphibian
D. Mammals
148 Myrmecology is the study of –
A. Insects
B. Ants
C. Crustaceans

D. Arthropods
149 Which of the following organism possesses characteristics of a plant and an animal?
A. Paramecium
B. Mycoplasma
C. Chlorella
D. Euglena
150 The disease caused by asbestos is:
A. Asbestosis
B. Paralysis
C. Diarrhoea
D. Dysentery
151 What is the effect of rise of temperature on the time period of a simple pendulum?
A. Increases

C. May increase or decrease
D. Has no relationship
152 Impulse has the same unit as that of:
A. Mass
B. Force
C. Linear Momentum
D. Energy
153 Which form of Nitrogen is taken by the producers of the ecosystem?
A. Nitrogen gas
B. Ammonia
C. Nitrates
D. Nitrites
154 Amoeba belongs to the phylum –

B. Annelida
C. Porifera
D. Mollusca
155 If the velocity of an object is doubled then its K.E becomes:
A. Double
B. Four Times
C. Sixteen Times
D. Constant
156 How many groups of p-block elements are there in the periodic table?
A. 6
B. 8
C. 2
D. 4

A. Alloying helps in improving the properties of a metal
B. An alloy is a heterogeneous mixture of two or more metals
C. The melting point of an alloy is less than that of pure metals
D. All of the above
158 Atoms having the same number of neutrons but different number of electrons or protons are called –
A. Isotopes
B. Isotones
C. Allotropes
D. Isobars
159 The longitudinal mechanical waves of less than 20 Hz are called –
A. Ultrasonic Waves
B. Infrasonic Waves
C. Sonic Waves
D. Infrared Waves

160 The temperature at which two or more than two types of crystals exist in equilibrium is called:
A. A. Melting Point Temperature
B. Transition Temperature
C. Boiling Point Temperature
161 The tube between the kidney and the urinary bladder is:
A. Urethra
B. Ureter
C. Renal Tubule
D. Nephrons
162 The total energy of a revolving electron in an atom
A. Can never be positive
B. Can have any value above zero
C. Will always be positive

D. Cannot be negative
163 Curie point is the temperature at which –
A. Matter becomes radioactive
B. Metal loses Magnetic properties
C. Metal loses conductivity
D. Transmutation of metal occurs
164 Which of the following is not a Plastid?
A. Chloroplast
B. Chromoplast
C. Leucoplast
D. Tonoplast
165 Azolla increases the soil fertility for –
A. Maize Cultivation

C. Barley Cultivation
D. Wheat Cultivation
166 Oysters belong to the phylum ______________.
A. Arthropoda
B. Annelida
C. Mollusca
D. Platyhelminthes
167 In the human body, fats are stored in which of the following?
A. Epidermis
B. Adipose Tissue
C. Liver
D. Epithelium
168 Which of the following is NOT a component of human Blood?

B. Leucocytes
C. Thrombocytes
D. Mycoplasma
169 Which of the following is NOT correctly matched?
A. Vitamin B6 ------------------- Pyridoxine
B. Vitamin C ------------------- Ascorbic Acid
C. Vitamin E ------------------- Alpha Tocopherol
D. Vitamin D ------------------ Phylloquinone
170 Which Vitamin deficiency causes the disease Pernicious Anaemia?
A. Vitamin – A
B. Vitamin – D
C. Vitamin – B-12
D. Vitamin – C

A. Night blindness
B. Marasmus
C. Pellagra
D. Rickets
172 The soft Silvery Metallic element that ionizes easily when heated or exposed to light and is present in
atomic clocks is –
A. Californium
B. Selenium
C. Cesium
D. Molybdenum
173 Which of the following elements is a liquid at room temperature?
A. Phosphorous
B. Mercury
C. Sodium
D. Aluminum

174 Which of the following statements is false?
A. Radon is obtained from the decay of radium.
B. Helium is an inert gas.
C. Xenon is the most reactive among the rare gases.
D. The most abundant rare gas found in the atmosphere is Radon.
175 Air bladder in Fish acts as –
A. Accessory respiratory organ
B. Hydrostatic organ
C. Both accessory as well as hydrostatic respiratory organ
D. Primary respiratory organ
176 Which among the following living beings has a respiratory organ but does not have a brain?
A. Crab
B. Starfish

D. Silver Fish
177 In which of the following part of the cell does the pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide, water
and energy?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Mitochondria
C. Chloroplast
D. Nucleus
178 Which of the following is a Cold-blooded animal?
A. Pigeon
B. Tortoise
C. Fox
D. Goat
179 The speed of sound in a gas is proportional to
A. Square root of isothermal elasticity

B. Square root of adiabatic elasticity
C. Isothermal elasticity
D. Adiabatic elasticity
180 Root nodules are commonly found in –
A. Parasitic Plants
B. Epiphytic Plants
C. Leguminous Plants
D. Aquatic Plants
181 What is the chromosomal condition of a zygote developing into a male?
A. Male Chromosome X and Female chromosome X
B. Male Chromosome Y and Female chromosome X
C. Male Chromosome Y and Female chromosome Y
D. Male Chromosome X and Female chromosome Y

182 When the speed of the car is doubled, then what will be the braking force of the car to stop it in the same
distance?
A. Four times
B. Two times
C. Half
D. One-fourth
183 The swing of a spinning cricket ball in air can be explained on the basis of
A. Sudden Change in wind direction
B. Buoyancy of air
C. Turbulence caused by wind
D. Pascal’s Law
184 Glucose is stored in which of the following forms in animals?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Glycogen
C. Protein

D. Amino Acid
185 Which of the following blood components does not have a nucleus?
A. RBC
B. WBC
C. None
D. All of the above
186 Gobar gas is made of which of the following?
A. Methane, Carbon dioxide and Hydrogen
B. Hydrogen, Methane and Nitrogen
C. Carbon monoxide and Nitrogen
D. Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen
187 Which of the following is NOT a constituent of Stainless Steel?
A. Iron

C. Aluminum
D. Chromium
188 Human saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase that breaks down starch to give sugar. It is
present in the mouth. There is another area which uses this enzyme. Which of the following is it?
A. Large Intestine
B. Small Intestine
C. Liver
D. Pancreas
189 The site where complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats takes place is called:
A. Liver
B. Small Intestine
C. Stomach
D. Large Intestine
190 Which of the following forces holds protons and neutrons inside the nucleus of an atom?

A. Gravitational Force
B. Electromagnetic Force
C. Strong Nuclear Force
D. Weak Nuclear Force
191 What happens to your weight when you are in a lift which goes down?
A. Decreases
B. Increases
C. Decreases and then increases
D. Increases and then decreases
192 Which of the following is not an ore of aluminium?
A. Dolomite
B. Bauxite
C. Feldspar
D. Cryolite

193 Momentum of an object depends on which factors?
1. Mass of the object
2. Speed of the object
3. Volume of the object
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1,2 and 3 only
194 Which of the following is true regarding the periodic table?
A. As we move down the group the size of an atom decreases
B. As we move across the table, the size of an atom increases
C. As we move down the group, electronegativity increases
D. As we move across the table, electronegativity increases
195 Which of the following is NOT an algae?
A. Anabena

C. Ferns
D. Fucus
196 The poisoning of which of the following elements causes Minamata disease?
A. Lead
B. Mercury
C. Iron
D. Cadmium
197 Which of the following animals breathes through both skin and lungs?
A. Crocodile
B. Frog
C. Fish
D. Earthworm
198 To which of the following kingdoms do prokaryotic bacteria and blue algae belong to?

B. Protista
C. Fungi
D. Plantae
199 The colour of the skin is defined mainly by the presence of which of the following component?
A. Melanin
B. Proteinaceous
C. Polyene enolates
D. Rhodopsin
200 Which of the following is a warm-blooded animal?
A. Whale
B. Frog
C. Snake
D. Fish

A. Atomic Absorption
B. Electron Absorption
C. Atomic Emission
D. Electron Emission
202 Which of the following consist of protoplasm?
A. Nucleus + Cytoplasm
B. Liquid substance present in the nucleus – nucleoplasm
C. Ribosomes + Nucleus
D. Mitochondria + Nucleus
203 Which of the following is an example of osmosis?
A. Cigarette smoke in the air
B. Carbon Dioxide entering the stomata of leaves
C. Absorption of water by plant roots
D. Oxygen diffusing out of the stomata of leaves

204 Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
A. Vitamin – B12
B. Vitamin – A
C. Vitamin – D
D. Vitamin – K
205 In Eukaryotic cells synthesis of RNA takes place in the ___________.
A. Mitochondria
B. Centrioles
C. Ribosomes
D. Nucleus
206 The leaves of a plant fall because of the presence of which of the following hormone?
A. Auxin
B. Gibberellin
C. Abscisic Acid

D. Ethylene
207 Which of the following is the causative organism for syphilis?
A. Virus
B. Bacteria
C. Protozoa
D. Fungus
208 The transport of soluble products of photosynthesis occurs in which part of the vascular tissue?
A. Xylem
B. Phloem
C. Tracheids
D. All of the above
209 Growth hormone regulates the growth and development of the body. If there is a deficiency of this hormone
in our body, it leads to dwarfism. What is the gland responsible for the secretion of growth hormone?
A. Thyroid Gland

B. Adrenal Gland
C. Pineal Gland
D. Pituitary Gland
210 Consider the following statements regarding respect of the thyroid gland.
1. It is situated in the neck.
2. It is vital to maintain normal body temperature.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
211 The floral part that receives pollen grains during pollination is:
A. Ovary
B. Style
C. Stigma

212 The SI unit of intensity of sound is __________.
A. Watt per Square meter
B. Joule per Square meter
C. Newton per Square meter
D. A. Tesla per Square meter
213 Which mixture of metal is used in the Gunmetal?
A. Copper, Tin, Zinc
B. Copper, Lead, Gold
C. Copper, Zinc, Lead
D. Copper, Iron, Nickel
214 The photoelectric effect is described as the ejection of electrons from the surface of a metal when:
A. It is heated
B. It is placed in the strong electric field

D. Light of suitable wavelength falls on it.
215 When two ice cubes are pressed together, they join to form one cube. Which one of the following helps to
hold them together?
A. Hydrogen bond formation
B. Vander waals forces
C. Covalent attraction
D. A. Dipole interaction
216 Lockjaw is the last phase of which of the following diseases?
A. Diphtheria
B. Tetanus
C. Typhoid
D. Chikungunya
217 The ability to distinguish two closely placed objects is _________.
A. Resolving Power

B. Video Power
C. Distinguish Power
D. Magnifying Power
218 Which type of mirror is used by dentists to see large images of teeth?
A. Concave Mirror
B. Convex Mirror
C. Plane Mirror
D. Cylindrical Mirror
219 Deficiency of which vitamin causes Beri-Beri?
A. Vitamin – B12
B. Vitamin – B1
C. Vitamin – B2
D. Vitamin – K

A. Angle of incidence is greater than the angle of reflection
B. Angle of incidence is smaller than the angle of reflection
C. Angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection
D. Both angles are always unequal
221 What is the reason for the formation of Mirage in the desert?
A. Refraction of Light
B. Reflection of light
C. Total internal reflection of light
D. Both Refraction and Total internal reflection
222 The velocity of sound in moist air is more in dry air because the moist air has:
A. Less pressure than dry air
B. More density than dry air
C. Less density than dry air
D. More pressure than dry air

223 The Doppler’s effect is applicable for:
A. Light Wave
B. Sound Wave
C. Both A and B
D. Space Wave
224 If the velocity-time graph of a particle is represented by y = mt + c, then the particle is moving with
A. Constant Speed
B. Constant Velocity
C. Constant Acceleration
D. Varying Acceleration
225 The genetic disorder that occurs due to an additional chromosome added to 21st autosomal chromosome
and results into mental retardness, eyes protruded an irregular physical structure. What is this genetic
disorder called?
A. Ketonuria
B. Hemophilia

C. Turner’s Syndrome
D. Down’s Syndrome
226 Auxin is a plant hormone which plays the following role?
A. Flowering
B. Ripening of the fruits
C. Controls the plant growth
D. Inhibits the growth of the plants
227 Blood groups are of four types based on the presence of which of the following?
A. Antigens
B. Antibodies
C. Platelets
D. Red Blood Corpuscles
228 Where is bile juice secreted in the human body?

B. Small Intestine
C. Gall Bladder
D. Liver
229 Which of the following is NOT a popular HCl (Hydrochloric acid) use?
A. Pickling Agent
B. Bathroom Cleaner
C. Leather Tanning
D. Manufacturing of Alum
230 Which of the following is used in the Vulcanization of rubber?
A. Silica
B. Sulphur
C. Iodine
D. Sodium

A. Olfactory Receptors
B. Gustatory Receptors
C. Nerve Cell receptors
D. Thermoreceptors
232 Information from one neuron flows to another neuron across a ________?
A. Axon
B. Dendrite
C. Synapse
D. All of the above
233 Which part of the nervous system facilitates communication between the central nervous system and the
rest of the body?
A. Autonomic Nervous System
B. Peripheral Nervous System
C. Sympathetic Nervous System
D. Central Nervous System

234 The part of the brain responsible for maintaining balance like walking in a straight line or riding a bicycle is
called
A. Medulla Oblongata
B. Pituitary Gland
C. Cerebellum
D. Cerebrum
235 Which of the following is/are true about the functions of blood in the human body?
I. It consists of a fluid medium called plasma which transports oxygen.
II. It contains red blood cells that transport food and nitrogenous wastes.
III. Blood makes up around 7% of the weight of a human body.
A. Only I and II
B. Only II and III
C. Only III
D. All are correct
236 Which of the following statements is/are correct?
I. In vertebrates, blood flows twice through the heart in each cycle.

II. Amphibians and many reptiles have three-chambered hearts.
III. Fishes have only two chambers to their hearts.
A. Only II and III
B. Only I and III
C. Only I and II
D. All of the above
237 Which of the following moves/transports water and mineral from the soil to other parts of the plants?
A. Xylem
B. Phloem
C. Roots
D. Chlorophyll
238 The site where complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats takes place is called:
A. Liver
B. Stomach

D. Large Intestine
239 Which of the following is/are true about ‘Villi’?
I. They are present in the walls of the small intestine.
II. They contain numerous blood vessels which take the absorbed food to every cell of the body.
III. They increase the surface area for absorption.
A. Only I and II are Correct.
B. Only II and III are Correct.
C. Only I and III are Correct.
D. All are the above
240 Iron has 26 protons in the nucleus. What is the number of electrons in (II) ion?
A. 28
B. 24
C. 26
D. 30

241 Two strands of DNA - are held together by
(a) hydrogen bonds
(b) covalent bonds
(c) electrostatic force
(d) vander Waals' forces
242 Two layers of a cloth of equal thickness provide warmer covering than a single layer of
cloth with double the thickness. Why?
(a) Because of the air encapsulated between two layers
(b) Since effective thickness of two layers is more
(c) Fabric of the cloth plays the role
(d) Weaving of the cloth plays the role
243 Which one of the following elements is present in green pigment of leaf?
(a) Magnesium
(b) Phosphorus

(c) Iron
(d) Calcium
244 Which one among the following waves bats use to detect the obstacles in their flying path?
(a) Infrared waves
(b) Electromagnetic waves
(c) Ultrasonic waves
(d) Radio waves
245 Leprosy is caused by
virus
bacteria
protozoa
retrovirus
246 The gas which is released from landfills and dumpsites in urban areas is :

(a) Oxygen
(b) Methane
(c) Nitrogen
(d) Carbon dioxide
247 The only snake which builds a nest is :
(a) King Cobra
(b) Viper
(c) Krait
(d) Python
248 Which one among the following is not a form of carbon?
(a) Graphene
(b) Graphite
(c) Fullerene

249 Which one among the following industries uses Bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Steel
(b) Electronics
(c) Aluminium
(d) Information technology
250 During the production of Yoghurt from Milk, the system is found to produce
(a) Citric acid
(b) Lactic acid
(c) Formic acid
(d) Acetic acid
251 Diamond Ring, God’s Eye and Baily’s Beads are the parts of which one among the
following natural phenomena?
(a) Solar eclipse
(b) Aurora

(c) Lightning
(d) Solar storm
252 Natural gas is a mixture of gases and contains mainly
(a) methane and higher hydrocarbons
(b) butane and isobutene
(c) methane only
(d) methane, hydrogen and NOx
253 Indicate the proper order of steps in the nutrition process.
(a) Digestion - Assimilation - Absorption - Egestion
(b) Digestion - Absorption - Assimilation - Egestion
(c) Absorption - Assimilation - Egestion - Digestion
(d) Assimilation - Absorption - Digestion - Egestion
254 Minerals are deposited and accumulated in

(a) sedimentary rocks
(b) metamorphic rocks
(c) igneous rocks
(d) None of the above
255 Nosocomial infection is
(a) acquired from ‘nose’ of humans
(b) acquired from nasal cavity of animals
(c) hospital acquired
(d) an endemic disease
256 Which one among the following is not responsible for ‘green house effect’?
(a) Water
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Nitrogen

257 Which one among the following statements correctly defines the term Bio-fortification ?
(a) Enrichment of the nutrient quality of the soil using biological agents
(b) Breeding crops to increase their nutritional values
(c) Increase of organo-metallic compounds in the organism through energy flow in an

ecosystem
(d) Adoption of genetic variable plants for breeding of high yielding varieties
258 EEG is an index of functioning of :
(a) Heart
(b) Brain
(c) Liver
(d) Kidney
259 The chemical(s) most commonly used for cloud seeding or for the artificial rain is/ are :
(a) Silver iodide
(b) Silver chloride

(c) Silver bromide
(d) All of the above
260 The compound used as a preservative in food products such as tomato ketchup and fruit
juices is :
(a) Sodium acetate
(b) Sodium benzoate
(c) Formic acid
(d) Sodium salicylate
261 Which one of the following animals is cold-blooded?
(a) Dolphin
(b) Shark
(c) Whale
(d) Porpoise

(a) Ferns
(b) Mentha
(c) Lichens
(d) Hornworts
263 Which of the following waves are also called as heat waves?
[A] UV rays
[B] X-rays
[C] Infrared
[D] Micro waves
264 Which of the following waves is absorbed by the ozone layer present in the atmosphere?
[A] Gamma
[B] Visible
[C] Radio

265 Which of the following metals is mostly used for filaments of electric bulbs?
[A] Copper
[B] Silver
[C] Nickel
[D] Tungsten
266 What is dry ice?
[A] solidified form of Carbon dioxide
[B] frozen heavy water
[C] isotope of Hydrogen
[D] popular name of Benzene
267 Which of the following techniques can be used to separate cream from milk?
[A] Filtration
[B] Distillation

[C] Centrifugation
[D] Chromatography
268 Which among the following has lowest electron affinity?
[A] Fluorine
[B] Chlorine
[C] Bromine
[D] Argon
269 What is the nature of antacid?
[A] Acidic
[B] Basic
[C] Neutral
[D] Highly Acidic
270 Fibre optics work on which principle?

[A] scattering of light
[B] total internal absorption
[C] total internal reflection
[D] optical rotation
271 The wave which is used for the communication of artificial satellites is ___________.
A. Radio waves
B. Microwaves
C. X-Ray
D. Ultraviolet waves
272 What is the reason behind the spreading of oil drops over the water?
A. Oil is lighter than water
B. Surface tension of oil is much lesser than that of water
C. Oil is more viscous
D. Oil does not dissolve in water

273 What does the acronym "LASER" stand for?
A. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
B. Laser Amplification by Spontaneous Emission of Radiation
C. Light Absorption through Stimulated Emission and Reflection
D. Laser Amplification through Spontaneous Emission and Reflection
274 Aqua Regia is a mixture of concentrated Nitric Acid and hydrochloric acid. It contains________________.
A. 3 Parts of Concentrated HCl acid and 1 Part of Concentrated Nitric Acid
B. 2 Parts of Concentrated HCl acid and 1 Part of Concentrated Nitric Acid
C. 1 Part of Concentrated HCl acid and 3 Parts of Concentrated Nitric Acid
D. 2 Parts of Concentrated HCl acid and 3 Parts of Concentrated Nitric Acid
275 Which force propels the aircraft through the air?
A. Gravitational Force
B. Thrust Force

D. Drag Force
276 Heavy Water which is used as a coolant in Nuclear Reactor is __________________.
A. Water having heavy isotopes of Hydrogen
B. Water having heavy metals
C. Water rich in minerals
D. Distilled Water
277 On which of the following principle does the Hydrogen bomb works?
A. Controlled Nuclear Fusion
B. Uncontrolled Nuclear Fusion
C. Controlled Nuclear Fission
D. Uncontrolled Nuclear Fission
278 Which of the following is an example of an Alkali Metal?
A. Magnesium

C. Barium
D. Potassium
279 The phenomenon of Total Internal Reflection is used in which of the following optical instrument?
A. Telescope
B. Microscope
C. Optical Fiber
D. Prism
280 Which of the following is a dimensionless quantity?
A. Stress
B. Strain
C. Torque
D. Angular Momentum
281 Why are the nights cooler in the deserts as compared to the plains?

B. Sand radiates heat more quickly than the earth
C. The sky remains clear most of the time
D. Decreased air pollution in the deserts
282 Which of the following instrument is used to measure the presence of current in the circuit?
A. Galvanometer
B. Voltmeter
C. Odometer
D. Hygrometer
283 The phenomenon where light rays separate into different colours due to their different wavelengths is
called:
A. Scattering of light
B. Dispersion of light
C. Reflection of light
D. Refraction of light

284 Which of the following type of mirrors is used in the headlamps of cars?
A. Plane Mirror
B. Convex Mirror
C. Parabolic Concave Mirror
D. Spherical Concave Mirror
285 Which of the following layers of the atmosphere reflects the radio waves?
A. Stratosphere
B. Troposphere
C. Mesosphere
D. Ionosphere
286 Which of the following compound is used in the powder to prevent excessive sweating during summer?
A. Phosphoric Acid
B. Muriatic Acid
C. Boric Acid

D. Carbolic Acid
287 Which of the following phenomenon helps the insects to walk on the surface of the water?
A. Atmospheric Pressure
B. Viscosity
C. Surface Tension
D. Capillary Action
288 Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?
A. In a neutral atom, the total number of neutrons and protons is always equal
B. In an atom, the proton is relatively heavier than the electron
C. The total number of electrons and protons in an atom is always equal
D. The total number of electrons in any energy level can be calculated by the formula
289 Which of the following laws state that the orbits of the planets are ellipses, with the Sun at one focus of the
ellipse?
A. Kepler’s First law

B. Kepler’s Second law
C. Kepler’s Third law
290 Who Discovered Electron?
(A) J J Thomson
(B) Niels Bohr
(C) Chadwick
(D) Rutherford
291 Which of the following features is found in Eukaryotic cells but not in Prokaryotic cells?
A. Membrane Bound Organelles
B. Cell Membrane
C. DNA
D. Ribosomes

A. Cellulose
B. Starch
C. Rayon
D. Chitin
293 Which organelle, apart from the nucleus, contains DNA in the cell?
A. Golgi Apparatus
B. Mitochondria
C. Centrioles
D. Ribosomes
294 Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble Vitamin?
A. Vitamin – A
B. Vitamin – B
C. Vitamin – D
D. Vitamin – K

295 Which of the following Vitamins and their chemical names is NOT correctly matched?
A. Vitamin – B1 ------------------- Thiamine
B. Vitamin – B2 ------------------- Cyanocobalamin
C. Vitamin – B3 ------------------- Niacin
D. Vitamin – B6 ------------------- Pyridoxine
296 Which of the following elements is responsible for the rigidity of the teeth of the human body?
A. Calcium
B. Phosphorus
C. Fluorine
D. Sodium
297 Which of the following pigments is found in Tomato?
A. Anthocyanin Pigment
B. Betalene Pigment
C. Xanthocyanin pigment

D. Lycopene Pigment
298 Which of the following is known as the powerhouse of a cell?
A) Mitochondria
B) Cytoplasm
C) Lysosome
D) Nuclei
299 Which of the following is known as the suicide bag of a cell?
A) Mitochondria
B) Golgi Complex
C) Lysosome
D) Nuclei
300 Which of the following cell organelle is responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins
and lipids?
A) Mitochondria

B) Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Golgi Complex
D) DNA

TEST
General Science
ANSWERS
SECTIONS
1 B. Aorta
2 D. Diamond
3 C. Nickel
4 D. Desalination
5 D. All of the above
6 B. Pericardium
7 B. It has a high dipole moment
8 B. Parathyroid hormone
9 D. Endocrine Glands
10 A. Spectrometer
11 D. Oxytocin
General Science · General Science · Answers Page 112 of 201

12 D. Brimstone
13 C. Ductility
14 B. Ethylene Glycol
15 C. Red
16 C. Earthworm
17 D. Lymphocytes
18 B. Reflection
19 B. Frequency
20 D. Some metals like Potassium and Sodium are soft and this is an exception to the physical properties of metals
21 C. 0.1 – 2 % Carbon
22 D. Teleprinter
23 C. Replication
24 D. 22
25 D. Fallopian Tube
26 C. Protein Synthesis

27 D. Golgi bodies
28 A. Monera
29 C. Large Intestine
30 B. Liver
31 B. Hydrated Sodium Aluminum Silicate
32 D. Less soluble in blood than nitrogen at high pressure
33 C. Silver
34 D. Protein
35 B. Renin
36 C. It is a distance covered by the light
37 B. Sulphuric Acid
38 B. Adsorption
39 A. Strong Acid and Strong Base
40 B. Its ignition temperature is very low
41 A. Eutrophication

42 B. Ozone layer thickness
43 A. Alcohol
44 C. Mass
45 C. Cinnamon
46 C. Chiropterophily
47 D. Skin
48 C. Adrenal
49 B. Tendon
50 C. Spleen
51 B. Angiology
52 A. SA Node
53 D. Cobalt 60
54 B. Casimir Funk
55 D. It is transmitted by Aedes Mosquitoes
56 B. Cholera

57 C. Edward Jenner
58 B. RNA and Protein
59 C. Banana
60 B. Calcium Oxalate
61 A. Plasma
62 D. Hypothalamus
63 C. Osmium
64 C. Only I and III are Correct.
65 A. Transpiration
66 C. Alveoli
67 B. 120 days
68 B. Potassium Nitrate
69 C. Sulphur Dioxide
70 B. Liquid Bleach
71 B. Unsaturated Compounds

72 C. Ethanol
73 A. Ester
74 B. Diffusion
75 C. Simple harmonic and time period is independent of the density of the liquid
76 A. 3.6 Mega Joule
77 C. Electrostatic Image Making
78 D. Time
79 C. Shorter for blue light than for red
80 B. Ammonia
81 D. Pylorus
82 D. Byssinosis
83 A. Mushroom
84 D. Southern Blotting
85 C. Protozoan
86 C. Production of antibodies

87 A. Copper Sulphate
88 A. Blood
89 C. Blood Pressure
90 B. Malacology
91 B. Dendrite
92 A. Cinchona
93 B. Virus
94 A. Convex lens
95 B. Microphone
96 C. Acetone
97 B. Iodine
98 B. Translatory and rotatory motion
99 B. Cigarette Lighters
100 A. Ferric Oxide
101 A. The rubber ball suffers a greater change in momentum

102 A. Reverse Osmosis
103 C. Iron and Magnesium
104 A. Uniform Speed and Variable acceleration
105 B. Manganese
106 B. Oxidation is the removal of hydrogen
107 D. Phenol and Formaldehyde
108 A.
109 B. Gold
110 B. Sulphide Ore
111 B. Cocci
112 A. Potato
113 C. Anisogamous
114 B. Stem
115 C. Vitamin – K
116 C. Riboflavin

117 B. Only Skin
118 C. Low blood sugar level
119 C. Polycythemia
120 A. Haemocoel
121 B. Hydrogen Sulphide
122 C. 2,4 – Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
123 B. Kevlar
124 A. Current more than the input current
125 D. Hydrogen
126 C. Virus
127 B. Plastids
128 B. It increases the production of antibodies
129 A. Bone Density
130 A. Refracts the most
131 A. Upper Arm

132 C. Leaves
133 B. Sodium Acetate
134 B. Dmitri Mendeleev
135 D. Pseudomonas
136 A. Nitrogen
137 A. Only 1 is Correct.
138 C. Liver
139 C. Both 1 and 2 are Correct
140 A. Increases, Decreases
141 B. South – North
142 A. Helium Atom
143 C. A Straight Line
144 A. Parallel
145 C. Due to surface tension
146 C. Lead

147 C. Amphibian
148 B. Ants
149 D. Euglena
150 A. Asbestosis
151 A. Increases
152 C. Linear Momentum
153 C. Nitrates
154 A. Protozoa
155 B. Four Times
156 A. 6
157 B. An alloy is a heterogeneous mixture of two or more metals
158 B. Isotones
159 B. Infrasonic Waves
160 B. Transition Temperature
161 B. Ureter

162 A. Can never be positive
163 B. Metal loses Magnetic properties
164 D. Tonoplast
165 B. Rice Cultivation
166 C. Mollusca
167 B. Adipose Tissue
168 D. Mycoplasma
169 D. Vitamin D ------------------ Phylloquinone
170 C. Vitamin – B-12
171 C. Pellagra
172 C. Cesium
173 B. Mercury
174 D. The most abundant rare gas found in the atmosphere is Radon.
175 B. Hydrostatic organ
176 B. Starfish

177 B. Mitochondria
178 B. Tortoise
179 B. Square root of adiabatic elasticity
180 C. Leguminous Plants
181 B. Male Chromosome Y and Female chromosome X
182 A. Four times
183 C. Turbulence caused by wind
184 B. Glycogen
185 A. RBC
186 A. Methane, Carbon dioxide and Hydrogen
187 C. Aluminum
188 D. Pancreas
189 B. Small Intestine
190 C. Strong Nuclear Force
191 A. Decreases

192 A. Dolomite
193 B. 1 and 2 only
194 D. As we move across the table, electronegativity increases
195 C. Ferns
196 B. Mercury
197 B. Frog
198 A. Monera
199 A. Melanin
200 A. Whale
201 C. Atomic Emission
202 A. Nucleus + Cytoplasm
203 C. Absorption of water by plant roots
204 A. Vitamin – B12
205 D. Nucleus
206 D. Ethylene

207 B. Bacteria
208 B. Phloem
209 D. Pituitary Gland
210 C. Both 1 and 2
211 C. Stigma
212 A. Watt per Square meter
213 A. Copper, Tin, Zinc
214 D. Light of suitable wavelength falls on it.
215 A. Hydrogen bond formation
216 B. Tetanus
217 A. Resolving Power
218 A. Concave Mirror
219 B. Vitamin – B1
220 C. Angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection
221 D. Both Refraction and Total internal reflection

222 C. Less density than dry air
223 C. Both A and B
224 C. Constant Acceleration
225 D. Down’s Syndrome
226 C. Controls the plant growth
227 A. Antigens
228 D. Liver
229 D. Manufacturing of Alum
230 B. Sulphur
231 B. Gustatory Receptors
232 C. Synapse
233 B. Peripheral Nervous System
234 C. Cerebellum
235 C. Only III
236 D. All of the above

237 A. Xylem
238 C. Small Intestine
239 D. All are the above
240 B. 24
241 (a) hydrogen bonds
242 (a) Because of the air encapsulated between two layers
243 (a) Magnesium
244 (c) Ultrasonic waves
245 bacteria
246 (b) Methane
247 (a) King Cobra
248 (d) Quartz
249 (c) Aluminium
250 (b) Lactic acid
(a) Solar eclipse

252 (a) methane and higher hydrocarbons
253 (b) Digestion - Absorption - Assimilation - Egestion
254 (a) sedimentary rocks
255 (c) hospital acquired
256 (c) Nitrogen
257 (b) Breeding crops to increase their nutritional values
258 (b) Brain
259 (a) Silver iodide
260 (b) Sodium benzoate
261 (b) Shark
262 (c) Lichens
263 [C] Infrared
264 [D] Ultra violet
265 [D] Tungsten

266 [A] solidified form of Carbon dioxide
267 [C] Centrifugation
268 [D] Argon
269 [B] Basic
270 [C] total internal reflection
271 A. Radio waves
272 B. Surface tension of oil is much lesser than that of water
273 A. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
274 A. 3 Parts of Concentrated HCl acid and 1 Part of Concentrated Nitric Acid
275 B. Thrust Force
276 A. Water having heavy isotopes of Hydrogen
277 B. Uncontrolled Nuclear Fusion
278 D. Potassium
279 C. Optical Fiber
280 B. Strain

281 B. Sand radiates heat more quickly than the earth
282 A. Galvanometer
283 B. Dispersion of light
284 C. Parabolic Concave Mirror
285 D. Ionosphere
286 C. Boric Acid
287 C. Surface Tension
288 A. In a neutral atom, the total number of neutrons and protons is always equal
289 A. Kepler’s First law
290 (A) J J Thomson
291 A. Membrane Bound Organelles
292 D. Chitin
293 B. Mitochondria
294 B. Vitamin – B
295 B. Vitamin – B2 ------------------- Cyanocobalamin

296 A. Calcium
297 D. Lycopene Pigment
298 A) Mitochondria
299 C) Lysosome
300 C) Golgi Complex

TEST
General Science
SOLUTIONS
SECTIONS
v The Aorta is the largest artery of the human body. Its primary function is transporting blood from
our heart to the rest of the body.
v The heart’s muscles receive oxygenated blood from the coronary arteries.
v A heart attack is brought on by any obstruction in the coronary arteries.
v Deoxygenated blood is delivered to the lungs by the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle.
Hence, option (B) is Correct.
v Diamond is a hard substance due to its unique atomic structure, where each carbon atom is
bonded to four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement.
v This strong and rigid bonding gives a diamond its exceptional hardness, making it one of the
hardest naturally occurring materials.
Hence, option (D) is Correct.
v Nickel is commonly used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils.
v Hydrogenation is a chemical process in which hydrogen gas is added to unsaturated fats or oils,
turning them into saturated fats. This process is often used to convert liquid vegetable oils into
solid or semi-solid fats for various food applications, such as the production of margarine.
Hence, option (C) is Correct.
General Science · General Science · Solutions Page 133 of 201

v Desalination is the technique by which seawater is converted into portable, freshwater. It
involves removing the salt and other impurities from seawater to make it suitable for drinking and
other purposes. There are various methods of desalination, including distillation, reverse osmosis,
and others.
v The hardness of water can be attributed to various dissolved minerals, primarily calcium and
magnesium ions. These minerals can combine with anions such as bicarbonates, chlorides, and
sulfates to form different types of hardness.
v Calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate: These compounds contribute to temporary

hardness, also known as carbonate hardness. When water containing these bicarbonates is
heated, they can decompose and form insoluble calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and magnesium
carbonate (MgCO3), which can lead to scale buildup in pipes and appliances.
v Calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate: These compounds contribute to permanent

hardness, also known as non-carbonate hardness. They remain in solution even when water is
heated.
v Calcium chloride and magnesium chloride: These compounds can also contribute to water
hardness.
v The pericardium is the heart’s outermost layer of protection.
v It is a membrane that surrounds the heart and is made up of an inner double layer of serous
membrane and an outside fibrous layer.
v In most animals, the heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood by the circulatory system to the
blood arteries.
v A pleura is a serous membrane that folds back on itself to form a two-layered membranous
pleural sac.
v Water is a good solvent primarily because of its high dipole moment and its ability to form
hydrogen bonds. The water molecule (H2O) has a polar covalent bond due to differences in
electronegativity between hydrogen and oxygen atoms. This polarity results in a partial positive
charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom.
v Because of this polarity, water molecules are attracted to other polar or charged molecules, ions,
and compounds. This makes water an excellent solvent for substances that are also polar or ionic,

as it can surround and dissolve them by forming hydration shells or solvation layers. Water's ability to
form hydrogen bonds with other molecules further enhances its solvent properties.
v Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the hormone responsible for regulating blood calcium and
phosphate levels in the human body.
v It is produced by the parathyroid glands, which are located near the thyroid gland in the neck.
v PTH plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium and phosphate homeostasis by acting on the
bones, kidneys, and intestines to increase calcium levels in the blood when they are too low. This
helps ensure proper bone health and overall physiological function.
v Endocrine glands are ductless glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream. These
hormones then travel throughout the body to target distant cells and organs, where they regulate
various physiological processes.
v Examples of endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and the
islets of Langerhans within the pancreas.
v The other options (liver, kidney, stomach) have both endocrine and exocrine functions, but they
also have ducts associated with their exocrine activities.
10
v A spectrometer is an instrument used for measuring the energy distribution (spectrum) of

various types of radiation, such as light or electromagnetic radiation.
v It separates the radiation into its different wavelengths or frequencies, allowing scientists to
analyze the components of the radiation and gather information about the source's properties.
Hence, option (A) is Correct.
11
v Hypothalamus produces oxytocin which is responsible for the ejection of milk after birth.
v The hormone is stored in the posterior pituitary and released from it.
v Oxytocin causes the muscles around the mammary glands to contract, leading to the ejection of
milk and facilitating breastfeeding.

12
v Sulphur is commonly known as "brimstone."
v Galena is an ore of Lead. Galena is a mineral composed of lead sulfide (PbS).
v Freon is a brand name for a group of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) compounds used as refrigerants
and propellants, but it is not related to sulfur.
v Lime usually refers to calcium oxide (CaO) or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), which are compounds
of calcium, not sulfur.
13
v Ductility is the property of a material, often metals, that allows it to be stretched or drawn out
into a thin wire without breaking.
v It is a measure of a material's ability to deform under tensile stress. Ductile materials can be
elongated into various shapes, including wires, without losing their structural integrity.
v Malleability, on the other hand, refers to a material's ability to be deformed under compressive
stress, such as being hammered or rolled into thin sheets, without breaking.
v Viscosity is a property related to a fluid's resistance to flow.
v Tensile strength is a measure of how much tensile (pulling) stress a material can withstand before
breaking.
14
v Ethylene glycol is commonly used as an antifreeze agent to prevent freezing of liquids, including
fuel, in various applications, including space crafts.
v It has a low freezing point and is mixed with the liquid to lower its freezing temperature, ensuring
that it remains in a liquid state even in cold environments.
v This is crucial for preventing damage to the fuel system and ensuring the proper functioning of
engines and other components in space crafts and other vehicles operating in extreme
temperatures.
15

v Protanopia is a type of colour blindness in which a person has difficulty distinguishing between
certain shades of red and green. This means that individuals with protanopia may have trouble
perceiving the colour red, as well as some variations of green.
16
v In the earthworm, haemoglobin is dissolved directly in the protoplasm of its blood cells. This
allows for the transport of oxygen without the need for specialized blood cells or structures like
red blood cells.
v Earthworms have a relatively simple circulatory system, and their blood, known as hemolymph,
contains dissolved haemoglobin that helps in carrying oxygen throughout their body.
17
v Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a central role in the immune response. They
are responsible for producing antibodies, which are proteins that help the body recognize and
neutralize foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.
v Antibodies are produced and secreted by lymphocytes in response to the presence of antigens
(foreign substances) in the body. These antibodies circulate in the blood plasma, where they can
bind to specific antigens and initiate immune responses to defend against infections.
18
v Kaleidoscope involves the phenomenon of reflection. A kaleidoscope is an optical instrument

that creates colourful and intricate patterns by reflecting and re-arranging multiple mirrors,
pieces of glass, or other reflective surfaces.
v The patterns are formed by the repeated reflection of light within the kaleidoscope's chamber,
resulting in beautiful and symmetrical designs.
19
v The pitch of a sound is primarily determined by its frequency. Frequency refers to the number of
oscillations or cycles of a sound wave that occur in a unit of time.
v Amplitude, on the other hand, affects the loudness or intensity of the sound. A greater amplitude
generally leads to a louder sound.

v Wavelength is related to the physical size of the sound wave and is inversely proportional to
frequency, but it is not the primary factor that determines pitch.
v Loudness is a perceptual quality of sound related to its intensity or amplitude.
20
v Most metals are solid at room temperature, but some, like potassium and sodium, are so soft that
they can be cut with a knife. This is indeed an exception to the general physical property of metals
being hard.
v These metals are so soft that they can be easily cut, shaped, and even sliced with a regular knife,
which is quite different from the typical hardness associated with most metals. This softness is due
to the weak metallic bonding present in these specific metals.
21
v The percentage of carbon present in steels typically ranges from 0.1% to 2%. Steels are iron-
carbon alloys, and the amount of carbon content plays a significant role in determining the
properties of the steel, such as its hardness, strength, and other mechanical characteristics. The
specific carbon content can be adjusted to achieve desired properties for different applications.
v Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon containing less than 2% carbon and 1% manganese and trace
amount of silicon, phosphorus, Sulphur and oxygen.
22
v A teleprinter is an instrument used for receiving and sending typed messages over long distances.
It is a communication device that uses electrical or electronic signals to transmit text-based
information. Teleprinters were commonly used in telecommunication systems before the advent
of modern digital communication methods like email and instant messaging.
23
v The term used for the synthesis of DNA is "replication."
v DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA before cell
division. It is a fundamental process that ensures that genetic information is accurately passed
from one generation of cells to the next.
v During replication, the two strands of the DNA double helix unwind, and each strand serves as a
template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand, resulting in two identical DNA

molecules.
24
v Normally 22 pairs of autosomes are there in humans. All chromosomes except sex hormones are
autosomes.
v Chromosomes are thread-like structures present in the nucleus. It becomes visible during the
procedure of cell division.
v Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes i.e. the total number of chromosomes (is 46
chromosomes). Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes means a total no of (44 autosomes) and one
pair of allosomes means a sex chromosome.
v An allosome is equal in shape, form, and behaviour. differs from autosomes. The sex Chromosome
is represented by the two symbols that are X and Y., XY Chromosome for Male and XX
Chromosomes for Female.
25
v The fertilization process in humans typically occurs in the fallopian tube, specifically in the upper
part of the fallopian tube called the ampulla.
v The process of fertilization in humans in the first stage begins with ejaculation during copulation
and ovulation. The fallopian tube is also referred to as the uterine tube or salpinges.
26
v Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis. In their absence, protein
synthesis would not occur or would be severely impaired.
v They are the cellular structures where proteins are assembled based on the instructions provided
by the messenger RNA (mRNA). In the absence of ribosomes, protein synthesis would not occur
properly, which would significantly affect various cellular functions and processes that rely on
proteins, including enzymes, structural components, signaling molecules, and more.
27
v Lysosomes are small vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes and surrounded by a single
membrane of up to 100nm thickness.

v They are formed by the Golgi apparatus and contain some 60 different types of acid hydrolyses
for the digestion of various materials.
28
v Prokaryotes, which include bacteria and archaea, are placed in the biological classification class
called "Monera."
v "Monera" is a biological classification that was historically used to categorize a group of

organisms based on certain characteristics, particularly their cellular structure.
v In the original five-kingdom classification system proposed by biologist Robert Whittaker in

1969, living organisms were classified into five kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and
Animalia.
v Monera encompassed organisms that were prokaryotic, meaning they lacked a membrane-bound
nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
v In the six-kingdom classification, Monera was divided into two parts Archaea and Eubacteria.
29
v The majority of water from indigestible food, as well as any remaining nutrients, is absorbed in
the large intestine (also known as the colon).
v The large intestine plays a crucial role in the final stages of digestion and absorption. It absorbs
water and electrolytes from the undigested food material, helping to form feces and concentrate
waste products for elimination. The absorbed water is then used to maintain the body's fluid
balance.
30
v Cirrhosis is a chronic and progressive liver disease that involves the replacement of healthy
liver tissue with scar tissue (fibrosis). This scarring disrupts the normal structure and function
of the liver.
v Cirrhosis can be caused by various factors, such as chronic alcohol abuse, viral hepatitis, fatty
liver disease, and certain genetic conditions. As the disease advances, it can lead to liver
dysfunction and various complications, impacting the overall health and well-being of an
individual.
31

32
v Helium-oxygen mixture is used by deep sea divers in preference to nitrogen-oxygen mixture

because of its very low solubility in blood.
v The Helium atom is much smaller than the Nitrogen molecule, has a smaller electron cloud and is
less polarizable. It, therefore, is less soluble in blood than nitrogen and prevents the formation of
nitrogen bubbles in blood which blocks blood flow as the diver comes to the surface of the sea
from underwater.
33
v Silver has the maximum thermal conductivity among the metals listed. It is an excellent conductor
of heat, which makes it suitable for various applications where heat transfer is important, such as
in electronics, thermal coatings, and specialized industrial processes.
34
v Enzymes are biological molecules that act as catalysts in various biochemical reactions within
living organisms. They are primarily composed of proteins, which are made up of chains of amino
acids. Enzymes play a critical role in speeding up chemical reactions and facilitating processes
necessary for life.
v Enzymes are involved in a wide range of processes within the body, including digestion, energy
production, cell repair, and regulation of various metabolic pathways.
35
36
v "Light year" is a unit of measurement used in astronomy to describe the distance that light travels
in one year through the vacuum of space. It is not related to the speed of sound or the distance
covered by sound.

37
v Sulphuric acid is present in maximum amount in acid rain.
v Acid rain is a type of environmental pollution that occurs when sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen
oxides (NOx) are released into the atmosphere from sources like burning fossil fuels (such as coal
and oil) and industrial processes.
v These pollutants can react with water vapor, oxygen, and other atmospheric components to form
sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3). These acids then dissolve in rainwater, leading to the
formation of acid rain.
Hence, option ((B) is Correct.
38
v Charcoal is an amorphous allotropic form of carbon. Charcoal is a highly porous substance and
can adsorb many times their own volume of gases.
v Its adsorption capacity can be further increased by heating at 1273K in a current of superheated
steam.
v Charcoal thus prepared is called activated charcoal.
39
40
v Phosphorus has a low ignition temperature, which means it can catch fire spontaneously when
exposed to air at relatively low temperatures.
v Keeping it submerged in water helps prevent its contact with oxygen in the air, thereby reducing
the risk of spontaneous ignition.

41
v Eutrophication is a natural or human-induced process that involves the excessive enrichment of

nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, in a body of water.
v This enrichment leads to increased growth of algae and other aquatic plants, which can have
several negative ecological and environmental effects.
42
v Dobson is the unit used for measuring the thickness of the Ozone layer.
v One Dobson Unit is the number of molecules of ozone that would be required to create a layer of
pure ozone 0.01 millimeters thick at a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 1
atmosphere (the air pressure at the surface of the Earth).
43
v Molasses is commonly used in the production of alcohol, particularly in the fermentation process
for making alcoholic beverages like rum and certain types of whiskey.
v The sugar content in molasses provides a source of fermentable sugars that yeast can convert
into alcohol through fermentation.
Hence, option (A) is correct.
44

45
v The bark of the cinnamon tree is used as a spice to add flavor and aroma to various dishes. It is
commonly used in both sweet and savory dishes and is known for its distinctive and warm flavor.
Hence, option (C) is correct.
46
v Pollination by bats is called "chiropterophily." Bats are important pollinators for certain plants,
especially in tropical and desert ecosystems, where they play a crucial role in pollinating various
plant species.
47
v Skin is the largest external organ of the body.
v Liver is the largest internal organ of human body.
v Skin is a vital organ with a fleshy surface covered with hair, nerves, glands, and nails. It covers
your whole body and acts as a barrier between the outside and the inside environment.
48
v Adrenal glands produce hormones that help regulate our metabolism, immune system, blood
pressure, response to stress, and other essential functions.
v Adrenal glands are located above the Kidney.
v Adrenal glands release the adrenaline hormones which is also called as Emergency Hormones.
49
v Tendons are connective tissues that connect muscle to bone or muscle to muscle.
v They play a critical role in transmitting the force generated by muscles to the bones they are
attached to, allowing for movement and stability in the body.
v Ligaments are strong and flexible bands of connective tissue that connect bone to bone within a
joint.
v Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that is more flexible than bone but firmer than other types
of soft tissue.

50
v Spleen is referred to as a blood bank because it cleans the blood by filtering and storing blood
cells for an emergency situation like Hemorrhagic Shock
v Spleen is another name for the “graveyard of blood” as it purifies the blood by removing microbes
and worn-out RBCs.
v The spleen is placed beneath the ribcage and much above the stomach (upper left of the
abdomen) under the diaphragm.
51
v The study of the blood circulatory system is called Angiology
v The medical term “angiology” refers to the study of illnesses affecting the lymphatic and
circulatory systems, namely arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels.
52
v The Sinoatrial Node (SA Node) is often referred to as the "heart's pacemaker." It is a specialized
cluster of cells located in the right atrium of the heart.
v The SA (sinus) node is a collection of myocytes that are active pacemakers.
v The sinus node is referred to as the “natural pacemaker” of the heart.
v The SA Node generates electrical impulses that initiate the heartbeat and set the rhythm for the
entire heart. These electrical impulses spread through the atria, causing them to contract and
pump blood into the ventricles. The SA Node plays a crucial role in regulating the heart's rhythm
and rate.
53
v Cobalt therapy is the medical use of gamma rays from the radioisotope Cobalt 60 to treat
conditions such as cancer.
v Cobalt-60 is used in radiation therapy for the treatment of various types of cancers, including
blood cancers. It emits high-energy gamma rays that are used to target and destroy cancer cells.

54
v Vitamins were discovered by the Polish biochemist Casimir Funk. He coined the term "vitamine"
(later shortened to "vitamin") in the early 20th century to describe essential organic compounds
that are necessary for proper growth and health.
55
v The Zika virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes.
v These mosquitoes are also known to transmit other diseases such as dengue fever and
chikungunya.
56
v Cholera is not caused by viruses; it is caused by bacteria.
v The bacterium Vibrio cholerae is responsible for causing cholera, which is a bacterial infection
that can lead to severe diarrhea and dehydration.
57
v The immunization technique was developed by Edward Jenner. He was the pioneer of the
smallpox vaccine.
v He is known for developing the smallpox vaccine, which was the world's first successful vaccine.
Jenner's work laid the foundation for the field of immunization, and his use of cowpox to protect
against smallpox eventually led to the eradication of smallpox.
58
v Ribosomes are known as protein factories because they are the main site of protein synthesis.
The molecule of RNA which is a component of the ribosome organelle is called ribosomal RNA.
v Ribosomes are composed of Ribonucleic acid and Proteins.
59

v Banana is an example of True Fruit.
v Fruits are classified into two types based on the process of their development and fertilization.
They are – True Fruit and False Fruit.
v True Fruit: True Fruits are the fruits that develop solely from the fertilized ovary of the flower.
After pollination and fertilization, the ovary undergoes changes and develops into a mature fruit,
enclosing the seeds. Examples of True fruits are: Mango, Banana, Blue berry, Plums, Orange,
Grapes, Coconut etc.
v False Fruit: False fruits, also Known as accessory fruits or pseudocarps, are not solely derived
from the ovary of a flower. In these fruit, other floral parts, apart from the ovary, contribute to the
fruit structure and development. Examples of False fruits are: apples, pears, fig etc.
Hence, option (C) is correct.
60
v Calcium Oxalate is responsible for the formation of Kidney Stone in human body.
v Calcium oxalate is the most common type of Kidney stone. It is formed by the amalgamation of
calcium and oxalate in the urine, leading to the formation of crystals that eventually clump
together and develop into stones.
v Oxalate is a naturally occurring substance found in certain foods and is also produced by the liver.
In normal circumstances, oxalate binds with calcium in the digestive tract and is eliminated
through the stool. However, in some individuals, excessive amounts of oxalate can be absorbed by
the intestines and enter into the bloodstream, eventually reaching the kidneys.
61
v Plasma is the fluid component of blood that remains after the blood cells (red blood cells, white
blood cells, and platelets) have been removed.
v It is a yellowish liquid that constitutes about 55% of total blood volume and is mostly composed
of water, electrolytes (such as sodium, potassium, and chloride), proteins (such as albumin,
globulins, and fibrinogen), hormones, waste products, nutrients, and gases (like oxygen and carbon
dioxide).
62
v The hypothalamus is a small but vital part of the brain that plays a crucial role in maintaining the
body's homeostasis, including regulating body temperature. It acts as the body's thermostat by
monitoring the temperature of the blood and initiating responses to maintain a relatively constant
internal body temperature.
v The pineal gland is involved in the production of the hormone melatonin, which helps regulate
sleep-wake cycles and other biological rhythms.

v The pituitary gland, often referred to as the "master gland," secretes a variety of hormones that
control various bodily functions, but it is not primarily responsible for regulating body
temperature.
v The thyroid gland produces hormones (such as thyroxine) that regulate metabolism, growth, and
development, but it does not directly control body temperature.
63
v Osmium is a chemical element with the symbol Os and atomic number 76. It is a hard, brittle,
bluish-white transition metal which belongs to the platinum group.
v It is found as a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores. It is the heaviest metal known.
v Osmium has a high density and is often considered the densest naturally occurring element. It has
a bluish-white color and is quite brittle. It has a very high melting point and is resistant to
corrosion.
v Osmium is relatively rare and is typically found in nature as a trace element in platinum and nickel
ores. It is often obtained as a byproduct of platinum and nickel refining.
64
v Blood pressure is indeed much greater in arteries than in veins. Arteries carry blood away from
the heart to various parts of the body and experience higher pressure due to the force exerted by
the heart's pumping action. In contrast, veins carry blood back to the heart and have lower
pressure.
v The normal systolic pressure is approximately 120 mmHg, which is correct. However, the normal
diastolic pressure is around 80 mmHg, not the other way around. Diastolic pressure represents
the lower value recorded when measuring blood pressure and reflects the pressure in the arteries
when the heart is at rest between beats.
65
v Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the aerial parts of plants, primarily
through small openings called stomata on the leaves. When water evaporates from the surface of
the leaves, it creates a negative pressure or tension in the leaf cells. This negative pressure pulls
water from the roots upwards through the xylem vessels, creating a continuous column of water
that moves through the plant.
66

v The alveoli provide a surface where the exchange of gases can take place. The walls of the alveoli
contain an extensive network of blood vessels. When we breathe in, we lift our ribs and flatten
our diaphragm, and the chest cavity becomes larger as a result. Because of this, the air is sucked
into the lungs and fills the expanded alveoli.
v The blood brings carbon dioxide from the rest of the body for release into the alveoli, and the
oxygen in the alveolar air is taken up by the blood in the alveolar blood vessels to be transported
to all the cells in the body.
67
v The average life span of RBC is 120 days. Red blood cells (RBCs), also known as erythrocytes,
have a lifespan of approximately 120 days in the human body. After this period, they are removed
from circulation and broken down in the spleen and liver.
v The production of new RBCs occurs continuously in the bone marrow to replace the old ones,
maintaining a stable number of functional red blood cells in the bloodstream.
68
Gun Powder is made up of Sulphur, Charcoal, Potassium Nitrate (Saltpetre)
69
v Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is a gas present in the atmosphere that can be detected by its strong and
pungent odor.
v It is produced by various natural and human activities, such as volcanic eruptions, industrial
processes, and the combustion of fossil fuels. The distinct smell of Sulphur dioxide is often
associated with burning fossil fuels or other sources of sulfur-containing compounds.
70
v Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a chemical compound that consists of two hydrogen atoms and two
oxygen atoms. It is a clear, colorless liquid with powerful oxidizing properties. It is often used as a
disinfectant, antiseptic, and bleaching agent.
v "Liquid Bleach" is the common name used for hydrogen peroxide because it is frequently used as
a bleaching agent for various materials, including fabrics and hair. It has the ability to break down
the color compounds in stains and pigments through oxidation, which is why it is used for
bleaching purposes.

71
v Compounds of carbon, which are linked by only single bonds between the carbon atoms are
called saturated compounds. Compounds of carbon having double or triple bonds between their
carbon atoms are called unsaturated compounds.
72
v Ethanol, commonly known as alcohol, is the substance referred to in the statement. Ethanol is a
type of alcohol that is used for various purposes, including as a solvent, disinfectant, and as an
ingredient in numerous medicinal products.
v Ethanol is used in medicines such as tincture iodine, cough syrups, and tonics for its antiseptic
and preservative properties. It is also used as a solvent to extract active compounds from herbs
and other plant materials to create herbal extracts.
73
v Esters are organic compounds that often have sweet or fruity smells and are used extensively in
the production of perfumes, fragrances, and flavoring agents. They are formed by the reaction
between an alcohol and an organic acid in a process known as esterification. Due to their pleasant
and characteristic scents, esters are commonly used to add specific odors or flavors to a wide
range of products, including perfumes, cosmetics, food items, and beverages.
74
v Diffusion is the movement of a fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration. Diffusion is a result of the kinetic properties of particles of matter. The particles
will mix until they are evenly distributed. The transport of matter continues until equilibrium is
reached and there is a uniform concentration through the material.
v Some of the real-life examples are: When perfume is sprayed in a corner of a room, we can smell it
in the entire room within some time. If you put in some drops of food coloring in a glass of water, it
would spread all through the water and ultimately color the entire glass of water.

75
v The motion of an oscillating liquid column in a U-tube is indeed simple harmonic motion. The time
period of this oscillation is determined by factors such as the length of the column (L) and the
acceleration due to gravity (g), but it is independent of the density of the liquid.
v The formula for the time period (T) of the oscillation is:
T = 2π * √(L / g)
Where:
T is the time period of oscillation
L is the length of the liquid column in the U-tube
g is the acceleration due to gravity
76
v The energy 1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) is 3600000 joule or 3.6 mega joule. In physics, energy is an
indirectly observed quantity that is often understood as the ability of a physical system to do work
on another physical system. However, this must be understood as an overly simplified definition,
as the law of thermodynamics demonstrates that not all energy can perform work.
77
v Photostat machines, also known as photocopiers, work based on the principle of electrostatic
image-making.
v In this process, the original document is exposed to light, and the image formed on a
photosensitive surface, such as a photoreceptor drum or belt, becomes an electrostatic latent
image. This latent image is then developed using toner, which is attracted to the charged areas on
the drum, and then transferred to paper to create a copy of the original document.
78

v The fundamental quantities of Physics are the seven basic quantities that can be used to express
all other physical quantities. These are as follows:
Ø Length: Meter,
Ø Heat: Kelvin,
Ø Time: Second,
Ø Luminous Intensity: Candela,
Ø Mass: Kilogram,
Ø Electric current: Ampere and
Ø Amount of substance: Moles.
79
v The waves of different wavelengths are refracted by different amounts in the same material.
v The blue light has shorter wavelength in comparison to red light hence, it bents more than the red
light, as a result the focal length of a convex lens is shorter for blue light than for red.
80
v Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are capable of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) gas into ammonia
(NH3) through a process called nitrogen fixation. Bio-fertilizers, which contain these nitrogen-

fxing bacteria, facilitate this conversion by providing a natural and sustainable source of nitrogen for
plants.
v Nitrogen Fixation: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria have the ability to capture atmospheric nitrogen gas
(N2) and convert it into ammonia (NH3) in a process called nitrogen fixation. These bacteria play a
crucial role in converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use for their growth
and development.
v Bio-fertilizers: Bio-fertilizers are organic materials containing live microorganisms, such as

nitrogen-fixing bacteria. When these bio-fertilizers are applied to the soil, the nitrogen-fixing
bacteria establish a symbiotic relationship with the plants.
v Ammonia Production: In the presence of these nitrogen-fixing bacteria, atmospheric nitrogen gas
is captured and converted into ammonia. Ammonia is a form of nitrogen that can be directly taken
up by plants and used as a nutrient for their growth. The ammonia produced by the bacteria
becomes available in the soil for plant uptake.
81
v The opening of the stomach into the small intestine in human beings is called the pylorus. The
pylorus is a muscular valve or sphincter located at the lower end of the stomach, and it serves as a
gateway between the stomach and the first part of the small intestine, known as the duodenum.
82
83
v Mushrooms are not capable of manufacturing their own food through photosynthesis. Unlike
plants, mushrooms belong to the fungi kingdom. Fungi do not contain chlorophyll, the pigment
necessary for photosynthesis, and thus cannot produce their own food using sunlight, carbon
dioxide, and water like plants do.
v Mushrooms and other fungi obtain nutrients by breaking down organic matter in their
environment, such as decaying plants and other organic substances. They play an essential role in
nutrient cycling and decomposition in ecosystems.
84
v DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling or DNA typing, is a technique used to identify
and analyze unique patterns within an individual's DNA. It is commonly used for forensic and
paternity testing, as well as in various fields of genetics and research.

85
v Malaria is caused by a group of protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium. These
parasites are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.
When an infected mosquito bites a person, it injects the Plasmodium parasites into the
bloodstream. The parasites then travel to the liver, multiply, and subsequently infect red blood
cells, leading to the characteristic symptoms of malaria.
v While mosquitoes are essential for the transmission of the Plasmodium parasites, they are not
the actual organisms that cause malaria. The disease is caused by the protozoan parasites carried
by the mosquitoes.
86
v The kidneys perform important functions related to maintaining the body's internal environment
and regulating various physiological processes. However, the production of antibodies is not a
function of the kidneys.
v Antibodies are produced by specialized immune cells, primarily B cells and plasma cells, in
response to foreign substances (antigens) encountered by the immune system.
v Antibodies production is the main function of WBCs (White Blood Corpuscles).
87
v Copper sulfate (CuSO4) is commonly used as an algaecide and fungicide to control the growth of
algae, fungi, and other microorganisms in water bodies such as water tanks.
v It is an effective treatment for preventing the growth of fungi and algae that can contaminate
water and lead to various problems, including reduced water quality and clogged pipelines.
v Copper sulfate works by releasing copper ions into the water, which interfere with the metabolic
processes of fungi and algae, ultimately leading to their destruction. It is important to use copper
sulphate carefully and in appropriate concentrations to avoid overuse and potential harm to the
environment.
88
v Thalassemia is a hereditary genetic disorder that primarily affects the production of

haemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the
body. People with thalassemia have a deficiency or abnormality in the production of one or more
globin chains that make up hemoglobin.
v This disruption in hemoglobin synthesis leads to anemia (a decreased ability of the blood to carry
oxygen), which can result in a range of symptoms including fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and other
complications. Thalassemia primarily affects the blood and its oxygen-carrying capacity, and it is

commonly classified into alpha thalassemia and beta thalassemia based on which type of globin chain
is affected.
89
v A sphygmomanometer is a medical device used to measure blood pressure. It consists of an

inflatable cuff that is wrapped around the upper arm, a pressure gauge (manometer) to measure
the pressure in the cuff, and a stethoscope to listen to the sounds of blood flow in the artery.
v Two important values of blood pressure: systolic pressure (the higher value) and diastolic
pressure (the lower value). These values provide information about the force exerted by the blood
against the walls of the arteries when the heart contracts (systolic) and when it relaxes between
beats (diastolic). Blood pressure measurements are important for assessing cardiovascular health
and diagnosing conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure) or hypotension (low blood
pressure).
90
v Malacology is the scientific study of molluscs, which are a diverse group of invertebrate animals
belonging to the phylum Mollusca. Molluscs include various organisms such as snails, clams,
mussels, octopuses, and squid.
91
v Nerve cells, also known as neurons, are specialized cells in the nervous system responsible for
transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals. Neurons have several distinct
parts that serve specific functions in this process.
v Among these parts, dendrites play a crucial role in acquiring information from the environment or
other neurons. Dendrites are the branched projections that extend from the cell body of a neuron.
They are often referred to as "receptive zones" or "input zones" because they receive signals,
usually in the form of neurotransmitters, from other neurons or sensory receptors.
92
v Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum.
v Chinchona bark is best known as the source of the anti-malarial drug quinine.
v Quinine was one of the first effective treatments for malaria and was widely used before the
development of synthetic antimalarial drugs.

93
v Polio-myelitis, commonly known as polio, is caused by the Enterovirus. Enteroviruses are a group
of viruses that primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract but can also lead to various other
illnesses, including polio.
v Polio is caused by three types of polioviruses: type 1, type 2, and type 3. These viruses are part of
the Enterovirus genus, specifically belonging to the species Enterovirus C.
v Polio is transmitted through the faecal-oral route, often by contaminated water or food. It
primarily infects and damages motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to muscle
weakness and paralysis.
94
v Hypermetropia, also known as farsightedness or long-sightedness, is a common vision condition

in which distant objects can be seen more clearly than nearby objects. This occurs because the
eyeball is too short or the cornea has too little curvature, causing light to focus behind the retina
instead of directly on it.
v To correct hypermetropia, a convex lens is used. A convex lens is thicker in the centre and thinner
at the edges, causing light rays to converge or bend towards each other.
95
v A microphone is a device that converts sound energy into electrical energy. It is used to capture
sound waves in the environment and convert them into an electrical signal that can then be
amplified, recorded, transmitted, or otherwise processed.
Here's how a microphone works:
v Sound waves: When sound waves, which are variations in air pressure caused by vibrations, reach
the microphone, they cause a diaphragm or membrane in the microphone to vibrate.
v Transduction: The diaphragm's vibrations are converted into variations in electrical voltage. This
is achieved using various technologies, such as electromagnetic induction, piezoelectric effect, or
capacitance variation.
v Electrical signal: The varying electrical voltage represents the original sound waves and is analog.
This signal can then be sent to amplifiers, recording devices, or other equipment for further
processing or playback.

96
v Acetone is used as a solvent. It is an ingredient of nail polish remover.
v A less harsh nail polish removal is ethyl acetate, the active ingredient in non-acetone nail polish
removers, which also often contain isopropyl alcohol. Ethyl acetate is generally the solvent in nail
polish itself. Acetonitrile has been used as a nail polish remover, but it is more toxic and potentially
carcinogenic.
97
v Iodine is used in the preparation of antiseptic solutions, such as iodine tincture and Betadine
solution. Iodine has strong antiseptic properties, which means it can help prevent the growth of
microorganisms and disinfect surfaces or wounds.
v It is commonly used as an antiseptic to disinfect the skin before medical procedures or surgeries.
It helps reduce the risk of infection by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria, viruses, and fungi
on the skin.
98
v When a bullock cart is moving on a road, the motion of its wheels can be described as a
combination of translatory and rotatory motion.
v Translatory motion: Translatory motion refers to a straight-line motion where all points of an
object move in the same direction and cover the same distance. In the case of a bullock cart, the
centre of the wheels and the cart itself move in a straight line along the road.
v Rotatory motion: Rotatory motion involves circular or rotational movement around an axis or
point. The wheels of the bullock cart rotate around their axles as the cart moves. The rotational
motion of the wheels enables the cart to roll smoothly along the road
99
v Misch metal is widely used in the manufacture of cigarette lighters. Misch metal is an alloy of
cerium (50%), lanthanum (25%), neodymium (18%), praseodymium (5%) and other rare metals.
100
v Jeweler’s rouge is red powdered hematite, iron (III) oxide or ferric oxide, Fe2O3. It is a mild
abrasive used in metal cleaners and polishes.
v It is primarily composed of ferric oxide (Fe2O3), which gives it its characteristic red color. Rouge
is commonly used to bring out a high shine and smooth finish on precious metals like gold, silver,

and platinum, as well as other metals and materials.
101
v When a ball strikes a wall and rebounds, its change in momentum is greater compared to a ball
that doesn't rebound. This is due to the fact that the change in velocity (and therefore momentum)
of the rubber ball is greater as it reverses direction upon rebounding from the wall.
v In the case of the metal ball, which does not rebound and likely comes to a stop upon impact, its
change in momentum is smaller because its final velocity is much lower than its initial velocity.
v The change in momentum can be calculated using the formula:
Change in Momentum = Final Momentum - Initial Momentum.
102
v Desalination of seawater refers to the process of removing salt and other impurities from
seawater to make it suitable for various purposes, such as drinking, irrigation, and industrial use.
One of the primary methods used for desalination is reverse osmosis.
v Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that involves forcing water through a semi-
permeable membrane to remove ions, molecules, and larger particles. In the context of
desalination, seawater is pressurized and pushed through a membrane that allows water
molecules to pass through while blocking salt and other impurities. This process effectively
separates fresh water from the salty components of sea water.
103
v Haemoglobin is a protein present in red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen from
the lungs to the body's tissues and transporting carbon dioxide back to the lungs. Iron (Fe) is a
crucial component of the haemoglobin molecule, as it forms a coordination complex with the
oxygen molecule, allowing oxygen to bind to haemoglobin. This iron-oxygen binding and release
are essential for oxygen transport in the bloodstream.
v Chlorophyll is the pigment found in chloroplasts of plant cells that plays a central role in
photosynthesis. It captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy. Chlorophyll
molecules also contain a central atom of magnesium (Mg), which is involved in capturing light
energy and transferring it to other molecules within the photosynthetic process.

104
v When an object moves in a circular path, like a body revolving around a circular path or an object
tied to a string and swung in a circular motion, its speed can remain constant (uniform speed), but
its velocity is constantly changing due to the change in direction. This is because velocity is a
vector quantity that takes into account both speed and direction.
v Uniform circular motion occurs when a body moves in a circular path with constant velocity. The
acceleration of a body experiencing uniform circular motion is always directed toward the centre
of the circle (centripetal acceleration or
ac = / r
where v is the body’s velocity, and r is the radius of the circle). This acceleration is constant in
magnitude but changes in direction, so, it is variable at every point of the circular path.
105
v Pyrolusite is a mineral and an important ore of manganese. It is a black or dark gray mineral that
consists mainly of manganese dioxide (MnO2). Pyrolusite is one of the most common manganese
minerals and is often found in association with other manganese ores.
106
v Oxidation is defined as the removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen.
v Reduction is defined as the removal of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.
107
v Bakelite is a type of thermosetting plastic, also known as a phenolic resin. It was one of the first
synthetic plastics developed and has been widely used for various applications, including buckets,
electrical switches, and other household items.
v Bakelite is formed through a condensation polymerization reaction between phenol (C6H5OH)

and formaldehyde (HCHO).
v Phenol and Formaldehyde are the monomers used in the manufacturing of Bakelite, a type of
phenolic resin.

108
The chemical formula of plaster of Paris is CaSo4.½ H2O.

The common name of gypsum is CaSo4.2 H2O.
Plaster of Paris is formed by heating gypsum.
109
v The reactivity series is a list of metals arranged in order of their reactivity, from the most reactive
to the least reactive. In the context of the reactivity series, metals at the bottom are those that are
the least reactive and are not easily oxidized or corroded.
v Gold is one of the least reactive metals and is placed at the bottom of the reactivity series. It is
highly unreactive and does not readily form compounds with other elements. This property makes
gold highly valuable for use in jewelry, coins, and other decorative and artistic purposes.
110
v Froth flotation is a widely used process in the extraction of minerals from their ores, particularly
for sulfide ores. It is a method of concentrating the ore by separating the desired mineral from the
gangue (unwanted material) using the differences in their surface properties.
v Sulfide ores are a common type of ore that is often processed using froth flotation. Some
examples of sulfide ores include copper sulfide ores, lead-zinc sulfide ores, and nickel sulfide ores.
111
v Pneumonia is indeed commonly caused by bacteria of the type called cocci.
v Cocci are spherical or oval-shaped bacteria. They can occur in various arrangements, including
pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), and clusters (staphylococci). Some cocci bacteria are
known to cause pneumonia by infecting the lungs. The most common bacteria responsible for
bacterial pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as pneumococcus.
v Streptococcus pneumoniae is a type of gram-positive cocci bacteria that can cause different
types of infections, including respiratory infections like pneumonia.
112
v Early Blight of Potato is a disease caused by fungus Alternaria Solani. It results in the reduction of
tuber yield.

113
v Sexual reproduction of algae takes place through fusion of spores.
v The morphologically and structurally similar spores are known as isogamous and different or
dissimilar size gametes are known as anisogamous.
114
v Turmeric is the underground stem (Rhizome). It has rough, segmented surface and is a tuberous
rhizome. It comes under family zingiberacea. It is commonly used as a colouring and flavouring
agent in India.
v The rhizomes of the turmeric plant are cleaned, boiled, dried, and ground into a fine powder,
which is the turmeric spice commonly used in cooking and traditional medicine.
115
v Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that can be synthesized by the liver. It plays a crucial role in
blood clotting and bone health. The liver is responsible for producing a portion of the body's
vitamin K requirement.
v Vitamin A, Vitamin E, and Vitamin D are not typically synthesized by the liver. Vitamin A is
important for vision, immune system function, and skin health. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that
helps protect cells from damage. Vitamin D is involved in calcium absorption and bone health, and
it can be synthesized in the skin through exposure to sunlight.
116
v Riboflavin, also known as Vitamin B2, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in various
metabolic processes in the body. It is essential for converting food into energy, maintaining
healthy skin and eyes, and supporting the function of the nervous system.
v Keratin is a protein that forms the structural component of hair, nails, and the outer layer of skin.
It is not a vitamin.
v Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels. It is not a
vitamin.
v Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and neurotransmitter that is produced by

the adrenal glands in response to stress or danger. It is not a vitamin.

117
v While frogs typically respire through their skin, lungs, and sometimes their mouth lining, during
hibernation, their metabolic rate significantly decreases, and their need for oxygen is reduced.
v As a result, they rely more on cutaneous respiration, which involves the exchange of gases
(oxygen and carbon dioxide) through their skin. Since hibernating frogs have limited movement
and may bury themselves in mud or other sheltered locations, this mode of respiration helps them
obtain the small amount of oxygen they require while conserving energy.
118
v Hypoglycemia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally low glucose (sugar) level in

the blood. Glucose is the primary source of energy for the body's cells, including the brain. When
blood sugar levels drop too low, it can lead to various symptoms and health issues.
v Common causes of hypoglycemia include excessive insulin production (common in people with
diabetes who take insulin), prolonged fasting, certain medications, and certain medical conditions.
Symptoms of hypoglycemia can vary but often include shakiness, dizziness, confusion, sweating,
rapid heartbeat, and weakness.
119
v Polycythemia is a situation where the number of RBCs increase in the blood. Polycythemia cause
low oxygen level (hypoxia), so person feel weak or fatigued.
v High RBC count could be due to a number of health conditions or health related factors including
smoking, congenital heart disease, hypoxia, pulmonary fibrosis.
120
v Animals with an open circulatory system, such as insects, some crustaceans, and mollusks like
snails and clams, possess a body cavity called a haemocoel. The haemocoel is a large cavity that
contains the circulatory fluid, which is known as hemolymph.
v In an open circulatory system, hemolymph is pumped into the haemocoel and bathes the organs
and tissues directly. The heart pumps hemolymph into the haemocoel, and it then flows through
various spaces and sinuses, coming into direct contact with cells for exchange of nutrients and
gases.

121
v Silver gets corroded primarily due to the presence of hydrogen sulfide ( ) in the air. Silver forms
a blackish silver sulfide ( ) layer on its surface when it comes into contact with hydrogen
sulfide. This process is commonly known as tarnishing.
v The chemical reaction involved is as follows:
v The hydrogen sulfide gas in the air reacts with the silver, forming silver sulfide and releasing
hydrogen gas. This silver sulfide layer is the blackish coating that appears on the surface of silver
items, which results in the corrosion and dulling of the once shiny appearance.
122
v The chemical commonly used by farmers to destroy weeds is 2,4 – Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid,
commonly known as 2,4-D.
v 2,4-D is a widely used herbicide that selectively kills broadleaf weeds, leaving grasses and most
crops unaffected. It works by disrupting the normal growth and development of weeds, eventually
leading to their death. This herbicide is one of the most commonly used weed killers in agriculture
and landscaping due to its effectiveness and relatively low cost.
v DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is an insecticide that was widely used in the past but is
now banned or severely restricted in many countries due to its environmental persistence and
harmful effects on wildlife and human health.
v Methyl Bromide is a fumigant used to control pests in soil and stored products, but its use is being
phased out due to its ozone-depleting properties.
v Malathion is an insecticide, not a herbicide, and is used to control various insects and pests.
123
v Kevlar, a polymeric material is used for making bulletproof jackets.
v It is made from long chains of molecules aligned in a way that gives it exceptional tensile strength
and durability. Kevlar is well-known for its use in body armour, including bulletproof vests and
helmets, due to its excellent ballistic properties. When woven into a fabric, Kevlar can effectively
absorb and disperse the energy from bullets or other high-velocity projectiles, reducing the
impact on the wearer and providing protection against penetration.

124
v In a step-down transformer, the AC output gives the current more than the input current.
v In a step-down transformer, the primary coil has more turns than the secondary coil. As a result,
the voltage is reduced from the input (primary) side to the output (secondary) side, following the
equation:
125
v In order, the most abundant greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are:
Ø water vapor
Ø carbon dioxide
Ø methane
Ø nitrous oxide
Ø ozone

Ø chlorofluorocarbons
126
v Cells theory is a fundamental theory in biology that makes generalisations about cells, living
organisms are made up of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all organisms and also the
basic unit of reproduction.
v It was given by Schleiden and Schwann. Here virus organism does not follow this theory. Virus is
the connecting link between living things and non-living things.
127
v The cell organelle that is present only in plant cells is Plastids.
v Plastids are a group of double-membraned organelles found only in plant cells and certain
protists. They are responsible for various essential functions in plants, including photosynthesis,
storage of pigments (such as chloroplasts containing chlorophyll), and storage of starch and lipids.
v Lysosomes are present in animal cells and some specialized plant cells.
v Mitochondria are present in both plant and animal cells and are responsible for energy
production through cellular respiration.
v Cell Membrane (plasma membrane) is the outer boundary of all cells, present in both plant and
animal cells, and is responsible for controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
128
v Antigens are foreign substances which induce the immune response in the body and increase the
production of antibodies.
v When an individual becomes ill and is exposed to antigens (such as bacteria, viruses, or foreign
substances), their immune system is activated to defend against the invading pathogens. Antigens
are molecules that trigger an immune response by the body.
v As a response to the presence of antigens, the immune system produces specialized proteins
called antibodies. Antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes (B cells), which are a type of white
blood cell. These antibodies are specific to the antigens encountered and help in neutralizing or
eliminating the invading pathogens.
129

v Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) is a medical imaging technique commonly used to
measure bone mineral density (BMD). It is a non-invasive and highly accurate method for
assessing bone health and diagnosing conditions like osteoporosis.
130
v The light wave with the shortest wavelength refracts the most.
v When white light passes through a prism, it undergoes a process called dispersion. Dispersion is
the phenomenon where different colours (wavelengths) of light are separated, and a spectrum is
formed. This occurs because different colours of light have different wavelengths, and they
experience different degrees of refraction as they pass through the prism.
v The extent of refraction depends on the wavelength of light. Shorter wavelengths (such as violet
and blue light) are refracted more than longer wavelengths (such as red light). The refraction
causes the different colours to bend at different angles, and as a result, they spread out and form
the spectrum.
131
v The humerus is a long bone in the arm or forelimb that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. It
connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna.
v The humerus bone is the largest bone in the upper limb and plays a crucial role in allowing various
movements of the arm. It articulates with the scapula (shoulder blade) at the shoulder joint and
with the radius and ulna bones at the elbow joint.

132
v The leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) are used for making tea. Tea is a popular beverage
made by steeping the dried and processed leaves of the tea plant in hot water.
v The leaves undergo various methods of oxidation and drying, resulting in the different
characteristics and flavours of the final tea product.
133
v When ethanoic acid (also known as acetic acid) reacts with carbonates or hydrogen carbonates
(bicarbonates), it forms a salt called sodium acetate. The reaction can be represented as follows:
Ethanoic acid + Sodium Carbonate → Sodium Acetate + Carbon Dioxide + Water

134
v Mendeleev claimed the famous periodic law that “Element properties are a periodic function of
their atomic weight.” Mendeleev placed elements in the order of their atomic weights in the form
of a table known as the Periodic Table of Mendeleev.
v He arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass and observed that elements with
similar properties appeared at regular intervals (periodically) in the table.
v Mendeleev's periodic table laid the foundation for the modern periodic table, which is now
arranged based on increasing atomic number rather than atomic mass.
135
v Pseudomonas is a genus of bacteria that includes species capable of degrading hydrocarbons,

which are components of oil. Some strains of Pseudomonas have been genetically modified to
enhance their ability to break down and metabolize oil and other hydrocarbon pollutants found in
oil spills.
v Bioremediation is an environmentally friendly approach that utilizes microorganisms, such as

bacteria, to degrade and detoxify pollutants, including oil, into less harmful substances.
Genetically modified Pseudomonas strains can play a vital role in the cleanup of oil spills, aiding in
the restoration of affected ecosystems.
136
v Nitrogen is an essential element used in the synthesis of proteins and other compounds in living
organisms. Proteins are composed of amino acids, and nitrogen is a crucial component of amino
acids, making up a significant part of their chemical structure.
v During protein synthesis, nitrogen is incorporated into the amino acids, which are then linked
together to form polypeptide chains and eventually functional proteins.
137
v Food is moved to the specific spot by the movement of cilia.
v Paramecium is a single-celled organism with hair-like structures called cilia covering its surface.
Cilia are used for various functions, including locomotion and the movement of food particles to a
specific spot called the oral groove during the feeding process.
v The coordinated movement of cilia helps direct the food particles towards the oral groove, where
they are engulfed and ingested through a process called phagocytosis.
v Cilia cover the entire surface of Paramecium, not just the front and back.

138
v The organ that accomplishes the task of neutralizing the acidic food coming from the stomach
before it enters the small intestine is liver.
v The liver plays a vital role in digestion and produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and
released into the small intestine when needed. Bile contains bile salts that work to emulsify fats,
breaking them down into smaller droplets. Additionally, bile also helps to neutralize the acidic
chyme from the stomach, making it more alkaline before it enters the small intestine.
139
v Villi are present in the walls of the small intestine.
v Villi are tiny, finger-like projections that line the walls of the small intestine. They increase the
surface area available for absorption of nutrients from the digested food, allowing for more
efficient nutrient absorption.
140
v When the temperature of metallic conductor increases, the velocity of free electrons increases
but it also causes increase in amplitude of vibration of metallic atoms which cause some extra
hindrance or resistance in the path of free electron. Hence resistance increases in investing the
temperature whereas the resistance of a semiconductor decreases with increase in temperature
and vice versa.
141
v The direction of magnetic field inside a magnet is from south to north and on the outside is from
north to south.
v Inside a magnet, the direction of the magnetic field is from the south pole to the north pole. This
means that the magnetic field lines travel from the south pole of the magnet to the north pole
inside the magnet.
142
v Alpha particle consists of a helium atom having 2 electrons, 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
v Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay or radioactivity) is the process by which an
unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation, such as an alpha particle, beta particle

with neutrino. A material containing such unstable nuclei is considered radioactive
Hence, option A is correct.
143
v A uniform motion is defined as the one where speed does not change with time. Hence, only
distance and time changes. We know that, speed = distance/time.
v Since, speed remains constant, therefore we can conclude that distance and time are directly
proportional to each other. Hence, the graph between distance and time is a straight line.
144
v A voltmeter is connected in parallel in a circuit. When measuring voltage, the voltmeter is

connected across the two points between which the voltage is to be measured.
v Connecting a voltmeter in series would disrupt the circuit and prevent current from flowing,
leading to inaccurate readings.
145
v The needle of iron floats on the water surface when it is kept gently due to surface tension.
Surface tension is a property of the surface of a liquid that causes it to behave as if it were a thin,
flexible film. It is caused by cohesive forces between the molecules of the liquid.
v When a needle is gently placed on the water, the surface tension of the water creates a slight
upward force on the needle, supporting it and preventing it from sinking.
146
v Lead is the final product due to the radioactive decay of Uranium.
v Atoms having atomic number greater than 82 are always unstable.
v Uranium is a naturally occurring radioactive element with the symbol U. It undergoes a series of
radioactive decay processes, passing through various intermediate elements before reaching
stability in the form of lead.
147
v In amphibians, oxygenated and deoxygenated blood get mixed to some extent. Amphibians are a
class of vertebrates that include animals like frogs, toads, and salamanders. They typically have a

two-chambered heart, consisting of one atrium and one ventricle.
v When blood is pumped from the ventricle into the arteries, some oxygenated blood mixes with
deoxygenated blood from the veins, resulting in a partial mixing of blood. This is because the
ventricle receives both oxygenated blood from the lungs (or skin in some species) and
deoxygenated blood from the body.
Hence, option (C) is Correct
148
v Myrmecology is the scientific study of ants. It is a branch of entomology, which is the broader
field of study that deals with insects.
v Myrmecologists study ants to better understand their interactions with the environment, other
organisms, and their ecological significance.
149
v Euglena is the organism that possesses characteristics of both a plant and an animal. Euglena is a
single-celled protist that belongs to the phylum Euglenozoa. It is a unique organism because it can
perform both photosynthesis (like plants) and heterotrophic nutrition (like animals).
v When sufficient light is available, Euglena can carry out photosynthesis using chloroplasts, which
contain chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for capturing light energy to produce sugars. In this
state, Euglena behaves like a plant, using sunlight to synthesize its own food.
v However, in the absence of light or when nutrients are scarce, Euglena can switch to a
heterotrophic mode of nutrition. It becomes mobile and uses its whip-like tail called a flagellum to
move and feed on small organic particles in its environment, behaving more like an animal.
v Due to this dual nature, Euglena is considered both autotrophic (able to produce its own food)
and heterotrophic (dependent on external sources for food).
150
151
v When the temperature of the surroundings rises, most materials tend to expand. In the context of
a simple pendulum, this expansion affects the length of the pendulum. As the length of the
pendulum increases, the time period of the pendulum also increases.
v The formula for the time period (T) of a simple pendulum is T = 2π √(L / g), where L is the length of
the pendulum. As the length (L) increases due to temperature-induced expansion, the square root
term in the formula becomes larger. Consequently, the overall time period (T) of the pendulum
increases.

152
v Impulse has the same unit as that of linear momentum. The unit of linear momentum is a kilogram
meter per second (kg m/s), and the unit of impulse is also a kilogram meter per second (kg m/s).
Impulse is the change in momentum of an object, and since momentum itself is the product of
mass and velocity, the unit of impulse is consistent with the unit of linear momentum.
153
v Producers in an ecosystem, such as plants, obtain nitrogen primarily in the form of nitrates
(NO3-) from the soil. Nitrates are a soluble and readily available form of nitrogen that plants can
absorb through their root systems.
v Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth, and it is a key component of amino acids,
proteins, and other essential molecules.
v n the context of plant uptake, the process of nitrification converts ammonia (NH3) and
ammonium (NH4+) ions, which can be released from organic matter or other sources, into nitrates
(NO3-). This conversion is carried out by nitrifying bacteria in the soil.
154
v Amoeba belongs to the phylum Protozoa. Protozoa are single-celled, microscopic organisms that
are classified under the kingdom Protista.
v Amoeba is a well-known example of a protozoan and is characterized by its ability to move and
capture food using pseudopodia (temporary extensions of its cell membrane). It's a type of
unicellular eukaryotic organism that lives in various aquatic environments.
155

So, when the velocity of an object is doubled, its kinetic energy becomes four times the original value.
156
v There are 6 groups of p-block elements in the periodic table, which are groups 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
and 18.
v These groups include a variety of elements with different properties and characteristics.
157
v An alloy is actually a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals, or a metal and a non-metal.
v It is a solid solution where the atoms of the different elements are uniformly distributed
throughout the material on the atomic level, resulting in a single phase with consistent
properties. In metals, the atoms are arranged in a regular manner forming a strong bond so generally
metals have high melting point. But in case of alloys the atoms are of different sizes and their
arrangement is less regular than a pure metal. This makes the bonds between the atoms very weak
and lowers the melting point.
158
v Isotones are atoms of different elements that have the same number of neutrons but different
numbers of protons and electrons.
v Isotopes, on the other hand, have the same number of protons and different numbers of
neutrons. Isobars have the same mass number but different atomic numbers.

v Allotropes refer to different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state.
159
v An infrasonic wave is a longitudinal elastic wave with a frequency less than the hearing range, i.e.
20 Hz.
v Elephants use Infrasonic sounds to interact with herds hundreds of km away.
Example: Earthquake.
v Ultrasonic waves, on the other hand, have frequencies higher than the audible range. Sonic waves
are simply the waves that are within the audible frequency range. Infrared waves are
electromagnetic waves with wavelengths longer than visible light.
160
v The transition temperature is the temperature at which two or more different phases (such as
crystal structures) of a substance exist in equilibrium.
v This could involve transitions between solid phases, such as different crystal forms, or transitions
between different states of matter.
161
v The ureters are tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
v They transport urine from the kidneys, where it is produced, to the urinary bladder, where it is
temporarily stored before being excreted from the body through the urethra.
162
v Potential energy of the electron is negative inside any atom. The electron also has Kinetic energy
which can never be negative because in expression, there is the square of velocity i.e. always +ve
and it is smaller in magnitude than the magnitude of potential energy.
v Total Energy = Kinetic Energy + Potential Energy

So, the total energy of an electron can never be positive.
163
v The Curie point, also known as the Curie temperature, is the temperature at which a
ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material undergoes a phase transition, causing it to lose its
permanent magnetic properties.
v Above the Curie point, the material becomes paramagnetic, meaning it only exhibits magnetic
properties when in the presence of an external magnetic field.
164
165
v Azolla is a small aquatic fern that is commonly used in rice cultivation to increase soil fertility. It is
often grown in rice paddies as a green manure.
v Azolla has a symbiotic relationship with a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium called Anabaena

azollae, which can convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that is available to plants.
v When Azolla is incorporated into the soil after it decomposes, it enriches the soil with nitrogen
and other nutrients, which is beneficial for the growth of rice plants.
166
v Oysters belong to the phylum Mollusca. Mollusks are a diverse group of invertebrate animals that
includes oysters, snails, squids, and octopuses.
v They share certain common characteristics like a soft body, often protected by a hard shell, and a
muscular foot for movement.
167
v Fats are primarily stored in adipose tissue in the human body. Adipose tissue, also known as body
fat, is a specialized type of connective tissue that serves as the primary storage site for energy in
the form of triglycerides.

v It also plays a role in insulation, cushioning, and regulating various metabolic processes.
168
169
v Phylloquinone is actually a form of Vitamin K, not Vitamin D. Vitamin D is typically associated

with compounds like cholecalciferol (D3) and ergocalciferol (D2).
v Vitamin B6 is called as Pyridoxine, Vitamin C is called as ascorbic acid and Vitamin D is called as
Tocopherol.
170
v Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B12 (cobalamin). This vitamin is important
for the production of healthy red blood cells and for maintaining the health of nerve cells.
v Without enough Vitamin B12, the body cannot produce enough healthy red blood cells, leading
to anemia and various neurological symptoms.
171
v The deficiency of niacin (Vitamin B3) can lead to the disease called pellagra. Pellagra is
characterized by symptoms such as skin rashes, digestive issues, and neurological problems.
v It is an important example of a nutritional deficiency disease and is often associated with diets
that lack sufficient niacin-rich foods.
v Examples of Niacin rich food: Fish, Poultry, Brown rice, Legumes, Bananas, Nuts and Seeds.
172
v Cesium is a soft silvery metallic element that has a low ionization energy, meaning it easily loses
an electron to form a positively charged ion (cation).

v Due to this property, cesium is often used in atomic clocks, which rely on the vibrations of cesium
atoms to measure time with extremely high precision. The cesium atomic clock is the primary
standard for measuring time and is used to define the SI unit of time, the second.
Hence, option C is Correct.
173
v Mercury (Hg) is the only liquid metal at room temperature. It is a silvery-white, dense, and heavy
metal that remains in a liquid state between -38.83°C and 356.73°C under normal atmospheric
pressure.
v It is commonly known for its use in thermometers and other scientific applications.
174
v Radon is not the most abundant rare gas found in the atmosphere. In fact, radon is a relatively
rare and radioactive noble gas. The most abundant noble gas in the Earth's atmosphere is argon
(0.9%)
175
v The air bladder in fish acts primarily as a hydrostatic organ, helping the fish regulate its buoyancy
in the water. It allows the fish to control its depth in the water column by adjusting the amount of
gas (usually oxygen or nitrogen) within the bladder.
v While it does have some role in gas exchange, especially in some fish species, its primary function
is related to buoyancy control rather than respiration.
176
v Starfish, also known as sea stars, have a respiratory system that operates through tiny structures
called papulae, which are small, finger-like projections on their skin. These papulae facilitate gas
exchange.
v However, starfish do not have a centralized brain like more complex organisms. Instead, they
have a nerve ring and a decentralized nervous system spread throughout their body.
177

v Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the mitochondria of the
cell. This process is a crucial step in cellular respiration, where the energy stored in glucose
molecules is gradually released in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through a series of
biochemical reactions. The mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell
because they are the primary sites of ATP production.
178
v Tortoises are cold-blooded animals, also known as ectothermic or poikilothermic animals. Their
body temperature is primarily determined by the external environment, and they rely on external
heat sources, such as sunlight, to regulate their body temperature.
v In contrast, warm-blooded animals (endothermic animals) like birds and mammals can regulate
their body temperature internally, maintaining a relatively constant temperature regardless of the
external environment.
179
180
v Root nodules are commonly found in leguminous plants. These nodules are specialized structures
formed on the roots of these plants due to a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
called rhizobia.
v The rhizobia bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that the plant can use for its
growth. This mutualistic association benefits both the plant and the bacteria.
181
v In humans male sex chromosome is XY whereas in female sex chromosome is XX. When a male
gamete (sperm) carrying an X chromosome fertilizes an ova, the zygote develops into a female
whereas sperm carrying a Y chromosome fertilizes an egg to develop a zygote into a male. A
female chromosome is X in both cases.
Hence, option B is correct.
182

When the speed of a car is doubled, its kinetic energy (energy due to motion) becomes
four times greater. This is because kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the
velocity.
v So, if the car's speed doubles, its kinetic energy becomes 2^2 = 4 times the original
kinetic energy.
183

v When a cricket ball is bowled with spin, it creates turbulence in the airflow around it. As the ball
rotates, it drags a thin layer of air along with it on one side, while the other side experiences less
resistance from the surrounding air. This creates a difference in air pressure on the two sides of
the ball, resulting in an aerodynamic force known as the Magnus force.
184
v The liver secretes glucose into the bloodstream as an essential mechanism to keep blood glucose
levels constant. The liver, muscle, and other tissues also store glucose as glycogen, a high‐
molecular‐weight, branched polymer of glucose. Thus, glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in
animals.
185
v Red Blood Cells, also known as erythrocytes, do not have a nucleus. During their maturation
process, they lose their nucleus and other organelles to make space for more haemoglobin, which
is essential for their primary function of carrying oxygen throughout the body. As a result, mature
red blood cells have no nucleus and are specialized for oxygen transport.
186
v Gobar gas is a mixture of Methane, Carbon monoxide and Hydrogen. It is produced by

fermentation of gobar (Cow dung, also known as cow pats, cow pies or cow manure, is the waste
product of bovine animal species) in the absence of air. It is used as a domestic fuel.
187
v Stainless steel is made up of Fe (75%) Cr (15%) Ni (105) and C (.05%). There is no Aluminum in
stainless steel. It is instead used in making Duralumin, Rolled Gold etc. Stainless steel is a sturdy
material and is used for making utensils, surgical devices, machines etc.
188
v Amylase is found in two main areas – saliva in the mouth and pancreatic juice in the pancreas.
Pancreatic juice is secreted into the small intestine where it helps continue digestion. In both
areas amylase helps to break down starch into simpler sugars.

Hence, option D is correct.
189
v The site where complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats takes place is the Small
Intestine. The small intestine is a long tube-like organ in the digestive system where most of the
chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur. Enzymes produced by the pancreas and the
small intestine itself break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into simpler molecules that can
be absorbed through the intestinal lining and then transported to the bloodstream to be utilized
by the body.
190
v The force that holds protons and neutrons together inside the nucleus of an atom is the Strong
Nuclear Force.
v This force is one of the four fundamental forces in nature, along with gravity, electromagnetic
force, and weak nuclear force. The strong nuclear force is responsible for overcoming the
electrostatic repulsion between positively charged protons in the nucleus and keeping the protons
and neutrons bound together, forming a stable atomic nucleus.
191
v When you are in a lift (elevator) that goes down, your weight decreases. This is because the lift is
accelerating downward, and you, along with the lift and everything inside it, experience the same
acceleration due to gravity.
v When the lift accelerates downward, you and the objects in the lift feel a force in the opposite
direction of the acceleration. This apparent force is often referred to as the "pseudo force" or
"apparent weight."
192
v An ore is a naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be
extracted profitably. Dolomite is an ore of magnesium. All others are ore of aluminum.
v Dolomite is a mineral composed of calcium magnesium carbonate and is mainly used as a source
of magnesium and calcium for various industrial applications, including in the production of
cement, glass, and fertilizers.
193

v The momentum of the object depends on the object’s mass and velocity.
v Momentum,
v Mass of the object: The momentum of an object is directly proportional to its mass. The greater
the mass of an object, the greater its momentum, given the same velocity.
v Speed of the object: The momentum of an object is directly proportional to its speed (velocity). If
two objects have the same mass, the one moving at a higher speed will have greater momentum.
194
There are various trends in a periodic table which are followed except for some exceptions here and
there. Some of the important trends being
The size decreases as we move down the group
The size increases as we move across the table
The electronegativity decreases as we move down the table
The electronegativity increases as we move across the table
Hence, option D is correct.
195
v Algae belong to cryptogames (plant without seed). It has chlorophyll. Common examples of algae
are- Porphyra , Ulva, Surgassum, Anabina, Fucus, Belonia etc.Ferns are not algae.
196
Minamata disease, sometimes referred to as Chisso-Minamata disease, is a neurological syndrome

caused by severe mercury poisoning. Symptoms include ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general
muscle weakness, narrowing of the field of vision and damage to hearing and speech.
197
v The respiratory organs of the land animals such as man (humans), birds, lizard, dog and frog etc.
are the lungs. However, Frogs breathe both by lungs and skin. In the insects like grasshopper,
cockroach, housefly and a mosquito, the tiny holes called spiracles on their body and the air tubes
called tracheae are the respiratory organs.

v The aquatic animals like fish, prawns and mussels have gills as the respiratory organs which
extract oxygen dissolved in water and take away carbon dioxide from the body.
198
v Prokaryotic bacteria and blue-green algae (also known as cyanobacteria) belong to the kingdom
Monera. The kingdom Monera includes all single-celled organisms that lack a true nucleus and
other membrane-bound organelles, making them prokaryotic. Bacteria and blue-green algae are
examples of prokaryotes, which are distinct from eukaryotes found in other kingdoms like
Protista, Fungi, and Plantae.
199
v The colour of the skin is mainly defined by the presence of the pigment called melanin. Melanin is
a dark pigment produced by special cells called melanocytes, which are located in the epidermis
(the outer layer of the skin). The amount and type of melanin in the skin determine its colour,
ranging from light to dark shades.
v When the skin is exposed to sunlight, melanocytes produce more melanin as a protective
response against harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This is why people tend to get tanned when
exposed to the sun, as the increased melanin production darkens the skin.
200
v Mammals and birds are warm-blooded, which means that they can make their own body heat
even when it is cold outside. Whether it is sunny and hot outside or there is a snowstorm and it is
very cold, warm-blooded animals have body temperatures that usually stay the same.
v Cold-blooded animals, like reptiles, amphibians, and fish, become hotter and colder, depending on
the temperature outside. For example, when the sun sets at night, their bodies are cooler because
it is less warm outside. When the sun is out, however, their bodies soak up the heat and become
warmer.
201
v The mercury and sodium street lamps light up because of atomic emission. Atomic emission
occurs when a valence electron in a higher energy atomic orbital return to a lower energy atomic
orbital.

v In the case of mercury lamps, the gas inside the lamp is mercury vapor. When electricity is passed
through the vapor, it excites the mercury atoms, and they emit ultraviolet (UV) light. The inner
surface of the lamp is coated with a phosphorescent material that converts the UV light into
visible light, producing the characteristic bluish-white light of a mercury lamp.
202
v Protoplasm is a term used for the combination of nucleus and cytoplasm. Nucleoplasm is the term
used for the liquid substance present in the nucleus.
203
v There are two terms which explain the different phenomena mentioned in the options. Diffusion
and osmosis. Diffusion is the intermingling of substances by the natural movement of their
particles. Examples of diffusion here are A, B and D.
v Osmosis is the process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable
membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.
v Absorption of water by plant roots is an example of osmosis.
Hence, option C is correct.
204
v There are two types of vitamins present in our body. Water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble
vitamins. Examples of water-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D and K.
v Examples of water-soluble vitamins include Vitamin B12 and vitamin C
v The fat-soluble vitamins are soluble in lipids. These vitamins are usually absorbed in fat globules
(called chylomicrons) that travel through the lymphatic system of the small intestines and into the
general blood circulation within the body. These fat-soluble vitamins, especially vitamins A and E,
are then stored in body tissues.
205
v In eukaryotic cells, which include all animal, plant, and fungal cells, the synthesis of RNA takes
place primarily in the nucleus. The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's

genetic material, including the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Inside the nucleus, DNA serves as the
template for RNA synthesis.
206
v The leaves of a plant fall due to the presence of the hormone Ethylene. Ethylene is a gaseous
plant hormone that plays a crucial role in several aspects of plant growth, development, and
responses to environmental stressors. One of its significant effects is promoting leaf abscission,
which is the process by which leaves are shed from the plant.
v Auxin is involved in promoting cell elongation and tropisms (plant growth in response to external
stimuli), Gibberellin is associated with stem elongation and seed germination, and Abscisic Acid is
mainly related to stress responses and regulation of seed dormancy.
207
v Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum

subspecies pallidum. It may also be transmitted from mother to baby during pregnancy.
v Treponema pallidum is a spirochete bacterium responsible for causing syphilis in humans. It is a

sensitive organism that cannot survive outside the human body for long periods, making sexual
transmission the main mode of infection.
208
v The transport of soluble products of photosynthesis, such as sugars (e.g., sucrose), amino acids,
and other organic compounds, occurs in the phloem. The phloem is one of the two main types of
vascular tissue in plants, the other being xylem.
v The xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the
plant, while the phloem is responsible for transporting the products of photosynthesis (sugar and
other nutrients) from the leaves to other parts of the plant, including growing tissues, storage
organs, and roots.
209
v The gland responsible for the secretion of growth hormone is the Pituitary Gland. The pituitary
gland, also known as the "master gland," is a small pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain,
just below the hypothalamus. It plays a crucial role in regulating various hormones that control
several bodily functions.

v One of the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland is the growth hormone (also known as
somatotropin). As the name suggests, the growth hormone is responsible for stimulating growth
and development in the body. It promotes the growth of bones, muscles, and other tissues during
childhood and adolescence.
210
v Thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands which is found in the neck. It is known to
control the body’s metabolism, temperature appetite, muscle strength, etc.
v The thyroid gland is situated in the neck. It is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front
of the neck, just below the Adam's apple (thyroid cartilage). It is an endocrine gland responsible for
producing and secreting thyroid hormones.
v The thyroid gland plays a vital role in maintaining normal body temperature. Thyroid hormones,
specifically thyroxine. It influence the body's energy production and heat generation, which in turn
helps in maintaining a stable body temperature.
211
v The floral part that receives pollen grains during pollination is the stigma. The stigma is a crucial
part of the female reproductive organ of a flower, known as the pistil.
v The pistil typically consists of three main parts: the stigma, the style, and the ovary.
212
v The SI unit of intensity of sound is Watt per Square meter. It is commonly referred as Decibels.
213
v Gun Metal is an alloy of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), and Tin (Sn).
v The composition of these metals is-. 88% copper, 8–10% tin, and 2–4% zinc.
v It is used to make steam and hydraulic castings, valves, gears, statues, and various small objects,
such as buttons.

214
v When a light of suitable wavelength falls on a metal surface it transfers its energy to that surface
and an electron is ejected. This principle is called the Photoelectric effect.
v The photoelectric effect can be explained by the particle nature of the light, in which light can be
visualized as a stream of particles of electromagnetic energy. These particles of light are called
Photons.
v The energy held by a photon is related to the frequency of the light via Planck’s equation.
v E = h𝜈 = hc/λ
Where,
E denotes the energy of the photon
h is Planck’s constant
𝜈 denotes the frequency of the light
c is the speed of light (in a vacuum)
λ is the wavelength of the light
215
v When two ice cubes are pressed together and join to form one cube, the process is facilitated by
the formation of hydrogen bonds. Ice is a solid form of water, and its molecular structure is a
lattice of water molecules held together by hydrogen bonds.
v Hydrogen bonds are a type of weak chemical bond that occurs between a hydrogen atom in one
molecule and an electronegative atom (such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine) in another molecule.
216
v Lockjaw is the last phase of tetanus, which is a serious bacterial infection caused by the bacterium
Clostridium tetani.
v The bacteria are commonly found in soil, dust, and animal faeces, and they can enter the body
through cuts, wounds, or puncture injuries.
v The disease progresses through several stages, and the last phase, referred to as lockjaw, occurs
when the muscles of the jaw and neck become severely affected.
217

v Resolving power is the capacity of an optical instrument to resolve two points which are closely
placed.
v Resolving power may refer to Angular resolution. Spectral resolution. Optical resolution.
218
v Dentists and ENT doctors use concave mirrors in their treatment procedure to obtain a larger
image than the original size of teeth, ears or skin etc.
v The doctor needs to see an enlarged image and it cannot be formed by a convex or a plane mirror.
219
v Deficiency of thiamine (Vitamin B1) can lead to Beri-Beri. It is mostly found in the area where
polished rice is a major component of the diet.
v Beri-Beri can lead to symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, nerve problems, and heart issues.
220
v The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence (the angle between the incident ray and
the normal, a line perpendicular to the reflecting surface) is always equal to the angle of reflection
(the angle between the reflected ray and the normal) when a ray of light reflects off a smooth
surface.
221
v Mirage is an optical illusion such as the appearance of a sheet of water in a desert or in which
distant objects are seen inverted. It is formed by refraction and total
internal reflection.
222

v The speed of sound in a medium is inversely proportional to the square root of the medium’s
density. The density of moist air is less than the density of dry air.
v In this case, moist air has a higher water vapour content, which reduces its overall density
compared to dry air. Since the density of moist air is lower than that of dry air, sound travels faster
in moist air.
223
v The Doppler Effect is applicable to both light waves and sound waves. It describes the shift in
frequency or wavelength of a wave as observed by an observer moving
relative to the wave source.
224
v Equation y = mt + c represents linear velocity with respect to time linear velocity and the time
graph shows that the particle is moving with constant acceleration.
v A linear equation of the form y = mt + c for a velocity-time graph indicates that the velocity of the
particle is changing at a constant rate (represented by the slope, m). This means that the particle is
experiencing constant acceleration, which can be either positive or negative depending on the sign
of the slope.
225
v The genetic disorder that occurs due to an additional chromosome added to the 21st autosomal
chromosome and results in mental retardation, protruded eyes, and irregular physical structure is
called Down's Syndrome (also known as Trisomy 21).
v In Down's Syndrome, individuals have three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two
copies, leading to the characteristic features and developmental challenges associated with this
condition.
226
v Auxin is an important plant hormone. It controls the growth of plants. It is formed in the apex
parts of plants. It prevents the separation of leaves, destroys straws and saves crops from falling.
227

v Blood groups are classified based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface
of red blood cells. These antigens determine a person's blood type.
v The ABO blood group system is based on the presence of two antigens, A and B, on the surface of
red blood cells. Blood type A has A antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
v Blood type B has B antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
v Blood type AB has both A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
v Blood type O has neither A nor B antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
v The Rh blood group system is based on the presence or absence of the Rh factor (Rh antigen),
also known as the D antigen, on the surface of red blood cells.
228
v Bile juice is a greenish-yellow secretion that is produced in the liver and passed to the gallbladder
for concentration, storage, or transport into the first region of the small intestine, the duodenum.
Its function is to aid in the digestion of fats in the duodenum.
v In the small intestine, bile helps in emulsifying fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets,
which aids in their digestion and absorption. Bile also helps in the absorption of fat-soluble
vitamins (A, D, E, and K) from the small intestine into the bloodstream.
229
v Hydrochloric acid is a colourless and odourless solution of hydrogen chloride and water; with
chemical formula HCl. It is used in digestion. Apart from that it is also used in
Ø As a bathroom cleaner
Ø As a pickling agent before galvanization
Ø In leather tanning industry
Ø In dying and textile industry
v Sulphuric acid is used in the manufacturing of alum.
230

v The process of Vulcanization is used to strengthen and stabilize natural rubber by adding Sulphur
to it.
v During vulcanization, the rubber is heated along with Sulphur, which leads to the cross-linking of
polymer chains in the rubber. This cross-linking makes the rubber more durable, less sticky, and
more resistant to heat and other environmental factors.
v Vulcanized rubber is commonly used in various industrial and commercial applications, including
tyres, gaskets, seals, and various other products where elasticity and resilience are required.
231
v Receptors used to detect taste are known as Gustatory Receptors. These specialized receptors
are located on the taste buds, which are found on the tongue and some other parts of the mouth.
This process allows us to perceive the various tastes, such as sweet, sour, bitter, and salty.
v Olfactory receptors detect the smell. Nerve cell receptors detect temperature etc.
232
v Information from one neuron flows to another neuron across a synapse. A synapse is a
specialized junction or gap between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron.
v When an electrical signal (action potential) reaches the end of the axon, it triggers the release of
chemical neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on
the dendrite of the adjacent neuron, transmitting the signal from one neuron to the next.
233
v The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is part of the nervous system that facilitates
communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and the rest of the body.
v The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all the nerves and ganglia
outside the CNS. The PNS is responsible for carrying sensory information from the sensory organs
and receptors to the CNS and transmitting motor commands from the CNS to the muscles and
glands throughout the body, allowing us to interact with and respond to the external environment.
234
v The part of the brain responsible for maintaining balance and coordinating movements, such as
walking in a straight line or riding a bicycle, is called the Cerebellum.

v The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain, and it plays a crucial role in motor control,
balance, posture, and coordination. It receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal
cord, and other parts of the brain, and it helps in fine-tuning and refining movements to ensure
smooth and coordinated actions.
235
v Statement I is incorrect as the plasma transports food, carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes.
v Statement II is incorrect as oxygen is carried by the red blood cells.
v Statement III is Correct. Blood makes up around 7% of the weight of a human body.
236
v The separation of the right side and the left side of the heart is useful to keep oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood from mixing. Such separation is useful in beings that have high energy needs
and constantly use energy to maintain their body temperature. Ex: Mammals.
v n some animals like reptiles, the body temperature depends on the temperature in the
environment. Such animals have three-chambered hearts and tolerate some mixing of the
oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood streams.
v Fishes have only two chambers to their hearts, and the blood is pumped to the gills, is oxygenated
there, and passes directly to the rest of the body. Thus, blood goes only once through the heart in
the fish during one cycle of passage through the body.
237
v Xylem moves water and minerals obtained from the soil. The other, phloem transports products
of photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts.
238
v The small intestine is the site of the complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. It
receives the secretions of the liver and pancreas for this purpose.
v The liver and stomach also play important roles in digestion, but the small intestine is where most
of the process occurs, and it is the main site for absorbing nutrients from the digested food. The
large intestine, on the other hand, primarily absorbs water and electrolytes and is not involved in
the complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

239
v The inner lining of the small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called villi. It increases
the surface area for absorption in the small intestines. The villi are richly supplied with blood
vessels which take the absorbed food to each and every cell of the body, where it is utilized for
obtaining energy, building up new tissues and the repair of old tissues. The unabsorbed food is
sent into the large intestine where more villi absorb water from this material.
240
v Atomic Number of Iron is 26. Therefore, number of protons is 26.
v We know that, for an atom, atomic number = Number of Protons = Number of Electrons.
v For Cation, Atomic Number = Number of Protons > Number of electrons.
is a cation and it has 2 less electrons as compared to the Iron atom. Therefore, number of
electrons are 24.
Hence, option (B) is correct.
241
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245
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248
249
250
251
252

254
255
256
257
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259
260
261
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263
Infrared waves vibrate not only the electrons, but entire atoms or molecules of a substance. This
vibration increases the internal energy and consequently, the temperature of the substance.
Therefore, infrared waves are often called as heat waves.
264
UV light in large quantities has harmful effects on humans. But fortunately, most of it is
absorbed in the ozone layer in the atmosphere at an altitude of about 40 – 50 km.
265
Tungsten is mostly used to manufacture filaments of electric bulbs. Among all the metals,
Tungsten has the highest melting point. Its symbol is W, its atomic number is 74, and its atomic
weight is 183.85. It is used in many other high temperature application because of its high
melting point.
266
Carbon dioxide can be obtained as a solid in the form of dry ice by allowing the liquified CO2 to
expand rapidly.
267
Centrifugation is a mechanical process that utilizes an applied centrifugal force field to separate
the components of a mixture.
268

Noble gases such as Helium, Neon and Argon have an electron affinity nearly zero because they
have octet configuration. Argon has all filled orbitals as well as a filled valence shell. As a result,
it doesn’t want to lose or gain any electrons. Fluorine, Chlorine and Bromine belong to the
Halogen group with electron affinity (inkJ/mol) of 328.0, 349.0, 324.6 respectively.
269
Antacids are a class of medicines that neutralize acid in the stomach. They contain ingredients
such as aluminum, calcium, or magnesium which act as bases (alkalis) to counteract the stomach
acid and lower pH. They work quickly and are used to relieve symptoms of acid reflux,
heartburn or indigestion.
270
An optical fiber is a flexible, transparent fiber made of glass (silica) or plastic, slightly thicker
than a human hair. It functions as a waveguide, or glight pipeh, to transmit light between the
two ends of the fiber. Optical fibres working on principle based on total internal reflection (TIR)
are widely used in endoscopy and fiber-optic communications, which permits transmission over
longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data rates) than other forms of communication.
Optical fibers typically include a transparent eladding material with a lower index of refraction.
Light is kept in the core by total internal reflection. This causes the fiber to out as a wave guide.
271
272
v When oil is spilled or dropped on water, it spreads out and forms a thin layer on the surface. This
spreading behaviour is primarily due to the difference in surface tension between oil and water.
v Surface tension is a property of liquids that describes the cohesive forces between their molecules
at the surface.
v This is because water molecules have strong cohesive forces, causing them to be strongly attracted
to each other and form a "skin" or surface layer.
273
v "LASER" stands for "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation."
v The acronym LASER represents the fundamental principle and mechanism behind how lasers work.
It describes the process of amplifying light through stimulated emission and generating a
coherent, focused beam of light.
274
v Aqua Regia is a mixture of 3 parts concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 1 part concentrated
nitric acid (HNO3).

v Aqua Regia is a highly corrosive and powerful mixture used for various purposes, such as gold and
platinum refining and etching of metals. It is called "royal water" because of its ability to dissolve
noble metals, which are otherwise resistant to other acids.
v Nitric acid provides the oxidizing power, while hydrochloric acid helps to generate chlorine gas,
which enhances the overall reactivity of the mixture.
275
v In an aircraft, the force that propels it through the air is the Thrust Force. Thrust is the force
produced by the engines or propulsion system of the aircraft that overcomes drag and allows the
aircraft to move forward.
v The engines generate thrust by expelling a high-velocity jet of gases in the opposite direction to the
desired motion. This action follows Newton's third law of motion, which states that for every
action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
276
v Heavy water used as a coolant in nuclear reactors refers to water that contains heavy isotopes of
hydrogen, specifically deuterium (2H).
v Heavy water, also known as deuterium oxide (D2O), replaces both hydrogen atoms with
deuterium. It has slightly different physical and chemical properties compared to regular water
(H2O), mainly due to the difference in mass of the hydrogen isotopes.
v In a nuclear reactor, heavy water is used as a coolant and moderator. As a coolant, it helps transfer
heat away from the reactor core, preventing overheating. As a moderator, it slows down the
neutrons released during nuclear reactions, allowing for sustained nuclear fission.
277
v The Hydrogen Bomb works on the principle of Uncontrolled Nuclear Fusion reaction.
v Nuclear fusion involves the process of combining atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus, releasing
an enormous amount of energy in the process.
v The uncontrolled nuclear fusion process begins with the fusion of deuterium and tritium nuclei,
which forms a heavier nucleus and releases a tremendous amount of energy. This energy, in turn,
triggers a chain reaction of additional fusion reactions, leading to a massive release of energy in
the form of an extremely powerful explosion.
278
v Alkali metals are a group of elements located in Group 1 of the periodic table. They are known for
their highly reactive nature and ability to readily lose their outermost electron to form a positive
ion.
v List of Alkali Metals in the periodic table are Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium
(Rb), Cesium (Cs) and Francium (Fr).

v Alkaline earth metals are a group of elements located in Group 2 of the periodic table. The group
includes Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), and Radium
(Ra).
279
v The phenomenon of Total Internal Reflection is utilized in optical fibers, which are widely used for
communication and transmission of light signals over long distances.
v The conditions required for the total internal reflection are:
Ø The light rays move from a higher refractive index medium to a lower refractive index
medium.
Ø The angle of incidence must be greater than the critical angle.
v In the case of optical fibers, the core of the fiber has a higher refractive index, while the cladding
surrounding the core has a lower refractive index. When light enters the core at an angle greater
than the critical angle, it undergoes multiple total internal reflections, bouncing off the interface
between the core and cladding.
280
281
v Deserts have sandy terrain, which has lower heat capacity and thermal conductivity compared to
the soil found in plains or grasslands.
v During the day, the sun’s rays heat the sand in the desert, and it absorbs and retains a significant
amount of heat. However, as night falls the sand loses heat more rapidly because it has less
thermal mass and can radiate the stored heat energy back into the atmosphere.
v As a result, the desert cools down faster during the night, leading to cooler temperatures
compared to the plains.
282
v A galvanometer is the instrument used to measure the presence of current in a circuit. It is a device
that detects and measures small electric currents whereas an Ammeter is a device used to
measure the amount of current in the circuit.
v Voltmeter is used to measure the voltage or potential difference in the circuit.
v Odometer is a device used to measure the distance travelled by a vehicle.
283
v Dispersion is the phenomenon where light rays separate into different colours due to their
different wavelengths when passing through a medium, such as a prism or a droplet of water.
v When white light, which consists of a combination of different wavelengths corresponding to

various colours, interacts with a medium, the different wavelengths of light bend or refract at

slightly different angles as they pass through.
284
v The headlamps of cars typically use a parabolic concave mirror. This type of mirror has a curved
surface that is shaped like a section of a parabola. The parabolic shape allows the mirror to reflect
light from the bulb placed at its focal point in a highly directional and focused manner.
v The use of a parabolic concave mirror in car headlamps is advantageous because it can gather and
reflect light from the bulb to create a beam with a wide reach and intensity. This helps to enhance
visibility for the driver and increase the effectiveness of the headlight system, especially in
illuminating distant objects.
285
v The ionosphere is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere located approximately 60 to 1,000
kilometres above the Earth's surface. It is so named because it consists of a high concentration of
ions and free electrons.
v The ionosphere plays a significant role in reflecting radio waves. Radio waves are a type of
electromagnetic radiation, and when they encounter the ionosphere, they interact with the free
electrons and ions present in this layer. These interactions cause the radio waves to be reflected to
Earth, allowing long-distance communication.
286
v Boric acid is a compound that is commonly used in powders and antiperspirants to prevent
excessive sweating during summer. It has antiperspirant properties and can help reduce sweating
by inhibiting the activity of sweat glands.
v Hydrochloric acid is called Muriatic acid.
v Phenol is called a Carbolic acid.
287
v The phenomenon that helps insects to walk on the surface of the water is surface tension. Surface
tension is the cohesive force present at the surface of a liquid, which gives rise to the formation of
a "skin" or layer on the surface. This property allows certain insects, such as water striders or pond
skaters, to walk on water without sinking.
v Insects that walk on water distribute their weight over a large surface area by using their long and
slender legs. The surface tension of the water supports their weight and prevents them from
breaking through the surface.
288
v In a neutral atom, the total number of protons and electrons are equal but the number of neutrons
varies. The number of neutrons is equal to the difference between the mass number of the atom
and the atomic number.

v The mass number is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
v For example, Cl. Here, the atomic mass of Chlorine is 35 and the number of protons or atomic
number is 17, therefore,
Ø the number of neutrons = Mass number – Number of Protons or Atomic number
Ø the number of neutrons in Chlorine = 35 – 17 = 18
289
Kepler’s First law: It is also known as law of orbits. It states that every planet revolves around the sun in
an elliptical orbit. The sun is situated at one foci of the ellipse.
290
291
v Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles, which are specialized structures with specific
functions. These organelles are surrounded by a membrane that separates their internal
environment from the rest of the cell.
v Examples of Membrane bound Organelles in Eukaryotic cells are: nucleus, mitochondria,

endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and Peroxisomes.
292
v Cell wall of Fungus (Mushroom) is made up of Chitin which is a polysaccharide.
v Outer covering of insects (ants) is made up of Chitin.
v Glucose made by plant is stored in the form of Starch. Major starch which we take in our food is
Rice, Wheat, Maize, Potato.
v Outer covering of the capsule is also made up of Starch.
v Rayon is an artificial polysaccharide used in the textile industry.
Hence, option (D) is correct.
293
v Apart from the nucleus, Mitochondria is the cell organelle which contains DNA in the cell.
Mitochondria is called as the Powerhouse of the Cell. They are responsible for the generation of
energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Tri-phosphate) through a process called cellular respiration.
v One distinctive feature of mitochondria is that they contain their own DNA, known as
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mitochondrial DNA is a small, circular molecule of DNA that carries
genetic information necessary for the production of certain proteins involved in energy
production.

294
v Vitamins are the biomolecules which are required in small quantities for the growth and repair of
the tissues. They are basically responsible for the defense mechanism of our body.
v Vitamins was discovered by Casimir Funk.
v Vitamins are categorized into two parts: Fat Soluble Vitamins and Water-Soluble Vitamins.
v Fat Soluble Vitamins are: Vitamin – A, Vitamin – D, Vitamin – E, Vitamin – K.
v Water Soluble Vitamins are: Vitamin – B and Vitamin – C.
295
296
v Teeth of the human body is made up of Calcium Phosphate. Calcium is responsible for the rigidity
of the teeth while phosphorus is responsible for formation of the teeth.
v Hardest part of our body is Enamel which is present in our teeth.
v Enamel is protected by the Fluorine. If there is deficiency of fluorine then tooth decay will take
place. If there is excessiveness of fluorine then dark black patches will appear on the teeth.
v Excessiveness of Fluorine is called as Fluorosis.
297
v Lycopene pigment is found in tomato. It is a bright red pigment.
v Anthocyanin pigment is present in Brinjal, Onion. It is pink and violet coloured pigment.
v Betalene pigment is present in Beetroot, Turnip, Jamun. It is purple-violet in color.
v Xanthocyanin is present in Radish. It is white in color.
v Carotenoids pigments are present in Carrots, orange, papaya, Mango.
298
The mitochondria, also known as the “powerhouse of the cell,” are the organelles that produce energy within the
cell. The mitochondria are the major site for ATP generation and play a significant role in cellular respiration.
299
The digesting enzymes are found in lysosomes. When lysosomes rupture, digestive enzymes are released, which

begin digesting the body’s own cells. That’s why they’re referred to as suicidal bags.
300
The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, is a factory where proteins from the ER are further
processed and sorted before being transported to their final destinations: secretion, lysosomes, or the plasma
membrane.

1 Which of The Following Is The Largest Artery of The Human Body?

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1 Which of The Following Is The Largest Artery of The Human Body?

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1. General Science - 300 Questions

Section 1 : General Science - 300 Questions

1 Which of the following is the largest artery of the human body?

Correct: +1 · Incorrect: -0.25

2 Which of the given options is known as a hard substance?

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General Science · General Science · Questions Page 1 of 201

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4 Name the technique by which seawater changed into portable water.

Correct: +1 · Incorrect: -0.25

5 What is the reason behind the hardness of water?

A. Due to chlorides and sulphates

B. Due to magnesium bicarbonate

C. Due to calcium bicarbonate sulphates

General Science · General Science · Questions Page 2 of 201

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D. None of the above

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7 What is the reason why water is a good solvent?

A. It has a high boiling point

B. It has a high dipole moment

C. It has a high specific heat

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General Science · General Science · Questions Page 3 of 201

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9 Which of the following glands is a ductless gland?

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General Science · General Science · Questions Page 4 of 201

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12 The common name of Sulphur is _____________.

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General Science · General Science · Questions Page 5 of 201

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D. All of the above

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16 In which of the given organisms, haemoglobin is dissolved in protoplasm?

General Science · General Science · Questions Page 6 of 201

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17 Which of the given antibodies are formed in blood plasma?

Correct: +1 · Incorrect: -0.25

18 Which of the following phenomena is involved in Kaleidoscope?

C. Total Internal Reflection

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19 Which among the following determines the pitch of the sound?

General Science · General Science · Questions Page 7 of 201

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20 Which of the following statement is Correct?

A. All metals are solid at room temperature

B. Non-metals generally produce a ringing sound on hitting

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21 The percentage of carbon present in steels are ____________.

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General Science · General Science · Questions Page 8 of 201

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23 What is the term used for the synthesis of DNA?

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24 How many pairs of autosomes are present in humans?

General Science · General Science · Questions Page 9 of 201

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27 Which of the following cell organelles form the lysosome?