Bertalanffy (1968) – system is an arrangement of parts, and interconnections come together for a purpose.

Parts of Health System:

Community

Department or ministries of health

Health care providers

Health service organization

Pharmaceutical companies

Health financing bodies

Functions such as governance including:

Policymaking

Regulation

Health care provision including:

Clinical Services

Health promotion

Financing

Managing resources

Health System Definition:

Roemer – the combination of resources, organization, financing and management that culminate in the delivery of health services
to the population.

World Health Organization – all organizations, institution and resources that are devoted to producing health actions.

• Health Actions – any effort, whether in personal health care, public health services whose primary purpose is to improve health.

GOALS AND FUNCTION OF HEALTH SYSTEM

3 MAIN GOALS FOR HEALTH SYSTEM ACCORDING TO WHO:

1. Improving the health of population is the overachieving goal of health system.

• Implementing a range of strategies and initiatives to enhance overall well-being and reduce illness and disease within
a community. This typically includes promoting healthy lifestyles, providing access to quality healthcare services,
implementing preventive measures, and addressing social determinants of health such as education, income, and
living conditions. Effective public health policies, community engagement, and healthcare infrastructure play crucial
roles in achieving this goal.
• Safety of population must be protected from existing and emerging health risks.

2. Improving the responsiveness of the health system to the population it serves

• serves entails optimizing the healthcare system's ability to meet the needs and expectations of its users efficiently
and effectively.
 3. Fairness in financial contribution

FOUR VITAL HEALTH SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

1. Health service provision – delivery of healthcare services to individuals and communities by healthcare providers
and institution
• the system has to perform a wide range of activities

2. Health service inputs – refer to the essential resources and factors required to deliver healthcare services
effectively. These inputs are critical for maintaining and improving the quality of healthcare delivery.
3. Stewardship or the overall system –
4. Health Financing
A. revenue collection – collection of money to pay for healthcare services.
-mechanism of revenue collection is taxation or any forms of personal savings.
B. risk pooling – collection and management of financial resources in a way that spreads financial risks from an individual to
all risk members
- the core function of insurance mechanism
-often involves pooling funds from a large and diverse population to cover the healthcare costs of those in need. This
helps distribute the financial burden more equitably and reduces the risk of catastrophic healthcare expenses for
individuals.

• Bismarck model – name after the Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck who invented the welfare state as psrt of
unification of Germany in 19th century.
• Beveridge model – name after William Beveridge.
- In this system, health care is provided and financed by the government through tax payment.

• Strategic purchasing – the way most risk-pooling organization or purchasers use collected and pooled financial

resources finance or buy health care services for their members.

WHO HEALTH SYSTEM FRAMEWORK

1. Service Delivery: Deliver effectively, safe, quality personal and non-personal health interventions.
-This component focuses on ensuring the provision of accessible, effective, and high-quality healthcare services to
meet the needs of the population. It encompasses a range of services, from primary care to specialized treatments
and includes preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services.
2. Health Workforce: responsive, fair and efficient to achieve best health outcome.
- A well-trained and motivated healthcare workforce is essential for delivering healthcare services. This component
issues related to the recruitment, training, deployment, and retention of healthcare professionals, including doctors,
nurses, and other healthcare staff.
3. Information:

4. Medical products, vaccines, and technologies: assured quality, safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness.

5. Financing: raises adequate funds for health

6. Leadership and governance: ensuring strategic policy framework exist and are combined with stewardship
PHILIPPINE HEALTH SYSTEM

Historic Background:

1970: PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FOR ALL

1979: ADOPTION OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

1982: REORGANIZING OF DOH

1986: MILK CODE OF 1986

1988: THE GENERICS ACTS

1991: RA 7160 (LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE

1995: NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE ACT

1996: HEALTH SECTOR REFORM ACT AGENDA

2005: FOURmula one (F1) for HEALTH

2008: RA 9502 (ACCESS TO CHEAPER AND QUALITY MEDICINE ACT.

2010: AO 2010-0036 (KALUSUGANG PANGKALAHATAN)

2013: SIN TAXES FOR HEALTH

2019: UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE LAW

LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE

•DIRECTIONS OF THE PHILIPPINES HEALTH SECTOR

1. The Philippine Health Agenda (DOH Administrative Order 2016-0038)

2. Philippine Developmental Plan 2017-2022

3. NEDA AmBisyon Natin 2040

4. Sustainable Developmental Goals 2030