We present the adhoc based architecture for survivable SAS.

Recent works demonstrate that ring based Ethernet topology is preferable for SAS due to resilient capability and fast recovery [7, 15]. In the event of link failure, the operation of SAS could be recovered using IEEE 802.1W Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) within millisecond. This topology, however, only considers the link failure in station level. If one of switches in station level, which also connecting the bay level, fails, IEDs connected to the switch lost their connections to the station level devices which leads to communication failure between the buses. To ensure the reliable communication between the buses, other protection architecture is required. By exploiting data relaying property of adhoc network, we could provide SAS a survivability for reliable communication

In addition to electromagnetic interference, the substation there is multipath interference can not be ignored. As a large number of substations in the column of metal equipment and objects easily reflected RF signal, the receiver receives the signal transmission path, including a number of different refraction or reflection of signals , resulting in multipath interference. Will lead to signal multipath fading, phase shift and decomposition, which is to be judged by the signal energy of wireless systems will have a huge impact. However, direct sequence spread spectrum technology for anti-multipath interference has a great advantage, which depends largely on the spread spectrum communication pseudo-random sequence used in the cycle-related characteristics, because the white noise random sequence with similar sharp from the general correlation despreading at the receiver can effectively suppress the interference of multipath signals, to improve the signal to noise ratio and communication quality. Standard DSSS receiver correlator through better automatically select the sharpest waveform signal synchronization than its locked, thereby reducing the multipath interference. Therefore, the application of wireless sensor network technology can be very direct sequence spread spectrum multipath interference suppression. Wireless sensor networks used in direct sequence spread spectrum technology can be a very good strength in the suppression of electromagnetic interference substation, substation that may arise while the multipath interference is a very good inhibition. Therefore, in wireless sensor applications in the substation automation is feasible, but also the development of power system monitoring system inevitable.

The IEC 61850 standard defines automation in electrical substations. It uses standard Ethernet technologies including priority tagging for the communication backbone. Some devices require synchronisation to within a few microseconds. They presently obtain sync using a discrete clock bus. IEEE1588 precision time protocol promises a simpler, more flexible system architecture. By Christoph Brunner and Lars Andersson

Published as a standard for the communication in high voltage substations, IEC 61850 is based on standard Ethernet technologies to enable applications with critical real time requirements in substation automation systems1. In future, use of IEC 61850 is likely to be extended beyond communication within electrical substations. Standards in preparation use the same concepts for the communication within other utility subsystems and possibly the connection of electrical substations and power plants to power grid control centres. Synchronisation requirements Figure 1 gives a possible substation automation system architecture using 61850. An electrical substation is a node in the electrical network were several power lines are connected through the feeders. Control and protection equipment for these feeders forms a major component of the automation system. This equipment is referred to as bay level equipment, one feeder being called a bay. The substation is normally operated from a remote control centre connected through a gateway to the substation. In addition, local operation from a local HMI may also be possible. The control and protection equipment for the different feeders as well as the HMI and gateway are interconnected through a station bus based on 61850 definitions.

Synchrocheck: 100s Protection: 1 to 25s Metering class 0.2: 7.7s

IEEE 1588 for sychronisation To compensate for the drawbacks of the 1pps signal synchronisation, experts are currently investigating the possible use of IEEE1588 to implement synchronisation requirements. The synchronisation solution has to fulfil the following requirements: It shall be an open solution that can be hardware based or done in software only;

It shall have no impact on the communication topology of the substation automation system; It shall support different synchronisation zones depending on the functions that require the synchronisation. Different zones maybe global synchronisation, substation wide synchronisation or substation partial synchronisation. It shall support a graceful degradation with dynamic search for or alternative configuration of master clock

IEEE 1588 technology can support the requirements for accurate synchronisation within a substation automation system. However, the system integrator, when designing the communication network, needs to consider carefully the different synchronisation zones that are required for different functions.