MOBLIE APPLICATION FOR DENTAL CLINIC MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM (Nurse, Accountant, Pharmacist, Laboratories)

PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

C.BALAJI

(Reg. No.: 21PMC015)

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

of the Pondicherry University

DEPARTMENT OF MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

SRI MANAKULA VINAYAGAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institution)

MADAGADIPET, PUDUCHERRY - 605 107.

JULY - 2023
 SRI MANAKULA VINAYAGAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(An Autonomous Institution)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this Project work entitled “MOBLIE APPLICATION FOR
DENTAL CLINIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (Nurse, Accountant, pharmacist,
laboratories” is a bonafide record of work done by C. BALAJI, Reg. No.: 21PMC015, of II Year /
IV Semesterduring the academic year 2022-2023 in partial fulfilment for the award of degree of Master
ofComputer Applications of the Pondicherry University.

This work has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any other degree to the
best of our knowledge.

GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Dr. A. RAMALINGAM,
Professor & Head, Department of
Computer Applications (MCA),
Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engg. College,
Madagadipet, Puducherry - 605 107
Dr. A. RAMALINGAM,
Professor & Head, Department of
Computer Applications (MCA),
Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engg. College,
Madagadipet, Puducherry - 605 107.

Submitted for the End Semester Viva-Voice Examination held on

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINE

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to my internal guide Dr. A.

RAMALINGAM, Professor and Head of Department of Computer Applications
(MCA Programme), for his guidance and help rendered for the successful completion of
the project.

I would also like to express my deepest appreciation to my External guide, Mr.

AJITHKUMAR, for his unwavering support and assistance that greatly contributed to the
progress of my project work.

I wish to thank all the faculty members of the Department of Computer

Applications (MCA Programme), Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College for the
valuable information provided by them in their respective fields.

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my respected Director Cum Principal,

Dr.V.S.K. VENKATACHALAPATHY, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College,
for having given me the opportunity to provide an infrastructure facilities project.

I also take this opportunity to thank The Management, Staffs and Nonteaching
staffs, for their contribution toward this project.

I also express my gratitude towards My Parents for their support, Motivation and
Encouragement in effectively throughout my course.

I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to The Almighty from the depth of
my heart

BALAJI.C
 ABSTRACT
The Mobile Application for dental Clinic Management System is a complete software
program created to automate and streamline the many activities and procedures that take place
within a dental clinic. By centralizing and digitizing important processes including patient
management, appointment scheduling, treatment planning, billing, and inventory management, it
seeks to increase the clinic's overall efficiency, accuracy, and production. Dental clinics have
historically used manual record-keeping systems and paper-based paperwork, which frequently
resulted in mistakes, inefficiencies, and delays. The Mobile Application for dental Clinic
Management System addresses these issues by offering a user-friendly and intuitive interface that
enables dental staff members and professionals to efficiently manage their everyday tasks. The
system streamlines the management of patient data, including personal information, medical
history, and treatment records. This information is readily available and updated by authorized
personnel, ensuring accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Additionally, the system enables
efficient appointment scheduling, enabling staff to manage and optimize the clinic's schedule,
reducing wait times and improving patient satisfaction.

The system includes billing and invoicing functions that enable accurate and automated
invoice production based on the care given. This aids in streamlining the clinic's financial
procedures, cutting down on errors, and enhancing revenue management. Dental supplies and
equipment can be tracked and controlled using inventory management tools, assuring their
availability when needed and cutting down on waste. The management system for dental clinics
also enables the creation of numerous reports and analytics, which offer information about the
efficiency of the clinic, trends in the patient population, and financial analysis. These reports aid
in making decisions, allocating resources, and locating potential improvement areas. The Mobile
Application for dental Clinic Management System, taken as a whole, provides a complete answer
for the successful and efficient management of dental clinics. It increases productivity overall by
automating administrative chores, boosting data accuracy, and it allows dental professionals to
focus more on patient care, ultimately leading to better clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION
1.2 ABOUT THE PROJECT
2. PROBLEM DEFINITION AND FEASIBILITY 3
ANALYSIS
2.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION
2.1.1 EXISTING SYSTEM
2.1.2 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
2.1.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM
2.2 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
2.2.1 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY
2.2.2 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
2.2.3 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY
3. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION 12
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
3.2.1 PURPOSE
3.2.2 SCOPE
3.2.3 OVERVIEW
3.2.4 GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS
3.2.4.1 PRODUCT FUNCTION
3.2.4.2 USER CHARACTERISTICS
3.2.4.3 GENERAL CONSTRAINTS
3.2.5 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
3.2.5.1 TECHNICAL ISSUES
3.2.5.2 RISK ANALYSIS
3.2.6 INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS
3.2.6.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
3.2.6.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
 3.2.7 OTHER FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTES

3.2.7.1 SECURITY
3.2.7.2 RELIABILITY
3.2.7.3 MAINTAINABILITY
3.2.7.4 USABILITY
4. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 29
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 USE CASES AND USE CASE DIAGRAM
4.3 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
4.4 ACITIVITY DIAGRAM
4.5 CLASS DIAGRAM
5. SYSTEM DESIGN 34

5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
5.3 DATA DESIGN
5.3.1 E-R DIAGRAM
5.4 USER INTERFACE DESIGN
6. IMPLEMENTATION 40
7. TESTING 46

7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 TEST PLAN
7.3 UNIT TESTING
7.4 INTEGRATION TESTING
7.5 SYSTEM TESTING
7.6 VALIDATION TESTING
8. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 51

BIBLIOGRAPHY 53
APPENDIX A – SCREEN SHOTS 54
APPENDIX B – SAMPLE CODING 61
APPENDIX C – TECHNOLOGY/ SOFTWARE 72
APPENDIX D – LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 74
 LIST OF TABLES

S.NO TITLE PAGE NO

1 PROJECT SCHEDULING 11

2 UNIT TEST TABLE 48

3 TEST CASE FOR LOGIN 49

4 VALIDATION TEST CASE 50

 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO FIGURES PAGE NO

4.2 USE CASE DIAGRAM 30

4.2 OVERALL USE CASE DIAGRAM 31

4.3 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM 32

4.4 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 32

4.5 CLASS DIAGRAM 33

5.2 ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM 35

5.3 DATA DESIGN DIAGRAM 36

5.3.1 ER-DIAGRAM 37

5.4 USER INTERFACE DESIGN 39

 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

UI- User Interface

MADCMS-Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System

SDK- Software Development Kit

AOT- Ahead-Of-Time

ERP- Enterprise Resource Plan

API- Application Programming Interface

CSV- Comma Separated Value

OTP- One Time Password

UML- Unified Model Language

FCM- Firebase Cloud Messaging

DFD- Data Flow Diagram

ER- Entity Relationship Diagram

IDE- Integrated Development Environment

 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION

Sky Dental Clinic & Implant Center started at the year 2019, it is an initiative of
Pondicherry’s top dentistry products manufacturer. In super specialty center provide the most
up to date general, orthodontic and family dentistry”. Our hospital has grown to provide a world
class facility for the treatment of tooth loss, dental cosmetics and advanced restorative dentistry.

Sky Dental Centre was founded with the goal of integrating the best dental services
with knowledgeable, experienced experts and a focus on customer experience and life cycle.
Along with providing rapid medical attention, the objective is to raise awareness of
preventative and corrective measures. With the best infrastructure and industry-leading dental
professionals, Sky Dental Centre has now developed a strong brand experience. Diagnostics,
treatment planning for all dental issues, and preventative care are all included in the range of
services.

1.2 ABOUT THE PROJECT

The main objective is to develop an android application named “Mobile Application for
Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System (DCMS)” that covers all the aspects
of making appointment of is to provide a system which will records all the patient dental
information that will be kept in a secure database and can be easily keep track by the dentist
and dental staff.

This method enables patients to bypass lengthy lines and helps to reduce issues that can
arise when utilising a manual approach. The crucial thing is that data recording and retrieval
will be made simpler. Additionally, the patient information, patient profiles, dental operations,
etc. are all stored in this software. Dental professionals can handle patient records and
appointments using this system. Patients can choose a dentist to schedule appointments with,
submit their personal information, and update their profile. The technology is user-friendly and
can assist the clinic in managing appointments aside from that. The system aids in avoiding
scheduling overlaps. Patients can view the dentists who are available as well as their
availability and schedule appointments accordingly. Additionally, patients have the choice of a
dental operation and cancel their appointments. The system also allows dentists to log in.

1
Dentists can edit their profile and view their upcoming appointments, patients etc. They can
even input the fee for a certain dental procedure.

The system also features a segment for employees. The entire system can be operated
by dental staff. The information of patients and dentists can be added or removed by dental
personnel. The log session is also seen by dental personnel. The information in the patient
records will be useful to the patient in the future and when applying for the next procedure.

Half of this project's goal is to prevent patients from feeling uncomfortable in the clinic
environment and reduce waiting times for patients. Doctor can verify pre-history of the patient
and ongoing procedure, such as the patient's health record, and can provide medication to the
patient according to the schedule of the day's programme.

In addition, nurse administration is available to keep the patient's medications in

accordance with the doctor's recommended schedule. If the patient's name is not on the
reception list, nurse administration can act as receptionist, providing appointments and
organization.

2
 CHAPTER 2

PROBLEM DEFINITION AND FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

2.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION

Services for comprehensive dental care that provide timely, appropriate, high-quality
interventions to people who require them, while minimising resource waste and maintaining
continuity of care across sites, levels of care, and providers. Our programme has the ability to
automatically record each patient's and the doctor's information while also providing a unique
ID for each patient.

The problem in a Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System refers to
the challenges and issues faced in efficiently managing various aspects of a dental clinic's
operations and patient management.

These problems can include:

• Nursing Role: The nurse is responsible for collecting and documenting patient
information, medical history, and vital signs. The management system should
provide digital forms and templates for easy data entry and retrieval. Integration
with electronic health records (EHR) would be beneficial to ensure accurate and
secure storage of patient data.

• Accounting Role: Billing & Invoicing as part of the accounting position,

creating and handling invoices for patients' dental care is required. A function
that enables the accounts staff to produce precise, itemised bills based on the
treatments and processes carried out should be included in the management
system. Additionally, it must to make it possible to integrate insurance data for
simple billing and claims processing.
Payment Management for the accounting function, effective payment
management is essential. All patient payments, including cash, credit card, and
insurance reimbursements, should be able to be recorded and tracked by the
management system. It should give a thorough overview of all unpaid bills and
enable automatic follow-ups and reminders to guarantee prompt payment.

3
 • Lab Role: Case management: A strategy that enables the lab staff to effectively
handle and follow each dental case from beginning to end is necessary. This
involves documenting case specifics, monitoring development, and delegating
responsibilities to technicians. Lab technicians should have a centralised
location to obtain case data, change statuses, and interact with other team
members thanks to the management system.Digital Case Submission of the
Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System should facilitate
digital case submission to simplify communication between the dental clinic
and the lab. Dental professionals ought to be able to safely upload patient data,
such as digital scans, photographs, and treatment plans. This lessens mistakes,
removes the requirement for physical models, and accelerates the production
process for prosthetics.
• Pharmacy Role: Medication Dispensing and Labelling of the Mobile
Application for Dental Clinic Management System needs to support effective
medication dispensing procedures within the dental clinic pharmacy. It ought to
have features for accurately choosing and presenting medications for patients,
printing legible labels with the proper instructions, and ensuring adherence to
medication safety regulations. Drug Interactions and Allergy Alerts of the
pharmacy staff needs a system that aids in the identification of potential drug
interactions and allergies. The management system needs to integrate with
trustworthy drug interaction checking systems or have a built-in database to
detect potential risks with prescribed medications and send alerts. It also assists
in preventing negative reactions and ensures patient safety.

2.1.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

The method at Sky Dental Clinic & Implant Centre is entirely manual or
paper-based. In this clinic, there are numerous tasks such as patient registration, dentist-
patient consultations, and many others.
Existing system refers to the system that is being followed till now. Presently all the
clinics functionalities are done manually. That is if a patient wants to consult a doctor, he can
visit they’re till his chance called. This is making the person very difficult. An Appointment
are distributed directly. The main disadvantage is time consuming. Limitation of existing

4
system is if sum one patient loses his receipt, difficulties to find out patient has assigned
tickets. To defect this limitation, we do computer system.
The current system works as the following:

• Patients are registered:

To register a patient, the patient must be 15 years old or above or there should
someone else responsible for him. Patient should have related complaint about oral
health
• Schedule appointment for the registered patients:
After patient is registered nurse/staff should set and tell the patient, date and time that
the patient can meet with the dentist for diagnosis and treatment.
• Complaints:
After nurse set the appointment date, patient meets with the dentist and tells complaint
that he/she have.
• Old System:
In the old system the user was maintaining the records like number of books, CD’s,
DVD’s and subscribers., Fees Detail and bill (Receipt) in the paper sheets. Hence it was
very difficult for him to keep track which Customer has been taken which cd or DVD,
what is the Bill no, etc.
• Manual entry:
The manpower required for this kind of transaction and maintenance of data is higher
than the actual requirement.

DRAWBACK OF EXITING SYSTEM

Limited functionality: Some current systems can be missing the comprehensive

functions needed to administer a dental clinic effectively. Inadequate patient record
administration, insufficient billing and payment processing, and limited appointment
scheduling are a few examples.

User interface and usability issues: Some systems may have complicated or
confusing user interfaces that make it difficult for dental professionals to utilize and carry out
activities effectively. Ineffective usability might result in longer training sessions, mistakes,
and worker unhappiness.

5
 Lack of integration and interoperability: In some circumstances, Mobile Application
for Dental Clinic Management System s may not interoperate properly with other crucial
systems, such as electronic health records (EHRs) or dental imaging software. Due to the
absence of compatibility, human data entry, data duplication, and potential errors may occur.

Inadequate customer assistance: Dental clinics may have trouble resolving technical
problems or taking care of system-related difficulties if the system vendor does not provide
prompt and efficient customer service. This may affect patient treatment and cause operational
problems at the clinic.

Limitations on scalability: Some systems could be difficult to expand in order to meet

a dental clinic's expanding needs. The current system can have trouble managing the increased
data volume or patient load if the clinic grows or adds new services.

Security flaws: Dental clinics must prioritize data security in all healthcare facilities.
Sensitive patient data may be exposed to potential breaches or unauthorized access if the
current system is not equipped with strong security measures, such as encryption, access
controls, or regular data backups.

Cost considerations: The price of purchasing, implementing, and maintaining dental

clinic management software might vary depending on the vendor and system. For smaller
clinics with tighter finances, the price of licensing, updates, and continuous maintenance might
become a serious disadvantage.

2.1.2 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

The issue at Sky Dental Clinic and Implant Centre that I personally identified was
inefficient patient processing and bad time management. Lack of unskilled hands handling the
drugs and other issues I identified by myself are listed below.
• Limited Patient Information Management: The system may only be able to manage
and save a limited amount of detailed patient information. It might not accurately record
medical information, treatment plans, allergies, or other crucial information, making it
difficult for dentists to deliver individualized care.
• Incomplete Billing and Payment Processing: The current system might not have
sufficient billing and payment processing capabilities. This can result in billing

6
 mistakes, payment delays, or trouble keeping track of unpaid amounts, resulting in
financial inefficiencies and possible income loss.
• Ineffective Inventory Management: It's possible that the Mobile Application for
Dental Clinic Management System 's module for inventory management isn't
optimized. This may lead to low stock levels, wasted or expired supplies, or trouble
tracking and reordering dental supplies and machinery.
• Insufficient Reporting and Analysis: The system could not have sufficient reporting
and analytics capabilities. Making educated business decisions becomes difficult in the
absence of reliable and timely reporting on key performance indicators (KPIs) including
patient volume, revenue, treatment success rates, or resource use.
• Inadequate Communication and Patient Engagement: The Mobile Application for
Dental Clinic Management System might not provide effective patient communication
channels, such as appointment reminders, follow-up messages, or access to their own
information. This may prevent patients from participating in their care, resulting in
missed appointments and worse patient satisfaction.

2.1.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The software for the MOBILE APPLICATION FOR DENTAL CLINIC

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is user-friendly. The system's primary goals are to display and
assist you in gathering the majority of data regarding hospitality and services. The system is
relatively easy to implement and design. The system works in practically all settings and calls
for very little system resources.

ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

• Advanced Appointment Scheduling: Introduce a user-friendly and effective module
for arranging appointments that enables patients to do so online or through mobile apps.
To limit no-shows, the system should manage conflicts, avoid double bookings, and
issue automatic reminders.
• Comprehensive Patient Information Management: Development of a solid patient
information management system that enables dentists to keep and access complete
patient data is essential for comprehensive patient information management. Include
tools for keeping track of allergies, treatment schedules, medical histories, and other
pertinent information to provide individualized care and precise treatment choices.

7
 • Email reminder and notification message: A reminder email for the patient's
upcoming appointment as well as other types of e-mail notifications may be sent at any
time by the clinic management.
• Schedule Management for Doctors: Install a central appointment scheduler that
enables clinic staff to control and distribute appointments for each doctor. The
scheduler should make it simple to book new appointments and get a visual summary
of the available time slots and include a feature that lets clinicians specify the amount
of time between sessions in order to account for unforeseen delays, emergencies, or the
extra time required for challenging treatments. This helps avoid packed scheduling and
guarantees excellent patient care.
• User-Friendly Interface and Usability: Create a user-friendly and intuitive interface
for smooth workflow management and simple navigation. To improve the system's
usability and boost productivity, do user testing and collect clinic staff input.

The suggested Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System seeks to boost
overall efficiency, enhance patient care, and optimize clinic operations. While guaranteeing
data security and privacy, it should offer a smooth experience for both employees and patients.

2.2 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

Feasibility analysis is an essential step in determining the viability of a project. Here

are some key factors to consider when conducting a feasibility analysis for a Mobile
Application for Dental Clinic Management System.

Evaluate the technical requirements for the project such as the software and hardware
needs, the development costs, and the technical expertise required to build and maintain the
Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System. Analyse the market demand for a
Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System, the target audience, and the
competition. Determine if the product is unique and if there is a need for it in the market. Assess
the financial viability of the project, including the expected revenue, the costs associated with
building and maintaining the Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System, and
the potential return on investment. Ensure that the online test tool complies with all relevant
laws, regulations, and ethical standards. This includes data privacy and security regulations,
copyright laws, and other intellectual property rights. Examine the operational feasibility of the
project by assessing how the Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System will
fit into the current operations of the organization, the potential impact on other systems, and

8
the availability of resources such as staff and equipment. Consider the social impact of the
Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System, including its potential effects on
the user experience, accessibility, and inclusivity.

2.2.1 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY

An important consideration in the feasibility study for the Mobile Application for
Dental Clinic Management System project is operational feasibility. It entails determining
whether the app can be created and run within the organization's current infrastructure and
resources.

It is extremely challenging to manage and update a vast amount of information in the

current manual system. The system's development got underway as a result of a request made
by the management of the relevant business. It is certain that the system built is operationally
practical because it will manage requests better and make the process simpler. Potential
customers of our system receive dependable services, but they must be comfortable utilizing
the program. This will promote cost savings and benefit growth for the students.

• Infrastructure: To support its development and operation, the web application needs
the proper infrastructure. Servers, storage, network connection, and other IT hardware
are included in this. The firm must assess whether it already has the required
infrastructure or whether it needs to buy or improve that infrastructure.
• Resources: A lot of time, money, and staff are needed for the web application's creation
and maintenance. Analysing if the organization has the required resources or whether
it needs to devote more funds to the project is crucial.
• Scalability: In order to support potential expansion and shifting business requirements,
the web application should be scalable. It is vital to assess whether the web application
can handle greater data volumes and scale to support additional usage.

In general, the operational feasibility analysis for a Mobile Application for Dental Clinic
Management System project includes assessing the technical know-how, infrastructure, and
resources of the business, as well as its interaction with current systems and scalability. The
business may make sure it has the infrastructure and resources required to create and run the
web application by completing a complete operational feasibility analysis.

9
2.2.2 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

This assessment focuses on the technical resources available. It helps to determine

whether the technical team is capable of converting the ideas into working systems. It also
involves evaluation of the hardware, software and other technology requirements of the
proposed system.

Hardware Specification:

• Processor: Mobile processor

• Ram: 4GB(SRAM)
• Storage: 128GB

Software Specification

• Operation System: Window 7, Window 10, Window 11

• Technology: Flutter version google I/O 2023: 3.10 release, PHP VERSION 8.9
• Front End: Dart
• Libraries: Dart SDK, Flutter SDK and Android SDK
• Database: MySQL Server version 5.6
• Web server: Apache version 2.4.57
• Scripting Language Enable: JavaScript

2.2.3 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY

A Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System 's financial viability is
evaluated using the economic viability study. It entails weighing the potential benefits and
financial returns that the system can produce against the expenses related to its development,
deployment, and maintenance. Key factors for the economic feasibility investigation include
the following:

• Cost Analysis: Development Costs: Calculate the expenses related to creating the
Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System, including those for
software creation, customisation, and system integration.
• Costs of Hardware and Infrastructure: Consider the costs of purchasing new
hardware, servers, networking tools, and other infrastructure required for system
deployment. Calculate the expenditures of initial training sessions, as well as ongoing

10
 assistance and education, for teaching clinic employees to use the new system. Costs
associated with system maintenance, bug patches, upgrades, and continuous technical
support, including any license or subscription fees, should be taken into account.
• Risk Evaluation: Determine any potential dangers and ambiguities that might affect
the project's ability to make money, such as alterations to the law or the state of the
economy. Analyse risk reduction techniques and take into account any potential effects
on project costs and gains.

Decision-makers can determine the financial sustainability and possible return on investment
of establishing a Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System with the aid of a
thorough economic feasibility analysis. It makes it possible to allocate resources and make
well-informed decisions to guarantee the project's financial success.

PROJECT SCHEDULING

Project scheduling is a crucial aspect of project management that involves creating a

timeline and allocating resources to complete project tasks within a specific timeframe.
Effective project scheduling helps ensure that all project activities are well-coordinated,
dependencies are managed, and deadlines are met.

DATA TABLE 2.2.3: PROJECT SCHEDULING

11
 CHAPTER 3

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The Software Requirements Specification (SRS) for the mobile-application Mobile

Application for Dental Clinic Management System provides a detailed description of the
system's functionality, features, and constraints. This document serves as a foundation for the
development and implementation of the system, ensuring a clear understanding of the project's
objectives and scope. The Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System aims to
streamline clinic operations, enhance patient care, and improve overall efficiency. This section
provides an overview of the document and outlines its purpose.

The SRS document would typically include an introduction section, which provides an
overview of the project, its purpose, and the intended audience. For the Financial management
project, the introduction would provide a brief description of the tool, its goals, and the target
audience. It would also provide a summary of the requirements and outline the scope of the
project.

Overall, the Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System project’s
software requirements specification document would be a crucial tool for the development
team. In order to ensure that the project is built to satisfy the needs and expectations of the
satisfaction users, it would present a clear and precise list of requirements.

3.2REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
Requirement analysis is an important part of the software requirements specification
(SRS) process, as it involves identifying, analysing, and documenting the specific needs and
expectations of the project stakeholders. The entire list of functional and nonfunctional criteria
is presented in this section. As they relate to the entire system, functional needs are given first.
After the functional requirements, the non-functional needs are listed.

12
Functional Requirements:

Functional Requirements defines what the system must do. It defines the
behaviors or functions of a system, flows, business rules and other requirements of a
system along with its output. The functional requirements are discussed below:
• The users must login/register into the system.

• A user shall be able to search the appointments lists for all clinics.

• The system shall generate each day, for each clinic, a list of patients who are
expected to attend appointments that day.
Non-functional Requirements:

Non-functional requirements specify the characteristics of the system. It includes all of

the criteria that are still unmet and are not addressed by functional requirements. The dental
website is simple to use and operates without sacrificing performance. Some of its
characteristics include scalability, dependability, user-friendliness, maintainability, and
usefulness.

• Usability: There is a consistency in all the modules and webpages. To ease the
navigation there is a back tab to provide access to previous page. There is proper
instruction on each page.
• Reliability: Each data record is stored on a well-built efficient database schema. There
is no risk of data loss. The internal evaluation of data is well coded.
• Supportability: The system is well built to support any machine. Maintainability of
the system is easy.
• Performance: In order to ease the accessibility, the types of expenses are categorized
along with an option to name on the own. Throughput of the system is increased due to
light weight database support.
• Availability: The system is available all the time, no time constraint

3.2.1 PURPOSE
The Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System project’s goal is to
create and put into use a comprehensive software solution that simplifies and enhances dental
clinic management and operations. The initiative intends to improve overall clinic performance
and patient care by addressing the difficulties and inefficiencies brought on by manual and

13
paper-based operations. The project to develop a Mobile Application for Dental Clinic
Management System has the following main goals:

• Patient Assessment: With the help of the nurse module, nurses may conduct
thorough patient evaluations that include gathering medical histories, obtaining
vital signs, and noting any pertinent medical conditions or allergies. Dentists
and other healthcare providers can use this knowledge to make well-informed
treatment choices.
• Treatment Support: During procedures, nurses frequently help dentists by
setting up and sterilizing instruments, keeping track of dental supplies and
materials, and offering chairside support. The nurse module can assist with
planning and coordinating these chores to make sure that the appropriate tools
and supplies are on hand for each surgery.
• medicine Inventory Management: The pharmacist module aids in keeping
track of the dental clinic's supply and medicine inventories. It enables
pharmacists to keep track of various pharmaceuticals used in dental operations,
including their availability, stock levels, and expiration dates.
• Billing and Financial Management: The project intends to improve the
efficiency of the dental clinic's billing and financial management procedures.
The system streamlines the processing of insurance claims by automating
invoice generation, keeping track of patient payments and unpaid balances, and
integrating with insurance systems. The solution contributes to the optimization
of revenue production and financial operations by increasing billing accuracy,
decreasing administrative workload, and simplifying streamlined financial
management.
The Mobile Application Dental Clinic Administration System project's overall goals are to
increase operational effectiveness, enhance patient care and happiness, maximize resource
usage, simplify financial administration, and offer insightful data for wise decision-making. In
order to benefit both the dental clinic and its clients, the project intends to convert manual and
paper-based operations into a digital and integrated solution.

14
3.2.2 SCOPE

The Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System project scope covers
the parameters and goals of the project and specifies which features and capabilities will be
present in the system. The system's ability to support and automate different clinic operations
and patient management tasks is described. The scope clarifies expectations for all parties
involved and aids in efficiently managing project requirements. The following are the main
elements that fall under the purview of the Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management
System project:
1. Medicine Inventory Management:
The pharmacist module aids in keeping track of the dental clinic's supply and
medicine inventories. It enables pharmacists to keep track of various
pharmaceuticals used in dental operations, including their availability, stock
levels, and expiration dates.
2. Prescription Handling:
The Pharmacist module can help with patient prescription generation and
management. In order to collect prescription requests from dentists and produce
precise and readable prescriptions, it can integrate with the dental clinic's
electronic health record (EHR) system. This contributes to the prescription
process being streamlined, reducing mistakes, and raising patient safety.
3. Drug Interactions and Allergy Checks:
Drug interactions and allergy checks are both functionalities that the pharmacist
module can offer in real time. The device may automatically compare a patient's
medical history and current prescriptions when a dentist prescribes medication
to look for possible drug interactions or allergies. This ensures the patient's
safety when taking the prescribed prescription.
4. Financial Records Management:
The accountant’s module can handle various financial records of the dental
clinic, including patient billing, insurance claims, and payment tracking. It can
maintain a comprehensive database of all financial transactions, ensuring
accurate and up-to-date records.

15
 5. Payroll and Staff Management:
The module may process payroll, including calculating salaries, deducting
taxes, and producing pay stubs for clinic employees. It can also manage staff-
related expenses, track attendance, and preserve personnel records.

The project's scope for the Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System
includes the aforementioned functionalities, and it may also contain more features depending
on the demands of various stakeholders and unique requirements. To ensure project success,
manage expectations, and deliver a system that effectively satisfies the clinic's objectives, it is
crucial to establish the scope explicitly.

3.2.3 OVERVIEW
The goal of the Mobile application Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management
System project is to create and put into use a comprehensive software system to simplify and
enhance dental clinic management and operations. The project's main goals are to improve
patient care, automate numerous administrative duties, and maximize clinic efficiency. For
appointment scheduling, patient information administration, billing and payment processing,
inventory management, reporting, and analytics, the system will offer a centralized platform.

The project to develop a Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System
seeks to increase operational effectiveness, enhance patient care and happiness, maximize
resource usage, simplify financial management, and offer insightful data for strategic planning.
The project aims to convert manual and paper-based processes into an integrated, user-friendly,
and secure software solution by digitizing and automating clinic operations.

3.2.4 GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS

The Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System project is a software
system created to simplify and enhance a dental clinic's management and operations. With
different functions to improve clinic efficiency, patient care, and administrative activities, it
attempts to replace manual and paper-based operations with automated and integrated ones.

The system includes a number of modules that deal with various facets of clinic
management. It has functions including scheduling appointments, managing patient

16
information, processing bills and payments, managing inventories, reporting, and analytics.
Together, these modules offer a complete response to the clinic's operational requirements.

Patients may easily make appointments online or using mobile applications thanks to
the appointment scheduling feature. The ability for clinic employees to view and manage
appointments promotes effective scheduling and prevents conflicts. To reduce no-shows,
patients can receive automated reminders. A centralized database for securely storing and
managing patient records is provided by the patient information management module.
Important patient information is recorded, including demographics, medical history, treatment
goals, and allergies. Quick access to patient data, enhanced treatment planning, and improved
interprofessional communication are all made possible by this module.

The development and maintenance of dental service bills are automated by the billing
and payment processing module. It keeps tabs on unpaid amounts and gives patients access to
online payment choices. The submission and reimbursement of claims are streamlined through
integration with insurance systems, which lightens the administrative burden. The Mobile
Application for Dental Clinic Management System project also places a strong emphasis on
data security and adherence to pertinent laws like HIPAA. To protect patient information, the
system includes secure user authentication, data encryption, and access controls. The overall
goals of the Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System project are to improve
administrative effectiveness, optimize clinic operations, and improve patient care. The solution
enables better resource management, faster workflows, and increased patient satisfaction by
automating tasks, centralizing information, and offering analytical insights.

3.2.4.1 PRODUCT FUNCTION

The Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System 's objective is to
automate the existing manual system with the help of sophisticated computer software and
computerized tools, addressing their needs, in order to store their crucial data and information
for a longer period of time with easy access. The following are the main features that Mobile
Application for Dental Clinic Management System Application normally provides:

• Processing of Insurance Claims: Dental offices frequently handle patient

insurance claims. By linking with insurance systems, confirming patient

17
 coverage, and managing the submission and tracking of claims, the accountant’s
module can help with the processing of these claims.
• Expense Management: The clinic's expenses, including as overhead charges,
inventory purchases, and supplier payments, can be tracked and managed by the
accountant’s module. It can provide expense reports, keep tabs on how the
budget is being used, and find opportunities for cost savings.

3.2.4.2 USER CHARACTERISTCS

For many dentists who desire to operate their clinic more efficiently, Mobile
Application for Dental Clinic Management System s are helpful. Here are a few user traits that
are frequently linked to the use of dentists.

1. Dentists and dental professionals:

• The system's main users are dental professionals and dentists.
• They need access to patient records, treatment records, and modules for
treatment planning.
• They must be able to update patient data, record procedures, and monitor the
course of treatment.
• Dentists could also need reporting and analytics tools to examine patient data
and keep an eye on clinic efficiency.

2. Clinic Administrators and Managers:

• Dental clinic managers and administrators are in charge of the facility's overall
success.
• To track key performance indicators (KPIs), they need access to robust reporting
and analytics functionalities.
• They must produce financial reports, monitor revenue, and evaluate resource
usage.
• The configuration of the system, as well as the setting of user roles and access
restrictions, may involve administrators and managers.

18
3.2.4.3 GENERAL CONSTRAINTS
Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System design and development
may be impacted by a number of general restrictions. These restrictions include, among others:
• Time Constraints: The system's development and implementation could be
subject to time restrictions. To guarantee that the project moves forward in a
timely manner, deadlines and milestones must be established.
• Budgetary Restrictions: During the planning and execution phases of the
project, it may be necessary to take into consideration budgetary restrictions. It
is important to take into account the costs of software development, hardware
infrastructure, training, and continuous maintenance.
• Regulatory Compliance: The Mobile Application for Dental Clinic
Management System must comply with all applicable laws, rules, and
guidelines, including security standards, medical record keeping requirements,
and data protection legislation (such as GDPR and HIPAA). Data storage,
access restrictions, and system security may be subject to extra restrictions as
a result of compliance with these requirements.
• Compatibility: The system must be able to work with the dental clinic's current
hardware and software. Compatibility difficulties should be resolved as
integration with other systems, such as electronic health records (EHRs) or
billing systems, may be required.
• Scalability: The system ought to be built to grow with the dental clinic. It
should be capable of managing rising patient numbers, more employees, and
growing services without noticeably degrading or disrupting performance.
• Usability: Both employees and patients should have no trouble using and
understanding the system. Users should be able to navigate and do activities
effectively with little training thanks to a well-designed interface.
• Reliability and Performance: System performance and dependability are
crucial if you want to reduce downtime and give users a seamless experience. It
should be able to manage multiple users at once, handle appointments, and
provide reports without experiencing any major delays or technical difficulties.
• Technical Constraints: During the development and implementation of the
system, technical issues such as hardware and software requirements, network

19
 infrastructure, and compatibility with operating systems and web browsers must
be taken into account.

To ensure the successful design, implementation, and operation of the Mobile Application for
Dental Clinic Management System, these restrictions should be carefully evaluated and
addressed throughout the project lifecycle.
3.2.5 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Functional Requirements defines what the system must do. It defines the
behaviors or functions of a system, flows, business rules and other requirements of a
system along with its output. The functional requirements are discussed below:
• The users must login/register into the system.

• A user shall be able to search the appointments lists for all clinics.

• The system shall generate each day, for each clinic, a list of patients who are
expected to attend appointments that day.

3.2.5.1 TECHNICAL ISSUES

Management system for a dental clinic Numerous technological problem that an
application may have can have an impact on how well it functions and performs. The following
are some typical technical problems:

• System Integration Challenges: It can be difficult to integrate the Mobile

Application for Dental Clinic Management System with current systems like
electronic health records (EHRs) or billing systems. Data synchronization,
mapping, and compatibility problems may occur, necessitating careful planning
and cooperation.
• Data Migration: It can be difficult technically to move patient data from
outdated systems to the new management system. It can be difficult to ensure
data accuracy, maintain data integrity during the transfer process, and
appropriately map data fields.
• Performance and Scalability: The Mobile Application for Dental Clinic
Management System must be able to handle the anticipated demand without
degrading performance because it is utilized by several users at once. To provide

20
 a stable system performance, scalability factors including database
optimization, effective query execution, and load balancing are crucial.
• Security Vulnerabilities: The Mobile Application for Dental Clinic
Management System needs to have strong security measures in place because
protecting patient data is so important. Security flaws, such as illegal access,
data breaches, or flaws in the infrastructure or software, might, nonetheless,
provide serious concerns. To mitigate such risks, thorough security testing and
adherence to recommended standards are required.
• User Interface and Experience: The success of the system depends on the
design of an intuitive and user-friendly interface. Inconsistent user interfaces,
sluggish reaction times, or challenges navigating and carrying out activities are
a few examples of technical concerns that may affect the user interface and user
experience. To solve these problems, usability testing and iterative design
improvements are required.
• System Reliability and Availability: To reduce downtime, the Mobile
Application for Dental Clinic Management System needs to be very dependable
and available. Hardware breakdowns, network outages, and system crashes are
examples of potential technological problems. To ensure system dependability,
it's crucial to implement redundancy measures, carry out routine system
maintenance, and have backup and recovery procedures in place.
• Software Compatibility: The Mobile Application for Dental Clinic
Management System may need to function with a range of operating systems,
web browsers, and hardware setups. It might be difficult to ensure compatibility
across many platforms and versions since some features might operate
differently or run into compatibility problems. To solve these problems,
extensive testing and adherence to compatibility guidelines are required.
• System Updates and Maintenance: It's critical to keep the Mobile Application
for Dental Clinic Management System updated with the most recent security
patches, bug fixes, and software versions. However, system changes could
break existing functionality or cause compatibility problems. To reduce
disruptions, upgrades must be carefully planned and tested, and change
management procedures must be strong.

21
 • Data Backup and Recovery: Technical problems with data backup and
recovery, such as incomplete backups, corrupted data, or challenges restoring
data, can occur. To reduce the risks of data loss, regular, secure backup
mechanisms must be implemented, and data recovery procedures must be
tested.
• Technical assistance and Training: It's crucial to provide users with adequate
technical assistance and training. Users should immediately report any technical
concerns, including hardware malfunctions, software bugs, and system faults.
Additionally, offering thorough user manuals, training materials, and support
channels can aid users in successfully navigating technical obstacles.

To ensure the Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System runs
smoothly and performs at its best, these technological concerns should be anticipated and
handled during the system's development, implementation, and continuing maintenance.

3.2.5.2 RISK ANALYSIS

Identifying potential risks and vulnerabilities that could have an impact on the
functionality and security of the application is a crucial step in the development of a Mobile
Application for Dental Clinic Management System. Here are a few concerns to think about
throughout the risk analysis process:
• Breach of Data Security: The possibility of unauthorized access, data loss, or
breaches of data might jeopardize patient confidentiality and go against legal
standards. This risk may result in financial losses, legal repercussions, and
reputational harm.
• System downtime: unexpected system failures, network problems, or hardware
problems can cause protracted downtime, which can affect patient care and
interfere with clinic operations. Patient unhappiness, lost revenue, and potential
legal liability are all outcomes of this risk.
• Lack of User Adoption: There is a danger of low user adoption if the Mobile
Application for Dental Clinic Management System is not user-friendly or does
not match users' needs. As a result, there may be reluctance to change, decreased
productivity, and even project failure.

22
 • Challenges with integration: There is a chance of compatibility problems, data
discrepancies, and data flow interruptions when integrating the Mobile
Application for Dental Clinic Management System with current systems, such
as EHRs or billing systems. This may have an effect on patient care
coordination, operational effectiveness, and data accuracy.
• Scope Creep: The progressive development of project needs beyond the
original scope is a danger associated with scope creep. Delays, higher expenses,
and perhaps compromised system performance and quality are all possible
outcomes of this.
• Regulatory Compliance: Violations of regulations, such as those governing
data protection or medical record-keeping standards, may result in fines, legal
repercussions, and reputational harm. This risk underlines the importance of
constant compliance monitoring and adherence to relevant laws.
• Project Management Issues: Issues with project management can cause
project delays, budget overruns, and subpar quality because of inadequate
project planning, poor communication, or resource limitations. This risk has the
potential to affect the project's overall success and its capacity to live up to
stakeholder expectations.
• Changes in Technology: Rapid technological improvements can create hazards
linked to obsolescence, compatibility problems, and the requirement for
ongoing system upgrades. A system that is out of date and less competitive can
be the results of failing to adapt to evolving technological developments.

It's critical to have a thorough risk management plan that covers risk avoidance,
mitigation, and contingency planning in order to reduce these risks. Throughout the course of
a project, regular risk assessments can aid in identifying developing hazards and enable prompt
risk response and mitigation measures.

3.2.6 INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS

To provide a convenient and effective user experience, interface requirements are

crucial for a Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System project. To consider
are the following important interface requirements:

23
 • User Interface That Makes Sense: The system should have a user interface
(UI) that makes sense and is simple to use. Users should be led rationally
through the layout's many features by clear labelling, visual cues, and an
orderly layout.
• Design for Responsiveness: The user interface should be flexible and
responsive to many screen sizes and platforms, such as desktop computers,
tablets, and mobile phones. Users may now smoothly access the system from
many platforms and engage with it thanks to this.
• Role-Based Access: Depending on user roles and permissions, the interface
should offer various levels of access and capability. Access requirements and
roles inside the system may differ for dentists, hygienists, receptionists, and
administrators.
• Communication Tools: To promote communication between staff members
and with patients, the interface should contain communication features like
messaging or alerting systems.
• Help and Support: The interface ought to offer easily available help and
support materials, such as tooltips, user manuals, or contextual assistance. A
support person or ticketing system should also be accessible to quickly respond
to user questions or technical problems.
• Options for customization: The interface should be adaptable to the particular
requirements and preferences of the dental clinic. This can involve modifying
settings, creating custom dashboards, or customizing templates for reports or
treatment plans.
The Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System may provide a user-
friendly and effective experience for staff members and patients by incorporating these
interface criteria, boosting productivity and satisfaction.

3.2.6.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

The standard input devices like keyboard and mouse are to get input. The outputs
are generated and displayed on the screen.
• Processor: Mobile processor
• Ram: 4GB(RAM)
• Storage: 128GB

24
3.2.6.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
The Software May wants Some Requirements for Execution of The Project. The
Software Requirements are,
• Operation System: Window 7, Window 10, Window 11
• Language: PHP, FLUTTER VERSION 3.10.5
• Front End: Dart
• Libraries: Dart SDK, Flutter SDK and Android SDK
• Database: MySQL Server version 5.6
• Web server: Apache version 2.4.57
• Scripting Language Enable: JavaScript

3.2.7 OTHER FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTES

Other Functional Requirements define system properties and constraints it arises

through user needs, because of budget constraints or organizational policies, or due to the
external factors such as safety regulations, privacy registration and so on.

Some of the Other Functional Requirements are:

• Security
• Reliability
• Maintainability
• Portability
• Extensibility
• Extensibility
• Re-usability
• Application Affinity/Compatibility
• Resource Utilize

25
3.2.7.1 SECURITY
A popular cloud-based security and performance service called Cloudflare provides a
number of capabilities to improve website security. Here are a few security advantages that
Cloudflare offers:
• DDoS Protection: Cloudflare offers robust protection against Distributed
Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. It leverages its vast network infrastructure to
absorb and mitigate volumetric attacks, preventing them from reaching your
website.
• Web Application Firewall (WAF): Cloudflare's WAF provides protection
against common web application vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection, cross-
site scripting (XSS), and malicious file uploads. It helps block malicious traffic
and ensures the security of your website.
• SSL/TLS Encryption: Cloudflare offers SSL/TLS encryption for websites,
ensuring secure communication between the website visitor and the server. It
encrypts data transmission and helps protect sensitive information, such as login
credentials or personal data, from unauthorized access.

Although Cloudflare offers strong security protections, it's vital to remember that these
features must be configured and implemented correctly in addition to any other security
precautions you may have in place. Working closely with your web development and security
teams is advised to ensure that your website has a thorough and customized security approach.

3.2.7.2 RELIABILITY
Reliability is a critical aspect of Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management
System, as it ensures that the application performs consistently and accurately, without crashes
or data loss. Here are some of the factors that contribute to the reliability of Mobile Application
for Dental Clinic Management System:
• Data Integrity: The application must ensure the integrity of the financial data
entered by users, preventing data loss or corruption. This can be achieved
through data validation and error checking, ensuring that data entered by users
is accurate and consistent.
• Backup and Recovery: The application must have a robust backup and
recovery system to ensure that users' financial data is not lost due to device

26
 failures or other technical issues. This can be achieved through regular backups
and cloud storage, ensuring that users can recover their data even if their device
is lost or damaged.
• Performance: The application must perform consistently and quickly, without
delays or crashes. This can be achieved through careful optimization of the
application's code and server infrastructure, ensuring that the application can
handle high traffic volumes and user requests.
• Security: The application must be secure, protecting users' financial data from
unauthorized access or breaches. This can be achieved through the use of
encryption, two-factor authentication, and other security measures, ensuring
that users' data is protected from potential threats.
• Testing: The application must be rigorously tested to ensure that it performs
reliably across different devices and platforms. This can be achieved through
the use of automated testing tools and manual testing by a team of quality
assurance professionals.

Overall, these elements support the Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management
System dependability, guaranteeing that users can rely on it to maintain their patient data
accurately and consistently.

3.2.7.3 MAINTAINABILITY
The Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System Project's
maintainability is a crucial component. It relates to how easily the system can be updated,
maintained, and improved over time. The following are some crucial factors to ensure
maintainability:

• Modular and Modularized Design: The system should be created utilizing a

modular and modularized architecture, in which the roles and boundaries of
the various parts or modules are clearly defined. Individual modules can now
be updated and maintained more easily without affecting the system as a
whole.
• Code Quality and Documentation: Writing clear, well-organized, and legible
code is essential for maintainability. So is proper documentation. Coding best

27
 practices, such as appropriate naming conventions, comments, and
documentation, make the software easier for future developers to comprehend
and alter.
• Test Coverage and Automation: A thorough test suite that includes unit tests,
integration tests, and regression tests ensures the system's dependability and
stability. Continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines and
test automation frameworks can speed up testing and identify potential
problems early.
• Scalability and Flexibility: When the system is designed with scalability and
flexibility in mind, it is simpler to react to shifting requirements or rising user
loads. This includes the capability to change or add new features without
suffering a great deal of interruption or rework.
• Monitoring and Feedback Mechanisms: Mechanisms for Monitoring and User
Feedback: Implementing monitoring tools and obtaining user feedback enables
the system to be improved continuously. Monitoring user behaviour,
performance indicators, and user satisfaction enables the identification of areas
that need improvement or maintenance.
You can support easier maintenance, updates, and future enhancements and create a
system that is more dependable and sustainable in the long run by giving maintainability a
high priority throughout the Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System
project.

28
 CHAPTER 4

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The creation of a Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System depends
heavily on system analysis. In order to streamline clinic operations and enhance patient care, it
entails a detailed analysis of the current procedures, the identification of requirements, and the
design of an effective system. The system analysis procedure for a Mobile Application for
Dental Clinic Management System project is described in the following manner:

• Understanding the Current Workflow: The system analysis starts with a

thorough understanding of the procedures and workflow that are currently in
place at the dental office. Interviewing employees, watching them perform their
duties, and documenting the current manual or digital processes are all part of
this approach.
• Finding Challenges and Pain Points: The goal of the analysis is to locate
problems, obstacles, and inefficiencies in the current system. This can involve
problems with scheduling, keeping track of patients' medical histories, billing,
managing inventory, or communicating.
• Gathering Requirements: System analysts talk to important stakeholders, such
as dentists, hygienists, receptionists, and administrators, to obtain requirements
for the new Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System. These
specifications cover everything from functional needs and performance
expectations to security requirements and system integration.
• Use Case Modelling: Use case modelling involves identifying the various
actors (users) interacting with the system and the specific actions they perform.
Use cases capture the functional requirements of the system, such as scheduling
appointments, managing patient records, generating invoices, and generating
reports.
• Documentation: Throughout the system analysis process, documentation is
crucial to capture the findings, requirements, design decisions, and any
assumptions made. Documentation serves as a reference for the development
team, stakeholders, and future maintenance activities.

29
4.2 USE CASES AND USE CASE DIAGRAM

Use case diagram is representation of user’s actions or interaction with system which
can perform in collaboration with one or more external users of the system. In this application,
the super admin adds and manages the admins, the added admins will then add manager, course
and packages then access the records and certificates, the manager then manages the learner
and access records and certificates, the learners view course details, purchase the package, take
exams and then access records.

Fig 4.2 USER CASE DIAGRAM

30
 Fig 4.2 OVERALL USER CASE DIAGRAM

4.3 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

The figure below is the sequence diagram for Mobile Application for Dental Clinic
Management System . A sequence diagram shows object interactions arranged in time
sequence.

31
 Fig 4.2 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

4.4 ACITIVITY DIAGRAM

FIG 4.4 ACITIVITY DIAGRAM

32
4.5 CLASS DIAGRAM
A class diagram is a type of UML (Unified Modelling Language) diagram that illustrates
the structure of a system by modelling the classes, their attributes, methods, relationships, and
dependencies. It provides a static view of the system and helps in visualizing the objects and
their interactions within the system.

FIG 4.5 OVERALL CLASS DIAGRAM

33
 CHAPTER 5

SYSTEM DESIGN

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Various administrative and operational procedures within a dental clinic can be

streamlined and automated with the use of a software program called the Mobile Application
for Dental Clinic Management System. It attempts to improve the administration and
coordination of clinic resources as well as the effectiveness, accuracy, and general quality of
services offered to patients.

Dental clinics encounter many difficulties in properly managing their business

operations in the current fast-paced healthcare sector. Traditional paper-based systems and
manual processes frequently cause mistakes, inefficiencies, and delays in providing medical
care. Therefore, implementing a thorough management system for a dental clinic can
significantly increase the clinic's production and patient happiness.

By providing patients with online scheduling alternatives, decreasing the likelihood of

missed appointments, and maximizing the use of resources, dental clinics can use this system
to streamline their appointment booking process. Additionally, patient records can be
digitalized and safely kept, making it simple to retrieve crucial data including medical histories,
treatment schedules, and diagnostic tests.

The technology also enables smooth communication between dentists, dental

hygienists, and other staff members involved in patient care, as well as treatment planning. It
facilitates effective coordination and guarantees that all required actions and follow-ups are
duly planned and monitored.

Additionally, clinics can track and manage dental supplies thanks to inventory
management features, making sure that all of the necessary supplies and tools are constantly
on hand. By reducing the likelihood of stockouts and optimizing inventory levels, this reduces
costs and improves patient care.

34
5.2 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

The system architectural design is shown below:

FIG 5.2 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

The architectural design of the system as shown above describes the view,
models, behavior, and structure of the overall system. The system follows a 3-tier
architecture which is composed of presentation tier, logical tier and data tier and for
this, we have used MVC pattern.

35
5.3 DATA DESIGN

FIG:5.3 ZERO LEVEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

FIG:5.3 FIRST LEVEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

36
 FIG:5.3 SECOND LEVEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

5.3.1 E-R DIAGRAM

37
The database's actual design is depicted in an ER-diagram. The E-R diagram is used to
illustrate the connections between several existent entities. To map out the information flow
of the system, ER are also used in conjunction with Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs).

5.4 USER INTERFACE DESIGN

When designing the user interface (UI) for a Mobile Application for Dental Clinic
Management System application, it is essential to prioritize simplicity, usability, and an
intuitive user experience. The UI should be specifically tailored for computer devices,
considering the larger screen size. Clear navigation, with a simple menu structure and easily
accessible features, is crucial. Role-based dashboards should be created to provide personalized
information and quick access to relevant features. Consistency in design and branding helps
create a cohesive and recognizable experience. Forms and inputs should be intuitive, with clear
labels and validation to guide users. Utilizing computer interactions enhances usability, while
visual hierarchy and information layout improve readability and comprehension. Responsive
design ensures the application adapts to different devices. Feedback and confirmation messages
provide users with immediate responses to their actions. Usability testing with representative
users should be conducted to identify areas for improvement and enhance the overall user
experience. By considering these factors, the UI design of a school management web
application can be user-friendly, visually appealing, and efficient in supporting users' tasks and
goals.

38
FIG5.4:USER INTERFACE

39
 CHAPTER 6
IMPLEMENTATION
A theoretical idea must be implemented in order to become a working system. The most
crucial phase in creating a new successful system and giving users faith in the new system's
ability to operate effectively and efficiently. Only after comprehensive testing and confirmation
that the system performs as planned may it be implemented.

MODULES:

• Nurse
➢ Perception Management
➢ Patient List
➢ Appointment Management
➢ Payment Detail Adding
➢ Notice Board
➢ Attendance & Leave report
• Accountant
➢ Payroll List
➢ Salary Expenses
➢ Financial Report
➢ Payment of Patient
➢ Notice Board
➢ Doctor Commission
➢ User Profile
• Pharmacist
➢ Prescription view
➢ Medicine add & list
➢ Medicine Sale
➢ Add Expenses
➢ Report for sales & Expenses

40
 • Laboratories
➢ Patient Detail
➢ Lab Test
➢ Report delivery
➢ User profile
➢ Lab file management

1.NURSE MODULE:

FIG 6.1: NURSE PANEL

The nurse module is a part of a Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management
System that is especially made to meet the requirements and obligations of the nursing staff
employed by a dental clinic.

• Patient Records Management: Nurses can simply access and update patients'
records thanks to the nurse module. They have access to patient data, medical
records, treatment schedules, and update notes. This makes it easier for them to
remember patient appointments, treatments, and general oral health conditions.
• Appointment Scheduling: Nursing staff members have the ability to arrange
patient visits and control the dental clinic's calendar. They have access to the

41
 time slots that are open, can assign patients to particular dentists, and can
schedule or cancel appointments as necessary. By doing this, the nursing staff,
dentists, and patients are all properly coordinated.
• Treatment Coordination: In the dental clinic, the nurse module makes it easier
for various healthcare workers to coordinate treatments. Hygienists, dentists,
and other team members can work together with nurses to promote a productive
workflow and effective patient care.

2. ACCOUNTANT MODULE:

FIG 6.2: ACCOUNTANT PANEL

A Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System 's ACCOUNTANT

module is made to handle a variety of financial and accounting duties associated with the
clinic's daily operations. It is primarily concerned with overseeing and monitoring financial
transactions, producing reports, and guaranteeing the clinic's financial stability.

• Billing and Invoicing: Using this module, the accountant is able to create and
handle patient invoices and bills for dental clinic services. It can manage a
variety of invoicing situations, including direct payments, instalment
arrangements, and insurance claims.
• Financial Records: The module keeps a thorough log of all financial
transactions, including receipts and payments. It keeps account of the money

42
 that is paid out to patients, insurance providers, and other sources. This data aids
auditing procedures and contributes to keeping accurate financial accounts.
• Accounts Receivable and Payable: The accountant module keeps track of the
money owing to suppliers and vendors as well as the money owed to patients
and insurance companies in accounts receivable. It offers resources for tracking
and managing these accounts, assuring prompt payment receipts and effectively
controlling clinic costs.

3.PHARMACIST MODULE:

FIG 6.3: PHARMACISTS PANEL

The PHARMACIST module in a Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management

System is created to organize and manage the actions and responsibilities associated with
administering medications inside a dental clinic. It largely focuses on the function of the clinic's
pharmacy, which makes sure that patients' drugs are handled accurately and efficiently.

• Medication Inventory Management: Managing the pharmacy's inventory of

pharmaceuticals and dental supplies is made possible by this module. It keeps
tabs on inventory levels and expiration dates and automatically creates
warnings for low stock or out-of-date products. This makes it possible to
guarantee that every time medication is required, it will be available.

43
 • Prescription Management: The module makes it easier to manage patient
prescriptions electronically. Pharmacy staff members are able to receive
electronic prescriptions from dentists or other medical professionals, check
them for accuracy, and then dispense the necessary drugs. Additionally, it
keeps a record of every prescription, making it simple to access for future use
or reference.

• Drug Interaction Checks: The module includes a mechanism for checking

drug interactions to guarantee patient safety. By entering the patient's
medication history, pharmacists can look for potential interactions or
contraindications with newly prescribed medications. This enhances patient
wellbeing and prevents harmful drug interactions.

4.LABORATORIES MODULE:

FIG 6.4: LABORATORIES PANEL

A Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System 's Laboratories module is
intended to manage and streamline the procedures involved in dental laboratory work. It
focuses on integrating task management, tracking, and communication between the dental
laboratory and dental clinic.

44
• Case Management: Dental professionals may generate and manage cases that
call for laboratory work using the module. This includes recording patient data,
treatment schedules, and detailed directives for the lab personnel. It offers a
consolidated approach for monitoring the development of laboratory cases.
Users can check the status of each case, as well as the dates on which it was sent
to, received by, and completed by the lab.

• Tracking lab work progress: That help to track to lab work progress and
patient detail.

45
 CHAPTER 7
TESTING

7.1 INTRODUCTION
In order to ensure software quality, testing is essential. Design and requirement flaw
also show up in the code as a result of the constraints of the verification techniques used in
the earlier phase. In addition to the faults introduced during the coding phase, testing is
employed to find these issues.

FIG:7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.2 TEST PLAN

A test strategy offers a direction for implementing software testing. This section
outlines the general testing approach and the project management concerns necessary to run
tests effectively. The testing plan includes multiple test phases, with start and finish dates listed
for each.

Testing is the process of dissecting a software product to find discrepancies between

current and desired circumstances and to assess the software product's features. The purpose of
a Software Test Plan (STP) is to specify the scope, methodology, resources, and timetable for
all testing operations.

The plan must specify the components and features that will be tested, the testing
methodologies to be used, the persons responsible for conducting the testing, the resources and
timetable needed to complete the testing, and more.

An essential step in the software development process is the testing phase. The
posterized system will assist in automating the process of identifying faults and missing
46
operations as well as a thorough verification to ascertain whether the goals are achieved and
the needs of the users are met.

Four steps are involved in software testing listed below:

➢ The first includes unit testing, where in each module is tested to provide its correctness,
validity and also determine any missing operations and to verify whether the objectives
have been met. Errors are noted down and corrected immediately. Unit testing is the
important and major part of the project. So, errors are rectified easily in particular
module and program clarity is increased. In this project entire system is divided into
several modules and is developed individually. So, unit testing is conducted to
individual modules.
➢ Integration testing is done in the second step. It need not be the case; software whose
components perform flawlessly when run separately will also perform flawlessly when
run collectively. Under this large module, the smaller modules are snipped, retested,
and their outcomes validated. This is a result of subpar interface design, which could
lead to data loss throughout an interface. A module could unintentionally have a
negative impact on another module or the global data structures, which would be quite
problematic.

➢ To assure the functionality, performance, and reliability of the Mobile Application for
Dental Clinic Management System , stringent verification and validation procedures
are used during system testing. It comprises performance testing, user acceptance
testing, integration testing, and unit testing. A sturdy and error-free system that satisfies
the demands and expectations of the dental clinic is ensured by thorough testing.

➢ Validation testing is a crucial phase in software development where the Mobile

Application for Dental Clinic Management System is thoroughly tested to ensure it
meets the specified requirements and functions correctly. This testing verifies the
system's accuracy, reliability, and compliance with standards, ensuring a robust and
error-free solution for effective dental clinic management.

47
7.3 UNIT TESTING

Unit testing is an important part of the software development process, and can help to
ensure the quality and reliability of a Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management
System project. To create effective unit tests for a Mobile Application for Dental Clinic
Management System project, you may follow these general steps:

Identify the functions and features of the app that need to be tested: This may include
features such as expense tracking, budget management, and reporting.

Write test cases for each function or feature: Test cases should be designed to cover all
possible scenarios and inputs, and should be designed to detect errors and edge cases.

Create a testing environment: This may involve setting up a separate test environment
that mimics the production environment, or using a testing framework that allows for
automated testing.

Run tests and analyse results: Run the tests and analyse the results to identify any errors
or issues that need to be addressed. Fix any errors and re-run the tests to ensure that they pass.

Document test results: Document the results of the tests, including any issues that were
identified and how they were resolved.

SN Test Case Test Input test Expected Actual Remarks

Id description data Result Result
1 TC-01 Install Transfer Open Application Pass
DCMS.apk DCMS application executed
application application with its with home
home page page

TABLE7.3: TEST CASE FOR INSTALLATION

48
 SN Test Case Id Test Input test Expected Actual Remarks
description data Result Result
1 TC-01 Enter valid LAB Show home Displayed pass
data in LOGIN page for home page
username ********* user LAB for user
and PAGE LAB
password
field
2 TC-02 Enter valid NURSE Show Displayed pass
data in LOGIN appointment Appointmen
username ********* For nurse t for nurse
and
password
field

TABLE7.3: TEST CASE FOR LOGIN

SN Test Case Test Input test Expected Actual Remarks

Id description data Result Result
1 TC-01 PATIENT Enter the Payment Payment Pass
PAYMENT data of successful successful
users
2 TC-02 Lab Report Enter the Lab report Lab report Pass
data of send send
users successful successful
TABLE7.3: TEST CASE FOR LAB & ACCOUNTING

7.4 INTEGRATION TESTING

The Integration testing part of a testing methodology is the testing of the different
modules/components that have been successfully unit tested when integrated together to
perform specific tasks and activities. The test is often done on both the interfaces between the
components and the larger structure being constructed, if its quality property cannot be assessed
from its components. After integrating the requirements, we tested it, it was fine and
satisfactory.

7.5 SYSTEM TESTING

System testing in a Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System involves
testing the application as a whole to ensure that all the integrated components and modules
work together seamlessly. It focuses on evaluating the application's functionality, performance,

49
security, and usability in a real-world environment. Assess the performance of the application
by measuring its response time, load handling capacity, and scalability. Test the application
under various load conditions to ensure it performs well and responds quickly, even with
multiple users accessing it simultaneously. Validate the compatibility of the application with
different computer devices, operating systems, and versions. Test the application on popular
web platforms and screen resolutions to ensure it functions properly and maintains a consistent
user experience across different devices.

Test the web application's behaviour under different network conditions, including different
connection speeds (3G, 4G, Wi-Fi) and network interruptions. Validate that the application
gracefully handles network issues and recovers without data loss or disruption. Conduct
security testing to identify and address any vulnerabilities that could compromise the security
of the school management application. Test the authentication and authorization mechanisms,
data encryption, and user access controls to ensure that sensitive data is protected and
unauthorized access is prevented. The purpose is to identify any defects, errors, or
inconsistencies that may arise due to the interaction of different modules or components within
the system.

The end-users, such as administrators, teachers, students, and parents, are involved to conduct
user acceptance testing. Feedback is gathered from the users to assess the application's
usability, functionality, and overall satisfaction. Incorporate user feedback to make necessary
improvements and validate that the application meets their expectations.

7.6 VALIDATION TESTING

Validation testing is a type of testing that verifies that the input provided by the user is
validated and processed correctly. In the context, validation testing can help to ensure that user
input is properly validated before being used by the application.

SN Test Case Test description Input test Expected Actual Result Remarks
Id data Result
1 TC-01 Enter valid data in NURSE Show Displayed pass
username and password LOGIN home page home page for
field ********* for user user NURSE
DASHBOARD

TABLE7.6: VALIDATION TESTING

50
 CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION
The trend of software development has grown in the contemporary environment thanks
to the development of information technology. In order to keep up with the times, internships
give postgraduate students a gateway into the working world where they ca

n study and gain experience. Working under pressure has been adapted to successfully
through internship. Meeting deadlines has been made easier by tackling urgent and immediate
bugs while working with many features in a single week-long sprint. The technical duties
carried out throughout the internship have assisted the intern in strengthening their software
development and debugging abilities. The Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management
System project provides a thorough and effective response to the difficulties dental clinics
experience in running their businesses. The technology helps clinics deliver top-notch dental
care while maximizing resource use by automating administrative activities, strengthening
patient management, improving treatment planning, and streamlining financial operations. This
system's deployment can greatly increase efficiency, precision, and patient happiness, making
it a priceless resource for contemporary dentistry clinics.

Including for the future treatment, as well as to do research from the data that had
kept in the database system as this system will be used for the dental management, the dental
industry will soon be a high standard industry, which all the process will be done through the
computer and specified system.

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

Future consideration for the Mobile Application for Dental Clinic Management System
project may include the following prospective developments:

• Integration with Electronic Health Records (EHR): By integrating the

system with EHR platforms, patient data may be easily shared between various
healthcare providers, fostering greater collaboration and continuity of care.

51
• Telemedicine Integration: Integration of telemedicine capabilities enables remote
consultations and follow-ups, enhancing access to care for patients who might find it

challenging to physically attend the clinic.

• AI-Assisted Diagnosis: Dental diagnostics and image analysis using artificial

intelligence algorithms can help dentists make precise diagnoses, plan effective
treatments, and make tailored recommendations for patient care.
• Insurance Integration: By automating the insurance claims process and
integrating with insurance systems, billing and reimbursement are made simpler, which
lowers administrative costs and boosts financial efficiency.
• Equipment and Inventory Integration: Integration of Equipment and
Inventory: By automating inventory management, maintenance planning, and dental
supply reordering, the system may be integrated with dental equipment and inventory
management systems to ensure optimal clinic operations.

52
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

PHP & SQL BOOK REFERENCE

1. “Comparison of Flutter with Other Development Platforms”, Achal Agrawal,

Amit Agrawal, Rahul Arya, Hardik Jain, Jyoti Manoorkar, 2021 IJCRT | Volume
9, Issue 2 February 2021 | ISSN: 2320-2882
2. "Flutter: Portable UI Development for Mobile", Eric Seidel, Lili Cheng, Seth Ladd
3. Flutter Developer Tools - https://flutter.dev/learn

Websites Referred
1. www.google.com
2. www.ask.com
3. www.codeproject.com

53
 APPENDIX A – SCREEN SHOTS

A [1] LOGIN A [2] DASHBOARD

 A [4] ADD APPOINTMENT
A [3] APPOINTMENT LIST

55
A [5] PRESCRIPTION DETAILS A [6] PHARMACY DASHBOARD

56
A [7] LATEST SALE A [8] ACCOUNT DASHBOARD

57
A [9] NEW PAYMENT A [10] ATTDANCE

58
A [11] FINANCIAL REPORT A [12] LAB REPORT

59
A [13] NOTICE BOARD A [14] REPORT DELIVERY

60
 APPENDIX B – SAMPLE CODING

import 'package:flutter/cupertino.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:hmz/appointment/todaysAppointment.dart';
import 'package:hmz/auth/providers/auth.dart';
import 'package:hmz/home/widgets/app_drawer.dart';
import 'package:hmz/home/widgets/bottom_navigation_bar.dart';
import 'package:hmz/prescription/screens/user_prescriptions_screen.dart';
import 'package:hmz/setting/setting.dart';
import 'package:hmz/utils/colors.dart';
import '../profile/fullProfile.dart';
import 'package:hmz/profile/changePassword.dart';
import 'package:intl/intl.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
import 'package:date_field/date_field.dart';

import 'dart:async';
import 'dart:convert';
import '../appointment/appointment.dart';
import '../appointment/showAppointment.dart';

import 'package:flutter_gen/gen_l10n/app_localizations.dart';

class AppintmentDetails {
final String id;
final String patient_name;
final String doctor_name;
final String date;
final String start_time;
final String end_time;
final String status;

61
 final String remarks;
final String jitsi_link;

AppintmentDetails({
this.id,
this.patient_name,
this.doctor_name,
this.date,
this.start_time,
this.end_time,
this.remarks,
this.status,
this.jitsi_link,
});
}

class DashboardScreen extends StatefulWidget {

static const routeName = '/dsh';

String idd;
String useridd;
DashboardScreen(this.idd, this.useridd);

@override
DashboardScreenState createState() =>
DashboardScreenState(this.idd, this.useridd);
}

class DashboardScreenState extends State<DashboardScreen> {

String idd;
String useridd;
DashboardScreenState(this.idd, this.useridd);
int len;

62
Future<List<AppintmentDetails>> _responseFuture() async {
// var data = await http.get(Auth().linkURL +
// "api/getMyAllAppoinmentList?group=doctor&id=" +
// this.idd);

final url = Auth().linkURL + "api/getMyAllAppoinmentList";

final data = await http.post(

Uri.parse(url),
body: {
'group': "doctor",
'id': this.idd,
},
);

var jsondata = json.decode(data.body);

List<AppintmentDetails> _lcdata = [];

for (var u in jsondata) {

AppintmentDetails subdata = AppintmentDetails(
id: u["id"],
patient_name: u["patient_name"],
doctor_name: u["doctor_name"],
date: u["date"],
start_time: u["start_time"],
end_time: u["end_time"],
remarks: u["remarks"],
status: u["status"],
jitsi_link: u["jitsi_link"],
);
_lcdata.add(subdata);
}

this.len = _lcdata.length;
63
 return _lcdata;
}

Future<List<AppintmentDetails>> allappointments;

@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
allappointments = _responseFuture();
}

AppColor appcolor = new AppColor();

Widget build(BuildContext context) {

return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
centerTitle: true,
title: Text(
AppLocalizations.of(context).dashboard,
style: TextStyle(
color: appcolor.appbartext(),
fontWeight: appcolor.appbarfontweight(),
),
),
backgroundColor: appcolor.appbarbackground(),
elevation: 0,
bottomOpacity: .1,
iconTheme: IconThemeData(color: appcolor.appbaricontheme()),
actions: [
Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8),
child: GestureDetector(
child: CircleAvatar(
64
 radius: 25,
backgroundImage: NetworkImage(
"https://image.flaticon.com/icons/png/512/147/147144.png"),
backgroundColor: Colors.transparent,
),
onTap: () {
Navigator.of(context)
.pushReplacementNamed(FullProfile.routeName);
},
),
)
],
),
drawer: AppDrawer(),
body: Container(
padding: EdgeInsets.all(10),
height: MediaQuery.of(context).size.height,
child: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceAround,
children: [
GridView.count(
shrinkWrap: true,
primary: false,
crossAxisSpacing: 5,
mainAxisSpacing: 10,
crossAxisCount: 2,
childAspectRatio: (100 / 100),
children: <Widget>[
Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.all(10),
child: ElevatedButton(
style: ElevatedButton.styleFrom(
primary: Colors.white,
shadowColor: Color.fromRGBO(0, 0, 0, .5),
65
 elevation: 5,
),
child: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: [
Icon(
Icons.calendar_today,
color: Colors.amber[800],
),
Padding(padding: EdgeInsets.all(5)),
Text(
AppLocalizations.of(context).todaysAppointment,
style: TextStyle(
fontSize: 15,
color: Colors.black,
),
textAlign: TextAlign.center,
),
],
),
onPressed: () {
Navigator.of(context).pushReplacementNamed(
ShowTodaysAppointmentScreen.routeName);
},
),
),
Container(
child: Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.all(10),
child: ElevatedButton(
style: ElevatedButton.styleFrom(
primary: Colors.white,
shadowColor: Color.fromRGBO(0, 0, 0, .5),
elevation: 5,
66
 ),
child: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: [
Icon(
Icons.add_circle_outline,
color: Colors.amber[800],
size: 30,
),
Padding(padding: EdgeInsets.all(5)),
Text(
AppLocalizations.of(context).addAppointment,
textAlign: TextAlign.center,
style: TextStyle(
fontSize: 15,
color: Colors.black,
),
),
],
),
onPressed: () {
Navigator.of(context).pushReplacementNamed(
AppointmentDetailsScreen.routeName);
},
),
),
),
Container(
child: Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.all(10),
child: ElevatedButton(
style: ElevatedButton.styleFrom(
primary: Colors.white,
shadowColor: Color.fromRGBO(0, 0, 0, .5),
67
 elevation: 5,
),
child: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: [
Icon(
Icons.list,
color: Colors.amber[800],
size: 30,
),
Padding(padding: EdgeInsets.all(5)),
Text(
AppLocalizations.of(context).appointments,
style: TextStyle(
fontSize: 15,
color: Colors.black,
),
),
],
),
onPressed: () {
Navigator.of(context).pushReplacementNamed(
ShowAppointmentScreen.routeName);
},
),
),
),
Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.all(10),
child: ElevatedButton(
style: ElevatedButton.styleFrom(
primary: Colors.white,

shadowColor: Color.fromRGBO(0, 0, 0, .5),

68
 elevation: 5, // foreground
),
child: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: [
Icon(
Icons.file_copy,
color: Colors.amber[800],
size: 30,
),
Padding(padding: EdgeInsets.all(5)),
Text(
AppLocalizations.of(context).prescription,
style: TextStyle(
fontSize: 15,
color: Colors.black,
),
),
],
),
onPressed: () {
Navigator.of(context).pushReplacementNamed(
UserPrescriptionsScreen.routeName);
},
),
),
Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.all(10),
child: ElevatedButton(
style: ElevatedButton.styleFrom(
primary: Colors.white,

shadowColor: Color.fromRGBO(0, 0, 0, .5),

elevation: 5, // foreground
69
 ),
child: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: [
Icon(
Icons.person,
color: Colors.amber[800],
size: 30,
),
Padding(padding: EdgeInsets.all(5)),
Text(
AppLocalizations.of(context).profile,
style: TextStyle(
fontSize: 15,
color: Colors.black,
),
),
],
),
onPressed: () {
Navigator.of(context)
.pushReplacementNamed(FullProfile.routeName);
},
),
),
Container(
child: Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.all(10),
child: ElevatedButton(
style: ElevatedButton.styleFrom(
primary: Colors.white,

shadowColor: Color.fromRGBO(0, 0, 0, .5),

elevation: 5, // foreground
70
 ),
child: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: [
Icon(
Icons.settings,
color: Colors.amber[800],
size: 30,
),
Padding(padding: EdgeInsets.all(5)),
Text(
AppLocalizations.of(context).setting,
style: TextStyle(
fontSize: 15,
color: Colors.black,
),
textAlign: TextAlign.center,
),
],
),
onPressed: () {
Navigator.of(context)
.pushReplacementNamed(SettingScreen.routeName);
},
),
),
),
],
),
])),
bottomNavigationBar: AppBottomNavigationBar(screenNum: 0),
);
}
}
71
 APPENDIX C – TECHNOLOGY/ SOFTWARE

FLUTTER:

Flutter is an open-source UI software development kit (SDK) created by Google. It is

designed to build natively compiled applications for mobile, web, and desktop platforms from
a single codebase. Flutter uses a reactive framework that allows developers to create visually
appealing and performant user interfaces.

At the core of Flutter is the Flutter engine, which is built using the C++ programming
language. The engine includes the Skai graphics library, which handles rendering the user
interface, and a high-performance Dart runtime that executes Flutter apps. Flutter uses a layered
architecture with different layers responsible for various aspects of the application, such as
rendering, animation, and gestures. Flutter provides a rich set of pre-designed widgets for
creating user interfaces. These widgets follow the Material Design guidelines for Android and
the Cupertino design guidelines for iOS, ensuring a consistent and native-like look and feel
across platforms. Additionally, Flutter allows for customization, enabling developers to create
unique and visually appealing UI designs. Flutter apps are written in the Dart programming
language, which is optimized for creating user interfaces. Dart is an object-oriented language
with features like strong type checking, garbage collection, and just-in-time (JIT) compilation
for fast development cycles. Flutter also supports ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation for
production performance, resulting in highly optimized and efficient applications. Here is some
information about Flutter and its advantages: Cross-Platform Development: Flutter allows
developers to build applications that work seamlessly across multiple platforms, including iOS,
Android, web, and desktop, using a single codebase. This approach saves time and effort by
eliminating the need to develop separate codebases for different platforms. Fast Development
and Hot Reload: Flutter offers a fast development cycle with its "hot reload" feature, which
allows developers to see the changes made in the code immediately reflected in the app without
restarting the application. This feature significantly speeds up the development process and
enables developers to
iterate quickly. High Performance: Flutter apps are compiled to native machine code, which
enables them to achieve high performance and deliver near-native performance levels. The
Flutter engine, called Skai, takes care of rendering the UI and handles gestures, input, and other
low-level aspects of the application. Dart Programming Language: Flutter uses Dart as its

72
programming language. Dart is a modern, object-oriented language with features like a just-in-
time (JIT) compiler for development speed and an ahead-of-time (AOT) compiler for
production performance. Dart is easy to learn and offers strong tooling support. These
advantages make Flutter a popular choice among developers for building cross-platform
applications, offering productivity, performance, and
flexibility.

FLUTTER ARCHITECTURAL LAYERS

73
 APPENDIX D – LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

UI- User Interface

JIT- Just in Time

SDK- Software Development Kit

AOT- Ahead-Of-Time

ERP- Enterprise Resource Plan

API- Application Programming Interface

CSV- Comma Separated Value

OTP- One Time Password

UML- Unified Model Language

FCM- Firebase Cloud Messaging

DFD- Data Flow Diagram

ER- Entity Relationship Diagram

IDE- Integrated Development Environment

74