Annotation Bibliography

Sherman, Rose O. “Too Young to be a Nurse Leader?” American Nurse Today (January 2013) p. 34-37 vol.
8 no. 1; www.AmercicanNurseToday.

The author discusses how challenging for young nurse leaders to encompass the nursing field.

Studies shows that in more cases, clinical experienced nurses or old nurses with years of experiences

in the field are much acknowledge because of their technical expertise rather than young nurse leader

with high educational background and with a great commitment in the chosen profession. Rose

Sherman exampled Marla Johnson, a 27 year-old nurse who applied for a nurse managerial position.

Marla is very capable with the position because of her quality educational background with great

determination and willingness to learn in the process. However, the interviewers questioned her years

of experience and deliberate that she is too young for it. In spite of that, the author encourages young

nurses to pursue managing their chosen career path and believes that young nurses may lead more

effectively rather than clinical experienced nurses. Rose point out some advices for young nurses to

make their journey much easier such as; being inclusive, wherein they must cover and properly

communicate all their subordinates to gain their trust and to build strong relationship among the

team. Respecting everyone’s skills and abilities, being humble and acknowledging other’s

capabilities will assist the group in much better decision making in the future. In addition, the author

states to keep a focus on the patient and expect some push-backs from others as they may feel

intimidated to young nurse leaders. In Summary, young nurse leaders must show their great intent to

lead the nursing society in much effective ways as this leadership will help the sector by providing

new managing techniques that this generation knew.

Salvage, Jane & White, Jill (2019) “Nursing leadership and health policy: everybody’s business”.
International Council of Nurses p. 147-150.

This article discusses the needs of nurse leaders in the macro perspective society. Most nurses are

just carrying their daily job routines while just following the commands and decisions of others and

only have weak influence in the field although they are capable and knowledgeable in more cases.

This discourse written by Jane and White encourages more nurse leaders to voice out and have a

greater impact in general health policy and have macro-level concerns of policy and politics. To form

the present and future of the nursing profession, nurses must be more active in decision making and

to have an influence in creating health policies for the betterment of the health organization as a

whole. These will not only tackle the health issues but also the policy process. The authors

mentioned that International Council of Nurses (ICN) and World Health Organization (WHO)

starting to acknowledge nurse leaders and launched campaigns to ensure that experienced nurse

leaders are available in many circumstances and carry out greater roles in the society. The campaigns

advocates creating and strengthening strategic nursing leadership style around the world. In its tenth

year, the pioneering program has inspired nearly 300 nurses from different countries now. However,

the world needs more nurse leaders to facilitate the health and policy systems. In line with this, the

organization needs moral and financial supports from the society to carry out their mission. In

conclusion, having nurse leaders will improve and nurture the world’s health and policy issues by

shaping dedicated and skilled nurse leaders. Management will be more efficient and effective by

encouraging nurses to seek leadership skills and will result to much better service in the health

industry.
Al Rhabi, D., Khalid, K., & Khan, M. (2017) “The Effects of Leadership Styles on Team Motivation”.
Academy of Strategic Management Journal. Vol. 16, Issue 2.

The article discusses the different effects of three leadership styles on team motivation under

healthcare sector. Studies shows that team motivation will highly boost the effectiveness and

efficiency of the healthcare industry, thus, the authors elaborate the broader perspective of leadership

styles and point out the overviews of these styles on team motivation. The need for motivation in the

industry is indispensable as it is an essential tool to carry out good quality performances of nurses in

their career. By giving job satisfaction, good working environment, proper labor policies, character

development as well as practicing appreciation and rewards on achieved tasks will lead to achieving

healthcare organization’s goal; to have an excellent patient service. In this article, three leadership

styles such as Authoritarian, Democratic and Laissez-Faire Leadership Style are introduced and

determined which among these styles is more effective to team motivation on healthcare sector. As

per Authoritarian Leadership style, wherein it encompasses the dictatorial style, management only

give commands to their subordinates and will have no right to give their opinions and questioned the

tasks given. This style is advantageous for short-term needed decision and will be effective if

management has high quality expertise on the field. On the other hand, Democratic Leadership style

gives opportunities to subordinates to showcase their abilities and skills by giving them fairly

distribution of responsibilities. This style is best for long decision making process and may be

ineffective if the member lack expertise. Lastly, the Laissez-Fair style that possesses absence of

leadership and give full trust on members to carry out their own decision. This style is only suitable

for organization with long-term employees. On the presented conceptual framework, it shows that

the democratic leadership and authoritarian leadership have positive effects on team motivation, thus

management may apply these styles on their team as it promotes positive welfare on their respective

departments.
Fischer, Shelly A. (2016) “Transformational Leadership in Nursing: A Concept Analysis”. Journal of
Advanced Nursing. p. 2644-2653. doi:10.1111/jan.13049

The author provides an analysis on how transformational leadership brings positive changes on

healthcare industry to improve patient outcomes and have great impact on patient satisfaction. With

transformational leadership, the healthcare sector will possess good communication among nurses and also

good attitude among members. This will lead to nursing satisfaction and retention on the chosen field. This

leadership style will achieve one main goal of nurses which is to serve the patient with utmost care while

balancing their own health care. Fischer presented other leadership style that may contribute to nursing

context but focuses mainly on transformational leadership as it is result to more positive outcome in terms of

nursing satisfaction and patient satisfaction. Study shows that transformational leadership will greatly

achieve through training, education and professional development. Nurse leaders must possess good

characters and skills for them to carry out tasks and manage the team with proper supervision. In the author’s

research, there are few antecedents and consequences that have been discovered such as competencies

among nurses to showcase their capabilities, coaching skills and the ability to instruct subordinates.

Furthermore, this concept is limited for healthcare context as the sector continuously adapting to rapid

changes due to economic structures. As a result, the author concluded that TFL may contribute for future

researches for the foundation of nursing knowledge as it shows interrelation with leadership theory,

education and research and practices to contribute for the betterment of the healthcare organization.

Moreover, this transformational leadership is a key to the success of management’s decision making as it

brings positive outcome to nurses with good communication among others.

Kiwanuka, F., Nanyonga R.C., Sak-Dankosky, N., & Muwanguzi, P. (June 2020) “Nursing Leadership
Styles and their impact on Intensive Care Unit Quality Measures: An integrative review” J Nurs
Manag.2021:29:133-142

This research provides measures of different leadership styles on intensive care unit mentioning

transformational, considerate, exemplary, trusted and absentee leadership as key tools in providing quality

service on health care sector. As the world experiencing global pressures due to the current pandemic, health

organizations must provide exemplary performances that include active participation of nurses around the

world. Nursing leadership is needed as it provides substantial impact on quality measures on ICU to enhance

team's welfare. The authors assessed four different studies to support their research and identified leader’s

characteristics. One study, from Rouse (2009) investigated three aspects of nurse leaders’ participation;

communication, mentoring and planning behaviors. Aside from that, Bratt’s et al. (2000) study highlighted

the elements of effective leadership such as participative and nursing leadership that provides a cohesive

workplace environment in which member can actively collaborate with other health professional effectively.

This study indicates three types of quality measures that nursing leadership provides, such as outcome

measures, structural measures and process measures. The authors' research on outcome measures shows that

nursing leadership indirectly influence job satisfaction as it maintains a good working environment for

nurses. Moreover, active supervision of nurse leaders on intensive care unit had positive effect on

organization structural outcome. In summary, the authors concluded that dependents to leadership style

showed different association with quality measures in ICUs. However, there were no studies describing the

relationship between nursing leadership and process outcome. Thus, this review continuous to promote study

designs that will clearly identify other aspects of nurse leadership styles’ relationship on quality measures on

intensive care unit. However, this research indirectly provides details on how leadership styles can help

management to process the health system in much effective ways and to be in lined with continuously

changing society.