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SN SECTION
Training Manual for Telephone PABX
1
System
 Introduction

Telephone & Structured cabling System

Structured cabling is a complete cabling and hardware system that

provides a comprehensive telecommunication infrastructure to help an
organization run its networking tasks smoothly. In a more literal sense, it is
the standardized equipment and architectural environment as presented by the
TIA/EIA Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard. The
standards are used as a guide by manufacturers to ensure interoperability.
Structured cabling is used in a range of areas, including data centres,
manufacturing facilities, offices, and others. The system serves a wide range
of purposes, such as data transmission and telephone service

The overall purpose of the Voice / Data distribution cabling system

is to provide a STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEM for
connecting each of the Telephone and Data outlets to the
respective operating systems.

Components of a Structured cabling system

 Structured Cabling System

MDF/IDF-Rack

Site Photographs

MDF -Telephone
Rack

Main Distribution Frame/Intermediate Distribution Frame is used to occupy all the cat6/Fibre
connectivity from the field sockets. It is terminated using specially designed terminal blocks called
patch panels which is easy to distribute the fibre or cat6 cable systematically.

All the Major Active and passive components are installed on this rack for easy access and safety.

Cat6/Cat6A Cables

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Short for Cat 6A Cables Category 6, Cat6 is an Ethernet

cable standard defined by the Electronic Industries Association (EIA) and
Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA). What is Cat6 cable used for? As the sixth
generation of twisted pair Ethernet cabling, Cat6 cable consists of four twisted pairs and is
either terminated by an RJ45 or terminated on a patch or a keystone jack. Theoretically, the
maximum speed of the Cat6 network cable is 10Gbps.
A single run of Ethernet cable is designed to work at a maximum distance of 100 meters
(328 ft). A length longer than that will result in issues such as dropped packets, reduced
performance, and loss of signal when deploying Cat6 cable. The max length of a Cat6 cable
usually consists of 90 meters (295 ft) of solid "horizontal" cabling between the patch panel
and the wall jack, plus 5 meters (16 ft) of stranded patch cable between each jack and the
attached device. For 10GBASE-T, an unshielded Cat6 cable should not exceed 55 meters.
Common Fault Troubleshooting Steps
Continuity errors
Check whether the cable is broken /twisted by using Fluke or Pair tester machine.
Check the punching in field side and patch panel side keystone jack

Fibre Optic Cables

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Fibre-multimode Cables

Fiber Optics, also called optical fibers, are microscopic strands of very pure glass with about
the same diameter of a human hair. Thousands of these optical fibers are arranged in
bundles in optical cables and are used to transmit light signals over long distances. The
bundles are protected by a jacket, which is the cable's outer covering.

The single optical fiber consists of the core which is the thin glass center of the fiber where
the light travels, the outer optical material that surrounds the core and reflects the light
back into it is the cladding, and the plastic coating that protects the fiber from moisture and
damage is the buffer coating.

Single-mode and multi-mode are the two types of optical fibers. The single-mode, used for
long distances, has small cores and transmits infrared laser light. The multi-mode, normally
used for short distances, has large cores and transmits infrared light.
Common Fault Troubleshooting Steps

Fibre Connectivity Errors

Check with a laser source or otdr machine for identifying the cable damages

Check the Splicing is broken or not by opening the Patch panel splice tray.

Cat 6 Patch Panel

Site Photograph

Cat 6A Patch Panels

A patch panel in a local area network (LAN) is a mounted hardware assembly that
contains ports that are used to connect and manage incoming and outgoing LAN
cables. A patch panel provides a way to keep large numbers of cables organized,
enabling flexible connectivity into network hardware located in a data centre or
an access or wiring closet.
Common Fault Troubleshooting Steps

Keystone Punching Issue-Connection error

Check the Keystone punching is correct and no loose contacts in the Pins

Fibre Patch Panel

Site Photograph

Cat 6A Cables
The fibre patch panel is used to terminate fibre optic cables and make it
accessible to individual fibre optic cable for cross connection. A basic fibre
optic panel is typically made of metal. It contains the adapter panels, the
connector couplers, and a splice tray. The fibre optic cables connect to the
adapter panels through the couplers. The splice tray allows cables to be neatly
arranged in the panel.
Common Fault Troubleshooting Steps

Splicing Issue-Connection error

Open the splice tray in the patch panel and check the splicing is broken or not.
Proper splicing required to get good system communication.

Cable Manager
Site Photograph

Cable manager (Corning)Assembly

Cable management is essential to create a visually pleasing and clean work

environment. Managing cables or wires help maintain basic functionality and
protects the devices from the clogged airflow due to messy and disorganized
cables. Tangled wires or cables are generally frustrating and time-consuming to
untangle.
 Telephone System
IP telephony refers to any phone system that uses an internet
connection to send and receive voice data. Unlike a regular
telephone that uses landlines to transmit analog signals, IP phones
connect to the internet via a router and modem.

Since then, internet-based phone technology has improved by

leaps and bounds. IP telephony now offers HD voice quality,
cheaper running costs, and advanced business phone features.

How Does IP Telephony Work?

IP telephone systems use the Internet Protocol (IP) or other digital

protocols to transfer voice communications over the internet.
If you use an IP PBX system, the data is transferred digitally on a
Local Area Network (LAN), and then transformed to analog voice
signals and sent to the PSTN.

Here’s a breakdown of how the VoIP system work

With hosted VoIP, your IP phone sends digital data over the
internet to your provider. Your provider handles the routing of
calls, call queues, and everything else in the cloud.

You can also use SIP trunking to connect a legacy IP PBX to a

modern VoIP provider to take advantage of missing features.
IP telephony describes any system that fits within the internet-
based telecommunications umbrella, including fax and other
systems.
Initially, the term VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) was more
specific. It only referred to the technology used to make and
receive phone calls over the internet.

In recent years, though, even VoIP providers and

telecommunications companies have started to use these terms
interchangeably. IP telephony and VoIP both cover phone systems
that use a LAN (local area network) to connect to the internet via a
modem/router.

IP telephony relies on a variety of open-source protocols to

transfer data from the phone to the service provider.

Here are the three most common:

 SIP Protocol
 H.323 Protocol
 RTP/RTCP Protocols

Components of a Telephone system

PABX

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PABX

Private Automatic Branch Exchange (PABX) has powered corporate

communication systems for many years. PABX consists of several components,
such as stations and lines in a closed network. While businesses with a PABX
can use a platform of their choice, their service provider must use a Public
Switched Telephone Network.

Since voice communication is such a key part of corporate operations, some

businesses have decided that every employee must have their own phone. If
the business is using the traditional phone-line architecture, its phone bill will
be quite high. A PABX system can lower the phone bill because many
employees will be using the same phone line. Moreover, the employees will be
able to make internal calls via short extension numbers. Ultimately, the
introduction of a PABX system reduces the number of physical phones within
the business premises.

Common Fault Troubleshooting Steps

PABX Communication Error

Check the Power is up and analogue/digital/IP modules are working

properly(Identify from LED indicators)

Check the LAN connectivity is UP or not(Identify from LED Indicators)

Network Switch
Site Photograph

Network Switches
network switch connects and transmits data packets to and from devices on a local area
network (LAN). Far from a router, a switch only distributes information to the one device for
which it was designed, including some other switch, a router, or a user’s computer, rather
than to several devices in a network.
Nowadays, networks are critical for supporting companies, offering connected services, and
enabling collaboration, among other things. As they link devices that share resources,
network switches are a vital component of all networks.

Common Fault Troubleshooting Steps

Switch Down or Port Error

Check the switch power supply is up or not(Identify from LED)
Check the ethernet port are up and running(Identify from LED)
Cat6 Cable /Patch cord disconnection or loose contact

IP Phone

Site Photograph

IP Phones
IP telephony refers to any phone system that uses an internet connection to send and
receive voice data. Unlike a regular telephone that uses landlines to transmit analog signals,
IP phones connect to the internet via a router and modem.
The first publicly available IP phone arrived on the market as early as 1995. But, compared
to a standard phone system, it had low audio quality and was prohibitively expensive.
Since then, internet-based phone technology has improved by leaps and bounds. IP
telephony now offers HD voice quality, cheaper running costs, and advanced business
phone features.

Common Fault Troubleshooting Steps

IP Phone Offline

Phone Connection Error /offline due to the disconnection from Switch

Check the PABX is connected to the network if no dial information on display.

PABX Software -OXO Connect

Site Photographs

IP Phones

Oxo Connect is used to connect with the PABX system and for programming the system as per client
requirement. It should be activated and registered before proceeding the configuration. from the
software we can do various options for customizing call and communications.

Telephone-PABX Controller Software Training Manual

Step 1:Select remote desktop by entering 192.168.10.9

Step2:Select OMC application Main Desktop

Select installation typical and enter IP of PABX 192.168.10.70&Either Server authentication checked
or without press OK to enter Config Mode

Enter password Pbxk1064

From the Menu you can add/edit system settings and configurations (Not recommended to change
the Admin setup)

From the Subscribers/Base station option ,we can Add/ modify the Extension and telephone setup.
Dial Extension for designated areas as mentioned in below list

Telephone Details
Extension Name & Location Type
200 Operator1 Main 8082 Desk phone
201 Security 8082 Desk phone
202 Office1 Main 8082 Desk phone
203 Fire Control Room 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
204 Compressor Room 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
205 Pantry 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
206 UPS Room 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
207 Battery Room 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
208 Clean Agent Room 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
209 LV Room 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
210 VFD/3.3KV Room 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
211 Pump Hall 1 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
212 Pump Hall Middle 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
213 Pump Hall Exit 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
214 Pump Hall GF 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
215 Store Room 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
216 Server Room 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
217 Operator 2 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
218 Operator 3 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
219 Operator 4 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
220 Office 2 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
221 Office 3 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
222 Office 4 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
223 Office 5 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop
224 Office 6 8008 Wall Mount/Desktop