April Joy N. Galvero.

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Module 3: ASSIGNMENT

1.Explain why you shouldn’t taste minerals.

Only soluble minerals have a taste, but it is very important that minerals not be placed in the
mouth or on the tongue. In some situations, taste can be a very useful quality and a clue to identity.
Halite, or rock salt, is the mineral that is most frequently "tasted," but there are other minerals that
have distinct tastes as well. Do not lick the mineral specimen when tasting it. A lick can result in a
significant amount of unnecessary absorption of a deadly chemical from some minerals. It is advised
that the test subject wet their finger first, then place it on the specimen, and then taste the finger. This
ought to give you just enough of a flavor without coating your tongue with a potentially unpleasant or
even deadly mineral. You should not test for this property.

2. How do Coal and Petroleum are formed, explain the process?

Ancient plant life that existed millions of years ago degraded, creating coal and petroleum. This
decomposed plant material began to accumulate, eventually producing peat. These minerals were
gradually converted into coal by the heat and pressure of geological processes. Incombustible mineral
stuff, moisture, and the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and Sulphur make up coal.

Process of Coal Formation

1. In wetlands and mires, dead plant material like ferns, shrubs, vines, trees, and algae builds up on
the surface. Bacteria first break down the organic material, producing carbon dioxide and
methane.
2. The plant matter becomes buried, and are no longer exposed to air. Anaerobic bacteria then
starts to decompose the material. Burial and accumulation can occur for several thousands of
years, producing several meters of partially decayed plant matter known as peat.
3. When this peat is deeply buried, water and other compounds is squeezed out from the
increasing pressure and the lowest quality of coal, lignite, begins for form.
4. Continued burial, resulting in increasing pressures and temperatures, causes this low quality
lignite coal to be transformed into higher quality "black coals". First lignite becomes sub-
bituminous coal, then bituminous coal, and finally the highest quality anthracite coal. As these
transformations occur, the amount of water and other compounds in the coal decreases and the
coal becomes more dense. Along with this comes a higher carbon concentration

Process of Petroleum Formation

As plants, algae, and plankton were drifting in oceans and shallow seas millions of years ago, the
geological conditions that would later give rise to petroleum were developed. At the conclusion of their
lives, these invertebrates sank to the ocean floor. They were eventually covered and crushed by
countless tons of sediment and further layers of plant detritus. Ancient oceans eventually dried up,
leaving behind dry basins known as sedimentary basins. The organic stuff was squeezed down beneath
the basin floor between the Earth's mantle, which has extremely high temperatures, and the millions of
tons of rock and silt above. At these conditions, where oxygen was almost entirely absent, organic
matter started to change into kerogen, a waxy substance

.3. How can the Philippines attain a “Zero Carbon Emissions” in the future?

Attaining a Zero Carbon Emissions in the Philippines might be challenging but we can still achieve
it, rapid transformation will be required across all global systems — from how we power our economies,
to how we transport people and goods and feed a growing population. Furthermore, emissions can be
achieved when any remaining greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) released by human activities are
neutralized by removing all GHG emissions from the atmosphere. For example, the carbon removal
process can help achieve net zero emissions.