Egypt Exploration Society

Texts of Ḥatshepsut and Sethos I inside Speos Artemidos

Author(s): H. W. Fairman and Bernhard Grdseloff
Reviewed work(s):
Source: The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 33 (Dec., 1947), pp. 12-33
Published by: Egypt Exploration Society
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3855434 .
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 (I2)

TEXTS OF HATSHEPSUT AND SETHOS I

INSIDE SPEOS ARTEMIDOSa
By H. W. FAIRMAN ANDBERNHARD GRDSELOFF
IN November 1943 we took advantage of a visit to Speos Artemidos, primarily to
collate the great inscription of Hatshepsut for Dr. Gardiner, to collate and copy all the
other inscriptions of Hatshepsut and Sethos I within the Speos. We were also able to
visit and copy the texts in the smaller Speos of Batn el Bakarah,a short distance to the
east, which was recently discovered and published by Ahmed Fakhry.b Since Dr.

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FIG. I
Speos Artemidos:sketchplan (afterLeps., Denkm.,Text, II, 108).
Gardiner has published the famous text of Hatshepsut,cwe have thought this a suitable
occasion to present a new edition of the other texts, some of which, as far as we are
aware, have never been translated or studied.
Speos Artemidos, or Istabl 'Antar as it is known locally, lies on the south side and
near to the mouth of a small, rocky, and picturesque valley about a mile to the south of
the Beni Hasan tombs. The Speos has been cut out of the living rock and consists of
two chambers: a larger, outer vestibule or Portico, and a small inner Sanctuary with
which it is connected by a short passage (fig. i). The roof of the Portico was originally
a The superiorletters referto the footnotes,the superiorfigures to the notes of the Commentarywhich
follows certainsections of the translation.
b Ann. Serv.xxxIX, 709-23. We hope to publisha new editionof these texts in a latervolumeof thisJournal.
c JEA XXXII, 43 ff., with pl. 6.
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SPEOS ARTEMIDOS: Dedication Text of Sethos I

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no
f Sethos I
 HATSHEPSUT AND SETHOS I INSIDE SPEOS ARTEMIDOS I3
supported by two rows of four pillars, of which only the three easternmost of the row
forming the faqadestill survive, these pillarsbeing inscribedon their easternandwestern
faces. The rock above the pillars forming the fa9ade has been dressed and the western
portion bears the great text of Hatshepsut (fig. I, 1-2).a In the Portico itself only the
south wall has been decoratedwith scenes and texts orig inally inscribed by atshepsut
and subsequently restored and usurped by Sethos I, who added dedication texts below
the existing scenes (fig. I, 3-4 and 5-7) to left and right of the door to the Sanctuary.
The Sanctuary, which is roughly square in shape, did not receive any decoration in
the time of Hatshepsut, but Sethos I added texts in the thickness of the door (fig. i,
17-19) and round the statue-niche e high up in the south wall (fig. i, 20, 21). All other
wall-surfaces are uninscribed and only roughly dressed.
The history of Speos Artemidos is difficult to establish with exactitude. It is certain
that it was originally the work of Hatshepsut and that Sethos I 'restored' it and added
other texts of his own, but it is not so obvious whether his 'restoration'was merely the
usurpation of scenes of Hatshepsut and the repairingof the ravagesof time, or whether
previous kings had alreadyaltered or damagedthe monument. We could find no traces
of the cutting out of the name of Amun and it appears probable, therefore, that the
Speos was neglected or overlookedin the 'AmarnahAge. It would be naturalto expect
that all the texts of Hatshepsut should have been altered by Tuthmosis III, for this is
what happened at Batn el Bakarah and the name of Tuthmosis III appears on the
pillars, but this cannot be proved. Nowhere on the south wall of the Portico could we
find any trace of the name Mn-hpr-Rr and it is noteworthy that in the cartouches on
the same wall the signs o ~ seem to be original and it is only the final element that has
been altered.b It is possible, but not certain, therefore, that Tuthmosis III did not
alter the texts of Hatshepsut and that Sethos I made genuine restorations,in addition
to usurping the monument, the Speos having presumably been abandoned and having
fallen into disrepair before his accession.
I. The Reading of the Name '
In the inscriptions of Speos Artemidos the name of the little valley in which it is
situated is normally written -. Hitherto most scholars appear to have been content
to adopt Sethe's rendering 'Messerberg' and to leave the question of transliteration
open, the only published readings being those of Fakhry who suggested Set,c and
Maspero who advocated Sait.d Since Dr. Gardiner has informed us, in answer to our
inquiry, that in the note which he had already prepared for his forthcoming edition
of the Onomastica(under No. 381 A) he had indicated that the readingwas still doubtful,
some further consideration of the reading may be useful.
a A view of the fa9ade is published in M. A. Murray, Egyptian Temples, pl. 8. The Speos is now protected
by a grille and door.
b So also Sethe's edition of the texts does not indicate any alteration of |, which would be expected if an
original Mart-k;-Rr had been altered first to MIn-hpr-Rrand then to Mn-mrft-Rr. (But cf. p. I6, n. f-g below.)
It should be noted that on the south wall of the Portico the original scenes and texts of Hatshepsut are in
relief, and the alterations have been effected in most instances by covering with plaster in which the added
signs were faintly modelled; only rarely, as far as we could see, had a sign been chiselled out and a new one
added in plaster. c Ann. Serv. xxxix, 719. d PSBA, I89, 519 iff.
 I4 H. W. FAIRMAN AND BERNHARD GRDSELOFF
The following spellings are known to us :a
(a) : Newberry, Beni Hasan, I, pl. i8.
(b) - Newberry, op. cit. I, pl. 24.
(c) ': normal form at Speos Artemidos.
(d) ': pl. V, No. I5, line 8; Ann. Serv. xxxIx, 714; small speos of Alexander II
west of Speos Artemidos (unpublished).
(e) b pl. IV, No. 7, line io.
(f) ': Stela Leyden V. i = Boeser, Beschreibung,III, pl. I I5.
(g) ,' : Budge, GreenfieldPapyrus, pl. 75, 6.
(h) A*: Ann. Serv. xv, 273 = Dfimichen, Geogr. Inschr. i, Taf. 93, 9.
(i) J: Chassinat, Le Templed'Edfou, vi, 44, i6.
It is significant that the two earliest spellings (nos. a and b) either use e alone or
replace M by : as determinative. It is unlikely, therefore, that , has any phonetic
value, its function appears to be that of a determinative and the reading Sit-dw must
be excluded from consideration. The Beni Hasan examples indicate further that the
whole reading must lie in , and that , must have a value equivalent to that of > in
our (b), where it is evident that 'S is a phonetic determinative and that is the real
determinative, employed in other examples as a phonogram. The spelling (b) also
indicates that there is a connexion with j> 'sheep' (Wb. IIIn,462, 14) and suggests
the reading srt.
That this suggestion is likely to be correct is shown by A*(h), a writing which is
undoubtedly influenced by the decan >*, jL* srt, Greek Ypco (Wb. III, 463).c A
further indication of the phonetic identity of - and ~ srt is furnished by the divine
name ITK d i.e. srpt capnor, mi iotoyi and sriw cpo, rendered in Greek Zep9ovO
,UovCTrpwo.eAccordingly, we suggest that `, is to be read Srt 'Sro'.
It remains to establish the connexion of ' with srt. The word of origin is clearly
LP A 'thorn' (Wb. IV, I90)f and we are inclined to suggest that the knife - is employed
to convey the idea of the piercing, cutting nature of A.g This suggestion may perhaps
find some support in the inscriptions of the 'bandeaux'where Pakhet is referred to as
'Pakhet the great, Mistress of Sr6, in her temple of the inaccessible valley which she
hewed out herself' (see pls. III and IV, p. 21 below). Thus Pakhetis said to have carved
a We owe nos. (f), (g), and (i) to Dr. Gardiner.
b For the exact form of z= see pl. IV.
c Note the interesting spelling 0- (Lef6bure, Le Tombeaude Seti Ier, 4e partie, pl. 36): in the original -
has four stars along its back and another three under its belly. Dr. Gardiner points out that A* is not, strictly
speaking, a variant of the place-name ~l; the writing suggests a decan or constellation as alternative to the
place-name.
d Lepsius, Todtenbuch,pl. 77.
e Wb. iv, 195, 3. Cf.
Griffith-Thompson, The Demotic Magical Papyrus of London and Leiden, p. 22, note
on col. i, line Iz2.
f This has also been pointed out to us by Dr. Gardiner, who comments that
Coptic coTpe: coypi shows that
the r has survived and speaks against any reading St, Sit-dw.
g See also Gauthier, Les Nomes d'Egypte, 66-7, who rightly stresses that the Edfu spelling, (i) above,
suggests the idea of cutting in a mountainous district. We know of no evidence to support his further con-
tention that the Speos was cut in Dyn. xil.
 HATSHEPSUT AND SETHOS I INSIDE SPEOS ARTEMIDOS I5
out of the mountain the valley in which lies Speos Artemidos and the smaller shrine
of Batn el Bakarahand we have a possible explanationof the employment of the 'knife'
' and the 'valley' w in writings of Sr6. It should be noted also that Pakhet and the
thorn are actually placed in parallel in _i_^P A LB
o Ta 'made in
sic
the image of Pakhet which flies (as) a thorn in the face of men'.
II. Texts on the South Wall of the Portico originally inscribed by Hatshepsut
In this section we translate only those texts which were originally inscribed by
Hatshepsut and were subsequently restored and usurped by Sethos I. Some of these
texts (fig. I, 3, 4, and 6) have been published in whole or in part by Sethe, Urk. iv,
289, 5-29I, 2 (- No. 3), 285, 2-6 and 286, 10-287, 3 (= No. 4),b and 287, 5-9 (=
No. 6),c and translations of them will be found in Sethe, Urkundender i8. Dynastie
bearbeitetund iibersetzt, I, I30-3. For complete references to previous publications see
Porter-Moss, Top. Bibl. IV, i64. The dedication texts of Sethos I, which were added
below Nos. 4-3, 5-7, are studied below, p. 21.
Whereas in Pls. III-VII we have reproducedthe actual state of the monument, in our
translationswe attempt to give what we believe was the original version of Hatshepsut.
All words which were subsequently altered under Sethos I are given in heavy type in
the translation. The majority of the alterations are sufficiently obvious not to need
further commentdand have been listed in Urk. iv, 285-91.
A. Texts to the left of the door of the Sanctuary
i. Amen-Recproclaimsthe kingshipof Hatshepsute(fig. i, 4; pl. III).
On a low pedestal is a light canopy under which, to the right, sits Amen-Re? on a
throne. To the left, in front of the pedestal, stands Weret-Hekau-Pakhet,lion-headed
with disk on her head, with left hand extended towards the kneeling Queen who is in
front of her facing Amen-Re(.
Title: (i) An offeringwhichAmen-Rergives at the appearance(2) of Makererfor ever.
Before Amen-Re(: (3) Amen-Rer,Lord of the Great Seat.
Speech of Amen-Re': (4) Utterance by Amen-Rer,Lord of the Thronesof the Two
Lands, who is on his great seat (5) in the Great House (Pr-wr): 'O my beloved daughter
(6) Makerer,I am thy belovedfather. (7) (I) establish(for5 thee thy rankfin the kingship
(8) of the Two Lands. I have fixed thy titulary.'
a Sarcophagus of AnkhnesneferibreS, 429-30 == Sander-Hansen, Die religiosen Texte auf dem Sarg der
Anchnesneferibre,p. I30. For the interpretation of the passage cf. Two Brothers I8, 4, where p4 is used with
reference to the flight of a splinter of wood.
b Wrongly ascribed by Porter-Moss, Top. Bibl. iv, I64, to Text 5.
c The forms of signs as given by Sethe are not always exact. It has not been thought necessary to indicate
these in the notes.
d They consist mainly in the substitution of = for an original z.
e Champollion, Not. Descr. II, 327-9; 11.3-8 Urk. I, 285, 2-6; 11.9-13 ibid., 286, 10-287, I; the relief,
without texts, Champollion, Mon., pl. 385, 4. See also p. i6, n. e; p. I8, n. e. In this and all other scenes
on the south wall the royal figure is male.
f Read: smn (.i n-)t scrht m nswyt tVwy, cf. Urk. Iv, 264, 2, i6; 281, 4; 242, 7; 200, 8. Sethe translated 'der
deine Wurde festsetzte als Herr des K6nigtums der beiden Liinder', but ::, and not ~c7 as given by Sethe,
is clear and is a correction over an original - or -=.
 i6 H. W. FAIRMAN AND BERNHARD GRDSELOFF
Speech of Weret-Hekau-Pakhet: (9) Utteranceby Weret-Hekau-Pakhet,(io) Lady
of Heaven, Mistressof the Two Lands: 'Seat thyself (in Pr-wr), 0 Lord (ii) of the Gods,
when thou hast installed me (I2) on the brow of thy daughter, the King of Upper and
Lower Egypt, Makeri?, even as (thy) father Rer has commandedthee, 0 Amiun,Lord of
the Thronesof the Two Lands. Ib place thefear of thee in all lands. (I3) I rear myself
up betweenthine eyebrows,my fiery breathbeingas a fire against thine enemiesand thou
art glad throughme like Recfor ever.'
Behind Amen-Re.c (I4) TheKing of Upperand LowerEgypt, Menmarrecr, Son of Rtc
of his body, Lord of Diadems, Seti-merenptah,who restoresthe monument of hisd father
for ever.
2. Thoth announcesthe accessionof Hatshepsutto the Great Enneade(fig. 1, 3; pl. III).
Thoth with outstretchedarm stands on the right and addressesthe Ennead. Although
Pakhet is expressly mentioned (line 3), she is not actually depicted.
Title: (I) An offeringgiven by the King who appearsas King of Upperand LowerEgypt.
Before Thoth: (2) The Lord of Eshmunen,Master of the Divine Words.
Pakhet: (3) Utteranceby Pakhet, Mistressof Sro: 'My beloveddaughterMaker?rwho
is at the head of all the commonpeoplefor ever.'
Above Thoth: (4) Utterance by Thoth, Lord of Eshmunen: 'My beloved daughter
Makert,f as the name of Amun (5) is at the head of the Ennead,so the name of Makerec
is at the head of all the livingfor ever.'g
Thoth's address to the Ennead: (6) Utterance by Thoth, Lord of Eshmunento the
Great Enneadwhichis in Karnak (Ipt-swt) and to the gods of Upper and Lower Egypt:
'Hearkento thisgreat decreewhich (7) Amen-Rgc,Lord of the Thronesof the Two Lands,
has issuedhto all the gods: "It is Makergrwho will be' King of Upper and Lower Egypt,
a Sethe's translation 'Du erfreutest dich' is most unsatisfactory and, moreover, disregards the parallel from
El-Kab (Urk. IV, 287, 5). The scribe or sculptor of the Speos Artemidos text altered slightly the order of the
phrases as recorded at El-KIb and in so doing, we suggest, omitted the words m Pr-wr.
b Read as Sethe has suggested; cf. wnwn'i in 1. I3. Wrt-hkkwnow turns and addresses Hatshepsut.
/[l]
The restorer has made a triple error, for there was no necessity in the first place to chliangethe suffix which
refers to Wrt-.hkw. Nevertheless he made the change, wrongly putting B,which is meaningless in the context,
still with reference to the goddess. Finally, recognizing his error, he put a vertical - over B.Sethe omitted
to note these changes. The scribe of Sethos I appears to have construed this passage as 'Amun, Lord of the
Thrones of the Two Lands, will put fear of thee in all lands'.
c It is doubtful whether this line forms part of the original text and it was probably added by Sethos I.
d t. sic for q.
e
Leps., Denkm. III, 26 (7); Lepsius, Uber den ersten dgyptischen Gotterkreis in Abh. Preuss. Akad. I85I,
Taf. I (II); Champollion, Not. Descr. II, 330-I, 328; 11. 6-I9 = Urk. iv, 289, 5-291, 3.
f-g We are unable to translate the end of line 4 as it stands. We consider that this portion of the text has
probably undergone at least two changes. We suggest that the original version, on which our translation is
based, read, after M;rt-k;-Rr, rn n 'Imnpw hnti Psdt, etc. (cf. Urk. iv, 347, 2-3; 21o, 2-3; 298, 7-8). This was
altered (under Tuthmosis III ?) in a manner which we cannot establish. This altered version was not under-
stood by the scribes of Sethos I, who in inserting the name of the King obliterated rn (though it is also possible
that this was done in the earlier alteration) and made other changes which are not clear. I P at the end of line 5
does not appear to be original and may be, we suggest, a surcharge over an original x 7 .
h Lit. 'this great word which . . . has commanded to'.
i ntt m with future meaning has a strange appearance, but the future is essential since we are concerned with
a decree announcing the accession of the Queen. Although we cannot quote any other examples of ntt mnused
 HATSHEPSUT AND SETHOS I INSIDE SPEOS ARTEMIDOS I7
appearingon the Throneof Horus for ever. The beloved of her god,a(to wit) the Lord
of the Great Mansion,she shall guide (8) all the living." That which the goodgod himself
has doneis right in the heart of the Great Ennead. It is sheb who shall lead uscin the Two
Lands. (9) Give yed to her all life, stability, and prosperity(that issue)fromeyourselves,f
all joy (that issues)fromeyourselves,that she may consortwith you.'
The reply of the Ennead: (io) Utteranceby the Great Ennead, Lord of heaven and
earth, Lord of the Great Mansion: 'We have given all life, stability, and prosperity(that
issue)fromeus, all health (that issues)fromeus and all joy (that issues)fromeus (II) (to)g
the good goddessMakerer,who buildsour temples,who restoresourfanes, who renewsour
altars, she who is beloved of us, (even) the daughter of Rer, Hnmt-'Imn-h3t-?pswt,
granted life, (12) who establishesKour)h names and restores(I3) all that we have made.
We give to her and to her Ka all life, stability, and prosperity(14) (that issue)from us.
Theyishall be at the head of (I5) all the livingfor ever, Hnmt-'Imn-h3t-?pswt, Daughter
of Aman, (i6) born of Pakhet, Lady of Heaven, Mistress of the Gods, whom [we]jlove
(I7) even as thou lovest her. Our arm(s)arefilled with (I8) all life and prosperityfor the
nose of this good goddesswhomherfather (I9) Aman loves, that she may live and endure
in this land for ever.'k
Below lines I2-19 is the company of twelve gods in three rows: Month, Atum, Shu,
Tphenis, Geb, Nut, Osiris, Isis, [Seth], Nephthys, Horus, and Hathor. Before each
name is Q cut over an original /, i.e. thegod X gives to her (life etc.).
B. Texts to the right of the doorof the Sanctuary
i. .Hatshepsutoffersincenseand libationsto Pakhet'(fig. i, 5; pl. IV).
The Queen stands on the right facing Pakhet who is seated on a throne.
Title: (i) Offeringincenseand libations.
in this way, the use of m in certain contexts with reference to the future has been noted by Grdseloff, Ann.
Serv. XLII, 50, n. (d).
a We assume that the primitive text was _ .-- . Sethe presumes that the original had -=~ instead of
, i.e. ntr r;, and translates 'von der der grosse Gott, der Herr des grossen Hauses will, dass sie alle Lebenden
leite'. We consider it unlikely that the scribe would have corrected an original , if it had really stood there.
b Translated by Gunn, Syntax, 51, No. 49. Sethe suggested that the words swt ir-f did not form part of
the primitive text. This suggestion is not likely to be correct, and there seem to be slight, but not absolutely
certain, indications that -=.- is a surcharge; read therefore
c Sethe's proposed emendation ('-2>is possible, but not imperative.
d The scribe apparently omitted Dor after A; read di'(t)n.
e Cf. Lefebvre, Gramm., ? 494, 5 (a).
f The scribe unthinkingly changed the suffix 2nd pers. plural into . Sethe's 9 is not impossible, but we
thought to see a damaged and unusually small <.
g There is no room for Sethe's postulated (-), though the sense requires it. There is no loss at this point
either at the end of line i o or at the beginning of line i I.
h Reading rnw(-n), the suffix, often written in this text as simple -, having been omitted in error after
the final - of rnw'.
i I.e. Hatshepsut and her Ka.
J Room for [-], suffix ist pers. plural.
k Or alternatively Sethe's 'von der ihr Vater Amon will, dass sie lebe und dauere in diesem Lande ewiglich'.
Our proposed translation accords better, however, with the general tenor of the passage.
1 Champollion, Mon., pl. 310, I, where the scene is wrongly assigned to Thebes. The authorities quoted
in Porter-Moss, op. cit. iv, I64 (5) refer in reality to Text 4, pl. III.
i8 H. W. FAIRMAN AND BERNHARD GRDSELOFF
Above the Queen: (2) The King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Makerer,(3) Daughter
of Rec, Hnmt-'Imn-h3t-?pswt, (4) granted life like Rerfor ever.
Text of the Disk: (5) Behdeti,great god.
Speech of Pakhet: (6) Utterance by Pakhet the great, Mistress of (7) Sro: 0 my
beloved daughter, Mistress of the Two Lands, Mistress of the Ritual, (8) Makerer.
I give thee all strength,(9) all might, all lands (io) and every hill country crushed(htb)a
(ii) beneaththy sandals (I2) like Rer.
Behind Pakhet:b (I3) The King of Upperand LowerEgypt; the Horus who causesthe
Two Lands to live; who seizes the Beautiful Crown (nfrt);CLord of the Two Lands,
Menmarrec;Son of Rer, Seti-meren[ptah],belovedof Pakhet, Mistressof Sro.
2. Pakhetgives .Hatshepsuttwo uraeus-sceptresd (fig. i, 6; pl. IV).
On the left Pakhet, lion-headed with disk, horns, and 1 feathers, extends a papyrus
sceptre and mnit in each hand towards the Queen, who stands on the right. Each
sceptre is crowned by a uraeus whose tail twines round the stem of the sceptre, the
uraeus in the left hand wearing the White Crown, and that in the right hand the Red
Crown. Above the Queen is the sun-disk with pendant uraei, that on the left of the
beholder crowned with the Red Crown, and that on the right crowned with the White
Crown.
Cartouches: (i) The good god Makerer,(2) Daughter of Rec, Hnmt-'Imn-h3t-?pswt
(3) granted life like Rerfor ever.
Below the Disk: (4) Behdeti,great god with dappledplumage.
To the right of the Disk: (5) Edjo who cameforth from the horizon.
Over Pakhet: (6) Utteranceby Pakhet the great, (7) Mistress of Sro: I give thee the
twouraei(8) uponthy brow,theyappear(9) between(io) thine eyebrows. Themnit is with
thee, protectingthee, thou having appearedupon the throneof Horus.
In front of Pakhet: (ii) I give thee all valour, all might, (I2) all provisions,and all
offerings(i3) like Recfor ever.
3. .Hatshepsut beforeThothe(fig. i, 7; pl. IV).
Title: (i) Smellingofferingslike Rer.
Above the Queen: (2) Thegoodgod, Mistressof the TwoLands,Makerer,(3) Daughter
of Rer, lHnmt-'Imn-h3t-?pswt,(4) granted life like Recfor ever.
Behind the Queen:f (io) The King, Lord of the Two Lands, Menmarrer,beloved of
Pakhet the great, Mistress of Sro, will make (this) as his monumentfor his mother.
(5) All protectionand life are about him like Rer.
Above Thoth: (6) Utteranceby Thoth, Lord of Eshminen, (7) great god, masterof the
divine words:90 my beloveddaughter, (8) Mistressof the Two Lands, Makerer,I give
a For htb see below, p. 27, n. 5 of the Commentary on Text 17, 4.
b Like the corresponding line in Text 4, this line does not seem to have formed part of the original inscrip-
tion; see p. i6, n. c. c Or alternatively, perhaps, nfr-hdt (Wb. II, 262).
d Champollion, Not. Descr. II, 331; Urk. iv, 287, 5-9 (11. 6-iO only); relief without texts Champollion,
Mon., pl. 385, I.
e Champollion, Not. Descr. II, 332; Leps., Denkm. iii, I38, i; op. cit., Text, II, iIo.
f This line probably did not form part of the original text of Hatshepsut, cf. p. i6, n. c; above, n. b.
g The scribe repeated ' instead of writing .
 HATSHEPSUT AND SETHOS I INSIDE SPEOS ARTEMIDOS i9
(thee)a (9) all life and prosperityto thy nose, thou beloved of Rer. I give thee Eternity
free from evil and Everlastingcomposedof peacefulyears.b
C. The Door to the Sanctuary
i. Left Jambc(fig. i, i5; pl. V).
The Queen faces right in an attitude of adoration. Over the cartouchesis the vulture
Nekhbet with outspread wings.
Before the Queen: (i) [Everyonewho shall enter the temple,shall be very pure]dfor
ever and ever.
Above the Queen: (2) King of Upperand LowerEgypt, Makerer,(3) [Daughterof Rec],
Hnmt-'Imn-h3t-?pswt, (4) granted life like Rer.
Behind the Queen: (5) Mighty king contentedwith Truth, who causesthe gods to rest
in theirplaces. (6) All protectionand life are roundabout her like Rec.
Text of Nekhbet: (7) Nekhbet, the White One of Nekhen, Lady of Heaven.
Text of Pakhet: (8) Pakhet the great, Mistressof Sro, who gives all life.
Horizontal line below the relief:e (9) The great portal 'Menmarrer,who pacifies the
lords of Sro'.
2. Right Jambc(fig. i, I6; pl. V).
The scene is similar to that on the left jamb except that here it is Edjo who hovers
over the cartouches.
Before the Queen: (i) Everyonewho shall enter the templeshall be very [pure]for ever
and ever.
Above the Queen: (2) King of Upper and LowerEgypt, Makerer,(3) Daughter of Rer,
Hnmt-'Imn-h;t-?pswt, (4) granted life (5) like ROrfor ever and ever.
Behind the Queen: (6) All protectionand life are round about her.
Text of Edjo: (7) Edjo, Lady of Heaven.
Text of Pakhet: (8) Pakhet the great, Mistressof Sro, who gives all life.
Horizontal line below the relief:e (9) [The great portal] 'Menmarrer[whopacifies] the
lords of Sro'.
3. The Lintelf (fig. I, 14; pl. V).
(a) Right-handsection.On the left the lion-headedPakhetsits on a throne. On the
right the Queen, wearing the White Crown and carrying a i-vase, runs towards her.
Title: (i) Runningfast and offeringlibationsthat theremay be madefor her (2) a given-
life like Rerfor ever and ever.
Before the Queen: (3) King of Upperand LowerEgypt, Makerer,(4) Daughter of Rer,
Hnmt-'Imn-h3t-?pswt, (5) granted life like Rer every day.
a Suffix 2nd pers. sing. fem. omitted.
b For a somewhat similar phrase cf. Griffith, Kahun, pl. 38, 8-9 = Sandman, Texts from the Time of
Akhenaten (Bibl. Aegypt. viii), 147, 17.
c Champollion, Not. Descr. II, 333. d Restored from the right jamb (Text i6).
e This line added by Sethos I; the signs are incised, not in relief.
f Ibid., 326, 327; Leps., Denkm., Text, ii, 109; Kees, Nachlese zum Opfertanz des Agyptischen Konigs in
ZAS LII, 66.
20 H. W. FAIRMAN AND BERNHARD GRDSELOFF
Behind the Queen: (6) Protectionand life.
Over Pakhet: (8) Utteranceby Pakhet thegreat, (9) Mistressof Sro: I give thee all the
valour (zo) and all the might (ii) of Rera (?) (12) every day like Rcr.
Behind Pakhet: (13) Utterance:Igive thee every land underthy ordersfor ever on the
throneof Horusfor ever.
(b) Left-hand section. On the right the lion-headed Pakhet sits on a throne. On the
left the Queen, wearing the Red Crown and carryingthe hpt and oar, runs towards her.
Title: (i) Runningfastand offeringlibationsb(2) that theremay bemadefor her a given-
life like Rer every day.
Above the Queen: (3) King of Upperand LowerEgypt, Makerer,(4) Daughterof Rr,
Hnmt-'Imn-h3t-?pswt, (5) granted life like Rec.
Over Pakhet: (6) Utteranceby Pakhet (7) the great, Mistress of Sro: (8) I give thee
all life and prosperity.
Behind Pakhet: (9) Utterance:I give thee all valour, all might, all health, and all joy
like Recfor ever.
III. Texts of the Pillars in the Portico (fig. i, 8-I3; pl. VI)
i. EasternmostPillar
(a) East Face (fig. i, 8).
Horus, Strong Bull who causes the Two Lands to Live; King of Upper and Lower
Egypt, Menmacrrc;Son of Recr,Seti-merenptah;belovedof Pakhet, Mistressof Sro.
(b) West Face (fig. i, 9).
Horus, Strong Bull who causes the Two Lands to live; King of Upper and Lower
Egypt,Menmarrgr;Son of Rer,Seti-merenptah;belovedof Pakhetwhoresidesin the Valley.
2. First Pillar to the east of the Entrance
(a) East Face (fig. i, iO).
Horus, Strong Bull who appearsin Thebes;King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Men-
kheperrer;belovedof Pakhet the great, Mistressof the Two Lands.
(b) West Face (fig. i, i ).
Horus, Strong Bull who causesthe Two Lands to live; King of Upperand LowerEgypt,
Menmarer; Son of Rr Seti-merenaof beloved [Pakh]et, Mistressof Sro.
3. First Pillar to the west of the Entrance
(a) East Face (fig. i, I2).
Horus, Strong Bull who causesthe Two Lands to live; King of Upperand LowerEgypt,
Menmarrer;Son of Rec, Seti-mer[en]ptah;belovedof Pakhet, Mistressof Sro.
(b) West Face (fig. I, 13).
Horus, Strong Bull who appearsin Thebes;the Good God, Menkheperrec;belovedof
Pakhet, Lady of Heaven.
a We presume that in passing from one line to the other and confused by
?~ the scribe omitted 01.
b Cf. the remarks of Kees in ZAS LII, 65-6.
 HATSHEPSUT AND SETHOS I INSIDE SPEOS ARTEMIDOS 21

IV. Inscriptions of Sethos I

i. Dedication Texts on the South Wall of the Portico
(a) East Section (fig. i, 4-3; pl. III).
Long live the Horus, Strong Bull who causes [the Two Lands] to live; Two Mistresses,
of very great strength, who repels the Nine Bows; Horus of Gold, rich in archers in all
lands; King of Upper and Lower Egypt, descendant of the god[s], image of Rer, son of
Amun, Lord of the Two Lands, Menmairrer; Son of Rer, who pacifies the gods, Seti-
merenptah: he has made (this) as his monument to his mother Pakhet the great, Mistress
of Sro, in her temple of the inaccessible Valley which she hewed out herself 2 like Rer.
(b) West Section (fig. 1, 5-7; pl. IV).
Long live the Horus, [Strong] Bull who causes the Two Lands to live; Two Mistresses,
of very great strength, who repels the Nine Bows; Horus of Gold, rich in archers in all
lands; King of Upper and Lower Egypt, who seizes the Upper Egyptian Crown (nfr-hdt),
Lord of the Two Lands, Menmairrr; Son of Rer, who pacifies the gods, Seti-merenptah:
he has made (this) as his monument to his mother Pakhet the great, Mistress of Sro, in her
temple of the inaccessible Valley which she hewed out herself2 like Rer for ever and ever.

COMMENTARY
i. Note the form of M;rt.
2. In spite of the grouping in pl. IV we consider that M must be regarded as the deter-
minative of the expression mnt?tt. For sd cf. P xiJ,Q Ji .I 'who
cleaves the mountains and opens the valleys' ;Pa~ 1Px~~~~l~ ei z
" 'who
. cleave the mountain in order to let the Nile come'.b See also Rec. trav.
XXXVII,
84.
2. The Great Dedication Text of Sethos Ic (fig. i, I7; pl. VII)
DATE
(I) Year I: the beginning of eternity,' the commencementof perpetuity,I the celebration
of millions of jubilees and of hundreds of thousandsdof peaceful years, the duration of Rer
[in heaven and the king]ship [of Atum on earth].e
TITULARYOF SETHOS12
(2) Horus, Strong Bull who causes the Two Lands to live; Two Mistresses, of very great
strength, who repels the Nine Bows; Horus of Gold, rich in archers in all lands; King of
a Naville, Le Papyrus hie'ratiquede Katseshni au lIusee du Caire, pl. I, 22; for varr. see Naville, Todt.
I, pl. 20; see also Urk. iv, 85, Ii.
b Pap. Leyden 345, Vs. F 2, I; cf. Posener, La premiere dominationperse, Io6.
c de Rouge, Inscr. hier. 149-52; wrongly ascribed by de Rouge to the exterior.
d This writing of hfnw with the stroke occurs in another inscription of Sethos I at Karnak (Wreszinski,
Atlas, II, 53).
e The lacuna is too long to permit a restoration similar to the phrase in line 4. We cannot quote any literal
N.K. parallel for the suggested restoration, which is a common cliche in later texts, but a somewhat similar
phrase from Luxor is quoted by the TVirterbuch(Belegstellen, p. 487, to WVb.I, 333, I7); see also Urk. iv,
282, 9; Inscriptions in the Hieratic and Demotic Character, pl. i, no. 5620, I I-12; Inscr. dddic. 27; Mariette,
Abydos, App. B, pl. 30. For the writing of nsyt cf. Marriage Stela of Ramesses II, i6 -= Ann. Serv. xxv, 200,
and El Knais, Inscr. A, 7 = Bull. inst. fr. xvII, pl. 6, 7.
22 H. W. FAIRMAN AND BERNHARD GRDSELOFF
Upperand LowerEgypt, Lord of the Two Lands, MenmaCrer; Son of Rer, Seti-merenptah,
granted life for ever and ever, [belovedof] Amen-Rer,King of the Gods ..... [appearing
on the throneof Horus of the]a(3) living like hisfather Rcr every day.
INTRODUCTION
Now His Majesty was at3 the quarterof Hwt-k3-Pth doing the pleasure of his father
Amen-Rec,Lord of the Thronesof the Two Lands, pre-eminentin Karnak ('Ipt-swt), of
Atum, Lord of the Two Lands of Heliopolis,of Rer-Harakhti,of Ptah thegreat, [Who-is-
south-of-his-wall,Lord of CAnkhtowe],b(4) of Pakhet the great, Mistressof Sro, Lady of
Heaven, the Sorceress,and of all thegods and goddessesof Timurisinasmuchas4 theygive
him the durationof Rer and the kingshipof Atum, every lowland and every hill-country
beingover[thrownunderhis sandalsfor ever].5
PRAISEOF THE KING
(5) The Good God,
son of Bastet, foster-child of Sakhmet, Lady of Heaven;
egg of Rcr, bornof Pakhet;
rearedby the Sorceress,divine seed who cameforth from Atum;
broughtup by Edjo, ...... 6
..... (6) properly.7
Vigilant and beneficentking,
eldest son of the entire Ennead,
who built the templesand enlargedthe shrinescwhichhad become[cover]edwith [earth],8
[who] ..... (7) the temples,
who causedthe sacredimagesto rest in their shrines,d
who suppliedthe great altar (with) the daily offerings,9
........ the divine offerings......
[whoraisedfor] (8) themmonumentsin conformitywith the canon,emorenumerousthan
had existed aforetime,I?
their numerousvesselsbeingof gold, silver [and copper],
[their mn]itg [beingof gold and silver];
a For the proposed restoration see Nauri 2 J=JEA xiii, pl. 40; cf. also Tutcankhamfin Stela, Cairo 34I83,
2 = Lacau, Steles du Nouvel Empire (CCG), I, 226; Kuban 2 = Tresson, La Stele de Kouban, p. 3 and pl. I.
b The same passage, with inversion of the order of Atum and Harakhti and the substitution of Isis for
Pakhet, occurs in Nauri 2. For Pth rsi-inb-f nb cnh-t.wy see also Pap. Harris I, 5 I a, 2. 7, etc. = Erichsen,
Bibl. Aegypt. v, 57, 4. i, etc.
c Cf. Urk. IV, 279, 10-11. Hwt and iwnn occur not infrequently in parallel, e.g. Cairo 34183, 7 = Lacau,
op. cit. I, 227.
d The archaizing spelling rcmwis unusual at this period but occurs again Bull. inst. fr. XVII,pl. 7, 9. For
the phrase in general cf. Nauri 7 = EA xiii, pl. 40; Pap. Harris I, 4, Io = Bibl. Aegypt. v, 5, 7. The placing
of the sacred images in their shrines is, of course, the natural sequel to the construction of the temple, e.g.
Kuentz, Deux Steles d'AmenophisII, I2.
e m nhb: Wb. II, 307, I7 'nach Vorschrift'. Cf. 'the temple f.n-.i m nhb which I have ordered in conformity
with the canon' (Urk. xv, 835, 9).
f The wdhwt can also be 'offering-tables' and are normally made of gold, silver, or copper; cf. Vikentiev,
La Haute Crue du Nil, p. I9; Urk. iv, 817, II.
g The det.
I of mnit is unusual, but this text has a preference for ) instead of ), e.g. q))' line 8,
c'."-'I line x7. For the materials from which the mnit are made cf. Urk. IV, 22, II-I2.
 HATSHEPSUT AND SETHOS I INSIDE SPEOS ARTEMIDOS 23
[theirgranariesarefill] (9) -ed I withgrain,
their treasuriescontaini2riches,
slaves are multipliedain the temples,
and serfs .......
fields and gardens ...... at [their]properplaces, 3
....... (io) . . . providedbwith men who put the stonesin place (?)c
The templesare superblyappointed,14
withoutit (ever) beingsaid 'If only I had' thereat,d
on behalf of the life, prosperity,and healtheof the King of Upper and LowerEgypt,
Menmar[rtr],Son of Rgc, Seti-merenptah,granted life for ever and ever.
I5

[whom](ii) his mother[rewarded]fwith jubileesand peacefulyears.

She has assumedher placegbetweenhis eyebrows,
her positionhbeingthere(for) the durationof the sky.
Whenshe extendsher arm,i
for him theforeign lands,
she subjugatesj
and captures16for him the heartsof the Nine Bows.
He smitesthe Troglodytes,
=
,,, cf. Nauri 20 JEA XiII, pl. 40. For tst cf. Nauri 20. 26.
a For the spelling
b The primary meaning of nhb is 'harness, yoke' (Urk. iv, 809, 7; Harris 500, vs. 4, 13; Pap. Chester
Beatty I, vs. G i, 3). Blackman, however, has pointed out (JEA XIX,202) that this verb has an extended use
'to appoint' and quotes further exx. See also the note and further exx. quoted by Clere in Miscellanea Gre-
goriana, 463. Por the precise nuance contained in the present example see Urk. iv, 28, 7; 172, 4. Just as
horses are harnessed to a chariot, slaves are nhb to a task.
c a is presumably an error for ~ . Cf. for the phrase Inscr. dedic. 54. In the lacuna at the end of line 9
there must have been a reference to one or more temples erected by Sethos I.
d For this common cliche see JEA xi, 295, n. 9; Gunn, Syntax, p. 158, no. 15I; Ptahhotep o05-6 L"I;
107-8; Prisse 6, 7; Urk. iv, 6 , ; 50o6, 8; El Knais, Inscr. C, II = Bull. inst.fr. xvii, pl. 7, I ; Cairo 34504,
12 =Ann. Serv. xxxviii, 219; Petrie, Tarkhan I and Memphis V, pl. 79, 9-10; Pap. Harris I, 27, 3; Viken-
tiev, La Haute Crue du Nil, p. 22. The general sense of the passage is clearly that the temples are so well
equipped that no one feels that anything is lacking.
e Gardiner, Eg. Gramm., ? 178; Lefebvre, Gramm., ? 529. For M.K. exx. see Couyat-Montet, Hammadmt,
47, 5; Cairo 20543, 14 = Lange-Schaifer, Grab- und Denksteine (CCG), II, I66.
f For the suggested restoration cf. 1. _ . C[ 'may he reward thee with jubilees' (Davies, El
Amara, vi, pI. 25, I8 Bibl. Aegypt. VIII, 92, 12). Cf. also Urk. iv, 863, 9
g htp st is a not-uncommon cliche, e.g. Sphinx Stela of Amenophis II, 26 = Ann. Serv. xxxvil, fasc. 2,
pI. 2; Urk. IV, 199, I4; 766, I7; Davies, The Tombof Rekh-mi-Rec, I, pl. 6o; Ann. Serv. xiv, I8; Pap. Bremner-
Rhind, 4, 12. Note that in this expression there is never a preposition between htp and st (a point overlooked
by Faulkner in Bibl. Aegypt. iii, 8, n. (a)). Pakhet is identified here with the uraeus, cf. pl. III, No. 4, i2;
Urk. IV, 288, 2. See also JEA vi, 60. ~
h For hrt 'post, position' cf. 'Now execute for me the obligation (sdb) there "0 , as a man
at his post' (Cairo 46540 = Newberry, Funerary Statuettes (CCG), I, 7); cf. also Urk. iv, I8I, 2.
i .kr-r: normally refers to a ritual act, the 'bending up of the arm' by a king or priest towards a god, cf.
Wb. v, i8; Polotsky in JEA xvI, 198 (22); Blackman, Worship(Egyptian), i, 5 (3), in Hastings, Encycl. Rel. Eth.
xII, 779; Urk. IV, 28, 17; 491, i6. Such an interpretation is not possible in the present instance where we are
clearly concerned with a gesture of protection, blessing, or strengthening on the part of the goddess and
directed towards the King. This usage is very rare and the only other example known to us occurs in Piankoff,
Le Livre des Quererts, pI. 3 , I-2 (also printed with same plate numbering in Bull. inst. fr. XLII).
B
i The scribe has placed the suffix before the det. of hnb in order to form a square group with b.
24 H. W. FAIRMAN AND BERNHARD GRDSELOFF
he overthrows5the Libyans,
and sets [hisfrontier wherehe will].I7
15

(I2) hero, stout-heartedon the battlefield,a

the claw (?) of the lion'8 that kills instantaneouslyin the presenceof all men;
(the like) has not beenseen in the recordsof the ancestors,19
the story has not been[repeat]ed (from) mouth to mouth,20
[except]with referenceto His Majesty him[self].b
............ [in the twink] (I3) -ling of an eye,c
the King of Upperand Lower Egypt, Menmarrer,
Son of Rer, Seti-merenptah,belovedof Pakhet, Mistressof Sro.

RESTORATIONOF THE SPEOS

Now His Majesty soughtwhat was beneficialto his motherPakhet, Mistressof Sro, in
renewing. .... [of the gods, the lords of Sro] (i4) so that they mightfind refreshment
within her temple.dHis Majesty renewedher temple,fastening the doors thereinelike the
Great Seat, for the lordsof Sro.

PAKHET SPEAKS TO THOTHf

Pakhet, [Mistressof Sro], said [to Thoth,Master of the divinewords,f'Come,see this]g
(I5) verygreat and abiding[monument]whichmy belovedson, the Lord of the Two Lands,
Menmarrcr,has madefor me, accordingas thou didst orderin timeprimeval, when thou
didst say with thine own mouth, 'My son shall ascendthe throne,abidingupon the seatfor
ever, (even) the Son of Rer, Seti-merenptah. He shall make monumentsfor the gods
[accordingas the King of Eternity has order]ed[him].h (I6) He shall erect a monument
to Pakhet and will fashion (the statuesof) thegods, the lordsof Sro.' May he do as thou
hast commanded,0 King of Eternity.
Give him all life, stability, and prosperityandjoy (that come)from thee.i
sic
a For the spelling _Cfa for pri 'arena, battlefield', cf. a{zl (de Rouge, Inscr. hier. xo8).
b Cf. Sphinx Stela of Amenophis II, 17-I8 = Ann. Serv. xxxvii, fasc. 2, pl. 2.
c For other exx. of this expression see Mond-Myers, Templesof Armant, pl. 103, 6; Barkal Stela of Tuth-
mosis III, 6 = ZAS LXIX, 27; PSBA xi, 424; Two Brothers i8, 5 = Gardiner, L. E. Stories, 28, 7; Lam-
meyer, Das Siegesdenkmaldes K6nigs Scheschonk I. zu Karnak, p. 29.
d -, of course, refers to Pakhet. For kbb cf. Westcar 5, 3-4; 6, i-2; Pap. Chester Beatty VII, vs. 5, 7.
e Smn means not only 'fix, establish' but also
'fasten', cf. JEA IV, 134. In the present context smn r; means
not so much that the doors have been placed in position, but that they have been fastened or closed and the temple
is complete and secure. See further Moret, Le Rituel du culte divin, 103, n. 2; Lefebvre, Rom6-Roy,p. 33 (Inscr.
i6, io); Inscr. dedic. 24.
f That it is Thoth to whom the following words are addressed is evident from line i8 where Thoth makes
reply.
g For the proposed restoration cf. the very close parallel Urk. iv, 862, 5.
h Note that in this text (11. 15 and I6) the signs Q ? occupy the width of the column; cf. Berlin 22663
Schiifer, Ein Relief aus der Zeit Tutanchamunsin Ber. Preuss. Kunstsammlungen,XLIX, 34-40. For a close parallel
with this sentence cf. Inscr. dedic. 67-8.
i Emend for . For the construction, which is common (e.g. Petrie, Six Temples, pl. -= Gunn,
c
Syntax, 70; Urk. iv, 233; 250, 5), cf. Lefebvre, Gramnm., ? 494, 5 a.
 HATSHEPSUT AND SETHOS I INSIDE SPEOS ARTEMIDOS 25

Give him Eternity like Thy Majesty and (that) Everlasting(Life) (in which) thou art.a
Give him victory upon victory like Min2 .........
[Give him] (I7) great ....... , that they may serve him united in a singlepurpose.22
Give him numerousand very healthy herds23and herbageas abundantas grasshoppers.24
Give him high Niles, beautifulwith all things.b
Give him the lands in peace ...... c.(i8) his heart everywherehe wishes.
Grant that all the gods may extend theirprotectionroundabout him with life, stability,
andprosperityaccordingto theprayerdof thygreat daughter,withoutomitting(anything)
that I have said.'e
THOTH'SREPLY
Utterance by Thoth, [Master of the Divine Word]s: 'How good are thy words, 0
Pakhet [Mistress of Sro. I will establish my son],f (i9) the Lord of the Two Lands,
Menmarrer,Son of Rer, whopacifies the gods, Lord of Diadems, Seti-merenptah,as King
of Eternity in making monumentsfor his motherPakhet [the great, Mistressof Sro],gfor
ever and ever. He shall be [at the head of all the livingfor ever].25
COMMENTARY
i. The expression ht nhh ssp dt has been studied by Sethehwho quoted a very close
parallel in the first line of the Nauri Decree:1i [tl 0-,I?I,{ {A, {?a.'o
'Year 4, first month of winter, day i, the beginning of eternity, the commencement of
happiness and hundreds of thousands of peaceful years.' Polotsky has drawn our
attention to a third example in line i2 of the inscription of Merenptah at Hermopolis :
' A like thy
'Thou abiding and appearing as ruler of all lands 0 =s lI amj
father Atum of the beginning of eternity and the commencement of perpetuity.'
Griffith (JEA XIII, I96) has well expressed the idea that lies behind this expression
in his comment: 'Between the date and the name and full titles of the King are a number
of phrases expressing the idea (or pious wish) that here was the beginning of an eternity
of the King's beneficent reign.'
Sethe, in his discussion of this phrase, pointed out that sp 'receive' also bears the
meaning 'beginning, commencement', particularlyin Late Egyptian. Cf. Wb. Iv, 533,
and Lefebvre, Inscriptionsconcernantlesgrandspretresd'AmonRome-Royet Amenhotep,
48, ,_ =.,r_oj
_ 'may he be glad with his Ka and commence eternity . ..'.
sic

For gspdt compare three very similar expressions:

(a) ssp Zvw'grow old': ssp.i i;w hr sms-f'I grew old in his service' (Lefebvre, op. cit.,
pp 9. I ).
a Reading dt wnn.k (im imi n.f, etc.: cf. Urk. iv, I64, I5.
b Cf. Pap. Harris I, 23, 4-5 = Bibl. Aegypt. v, 27, 9-IO; Urk. vii, I6, I4.
c Read perhaps [r sms] ib.f m bw nb mr'n'f.
d m sprt n: cf. Urk. iv, 1192, 15.
e wsf: cf. ibid., 353, 8; 511, 7; Pap. Chester Beatty III, vs. 4, 8.
f For the proposed restoration see de Rouge, Inscr. hier. 138.
g Restore as in line 4: the lacuna is too large for the more usual Pbht [nbt Srt].
h ZAS LXVI, 2.
i Nauri I= JEA xiII, pl. 40. i Ann. Serv. VIII, 217.
C
26 H. W. FAIRMAN AND BERNHARD GRDSELOFF
(b) ssp khkh 'attain old age': iw-k di(t) im4hf r sspw khkh 'thou wilt suffer him to be
in honour until the attaining of old age' (Sheshonk Stela, i JEA xxvii, pl. 10
and p. 86, n. 8); iw'k r ssp khkh mn-ti hri-tp t; 'thou shalt attain old age, abiding
upon earth' (Sheshonk Stela, 6 = JEA xxvii, pl. io).
(c) ssp w;t 'start a journey', Urk. iv, 979, i0; Leps., Denkm. III, 255 (i). Cf. ssp.n.f
tp-wt nfrt r msc 'after he had started to march with a favourable omen' (Selim
Hasan, Le Poeme dit de Pentaour, pl. I2).
2. The first three elements of the titulary of Sethos I are given here in abbreviated
form, the scribe having reduced the component elements from three epithets to two,
or from two to one. The present version of the titulary (see also pls. III and IV) is
identical, except for minor differences in spelling, with that recorded on the alabaster
stela of Sethos I in Cairo (Cairo 34501 = Bibl. Aegypt. iv, I).
The usual forms of these names are:
'
(a) Horus Name: R (Lefebure, Le Tombeaude Seti ley, 3e partie, pl. II,
I78).
(b) Two Mistresses: I , i = ,l (Lef6bure, loc. cit.). The i of our text
=
(see also pls. III and IV) is rare in texts of Sethos I, but cf. (Wreszinski,
Atlas, II, 45) in the Karnak reliefs of Sethos I, immediately after the titulary. It
is also worthy of note that in inscriptions of Sethos I bhp and phty occur in
: '
parallel, e.g. - ,_(Wreszinski, Atlas, II, 41).
(c) Horus of Gold: ] 1, (El Knais, Inscr. A, I = Bull. inst. fr. xvII,
pl. 6, i).
3. The parallelNauri 2 (= JEA xiii, pl. 40) gives m dmin Hwt-k;-Pth: there appears
to be no real difference in meaning between m and r in this context. It may be of
significance, however, that in similar expressions which we have collected there is a
tendency for r to be used with dmi. Thus, in contrast with m dmz n .Hwt-k;-Pth
(Nauri 2), m .Hwt-k;-Pth(Kuban 7) and m Niwt rst (Leps. Denkm., Text, iv, 98), we
have r dmi n Hwt-k;-Pth, the example under discussion, m Niwt rst r dmz n 7pt-swt
(de Morgan, Cat. des Mon. 66: stela of Tuthmosis IV at Konosso), and r dmin Niwt rst
(Ann. Serv. III, 113). The Konosso text may hint, perhaps, that m gives the general,
and r the particularindication of location, i.e. 'Now His Majesty was in the Southern
City, (more precisely) in the quarter of Karnak', and Ann. Serv. III, II3 may mean:
'Now His Majesty was in (one of) the quarter(s)of the Southern City.' Thus r dmi n
.Hwt-k;-Pthmay be an elliptical phrase conveying the general sense that the King was
in that part of the city of Memphis called .Hwt-k-Pth. The forms m dmin .Hwt-k;-Pth
and m .Hwt-kh-Pthare not necessarily to be considered as actually wrong; they are,
however, less precise and perhaps less idiomatic. Note that the examples quoted
indicate that in this particularcontext dmzis not so much 'city' as 'quarterof a city';
cf. Rec. trav. xxvi, 85.
4. For mi+sdm.f in comparisons with causal nuance cf. Lefebvre, Gramm., ? 732
and p. 36i, n. 2, where it is pointed out that mzoften has this meaning in Dyn. XIX and
examples from the reign of Sethos I are quoted. A very close parallel with our
passage occurs in Cairo 34501, 12-13 (= Bibl. Aegypt. iv, 2, 3) 'His Majesty did this
 HATSHEPSUT AND SETHOS I INSIDE SPEOS ARTEMIDOS 27
with a loving heart in the house of his father Amuiinmi rdi.n.f nf rhrwn Rr nsyt nt
Tm inasmuch as he (Amuiin)has given him the duration of Re( and the kingship of
Atum'; see also Nauri 2-3 = EA Xiii, pl. 40; Kuban 7-8 = Tresson, La Stele de
Kouban, p. 4.
5. For the restorationsee pl. III, No. 5, 10; for the determinative of htb see line I
below. Htb 'overthrow' (Wb. III, 402) is to be distinguished from hdb 'slay' (Wb. II,
403), even though Egyptianwritings sometimes confuse the words as in J ~ (Nauri
3 - JEA xiii, pl. 40). Htb is usually employed with reference to the overthrow of the
foreign lands 'under the sandals' of Pharaoh (pl. III, No. 5, II; Nauri 3; Wreszinski,
Atlas, II, 53; Urk. i, 27I, i6), or 'under his feet' (Marriage Stela of Ramesses II =
Ann. Serv. xxv, 207), or 'at his name', ~,IJ C (Colossus of Ramesses II, Luxor).
Cf. also htb.f Thnw 'he overthrows the Libyans' (pl. VII, I i); htb sn dsrwt T;-sti 'they
overthrowthe deserts and Nubia' (El Knais, Inscr. B, O - Bull. inst.fr. xvii, pl. 7, IO);
'thou raisest up the generations (4dmw)of Timuris, htb.k swt m nb ddw nsyt but thou
overthrowest (the other peoples) as the lord of enduring kingship' (ZAS XLIV, 32).
Htb survives in Ptolemaic, e.g. Chassinat, Le Templed'Edfou, I, 145, 2; vi, I96, 2.
6. The eighth of these epithets, grouped in pairs in a manner common to the royal
inscriptions of the period, is difficult to complete. One would expect v as in
TV^ ~ } 'I 'foster child of Edjo, nursed by Ssmtt' (Cairo 34509,3
O---- Naville,
Bubastis, pl. 38 B), but the Wdrterbuchdoes not record a spelling ^ 'v. Perhaps the
incompleteword was G P, cf. E/ _>q q t(MarriageStela of RamessesII
-Ann. Serv. xxv, I97).
If de Rouge's , , be correct (all traces have now disappeared)there may have been
a fifth pair of epithets, but it is difficult to see how two more epithets and the beginning
of a new sentence could be fitted in the available space.
7. m-sw: according to Wb. Iv, 404, I6-I7 'be worthy of' with genitive, hence the
present passage might be translated 'worthy of a vigilant and beneficent king'. Gram-
matically there is no objection to this rendering, but here it is impossible since the
words 'vigilant and beneficent king' appear to introduce a new stanza (cf. below,
p. 30, n. 15). M-4sw, therefore, must be an adverb at the end of a short phrase which
began in the lacuna at the end of line 5; cf. r grg Kmt m-';w 'in order to organize Egypt
in fitting manner' (Marriage Stela of Ramesses II = Ann. Serv. xxv, 197); in hm.f ir
m-sawm mryt 'It was His Majesty who made it in fitting manner and with love' (Petrie,
TarkhanI and MemphisV, pl. 80, 20).
8. Slight but recognizable traces of -1 remain. For the restoration cf. 'Lo His
Majesty found it <I-J' p-7- i covered with earth' (Ann. Serv. xxIII, I82). See
also Inscr. dedic. 30 (restoring [jJU}]-); Urk. iv, 834, I5; JEA xxxii, pl. 6, I5-i6.
9. Our translation assumes that the scribe omitted m before htpw. For sdf; 'pro-
vision, provide with offerings' cf. Pap. Harris I, 27, I = Bibl. Aegypt. v, 3I, 5; Inscr.
dedic. 24; Berlin Leather Roll P. 3029, i, i6; Urk. iv, I63, 7; I73, 2.

'Imnyt'daily portion' has been studied by Grapow in Sitzb. Berlin, XXVII(I915), 376;
additional exx., Urk. iv, I88, io; 745, i6; 769, 12; Petrie, TarkhanI and Memphis V,
pl. 79, 38.
28 H. W. FAIRMAN AND BERNHARD GRDSELOFF
io. For the spelling of tni (tnt) cf. line I7 and p. 22, n. g.
For m-tnt-r cf. Wb. v, 376, i 'im Unterschied von, mehr als (belegt seit Dyn. i8)'.
Both Gardiner,Eg. Gramm.,?I8o, and Lefebvre, Gramm.,pp. 250 ff., have omitted this
from their lists of compound prepositions. M-tnt-r is clearly the antithesis of the
similarly constructed m-snt-r 'in the likeness of, in accordance with' (Gardiner, Eg.
Gramm.,p. 136). On the analogy of m-snt-r,tnt must be the infinitive of tni 'distin-
guish'. The construction tni r 'more than' is well known (Wb. v, 375, i) and m-tnt-r
has been formed by prefixingm to the constructionin the infinitive,lit. 'in being different
from'. Since tnl contains a nuance of superiority over all else, m-tnt-r corresponds to
our 'more than'.
The earliest example of this compound preposition appears to occur on the Lateran
Obelisk of Tuthmosis III (Urk. iv, 584,I7-585, i) where we read: 'I have made his
monument greater thanwhat the ancestors of former days had made, more than what
had (previously) existed (srdcneimnwf r ir-tpndrtyw iamyw-ht m-tnt-r p(y)t bpr),aI
have not made anything like (it), (nay), I have exceeded all that has (ever) been done
in the house of my father Amiin'.
Two further examples occur inthe reign ofAmenophis
reignof the II.
Amenophis The first
Io. The firstof
of these is to
be found on one of the columns
columnsof the Temple of Amin at Karnakb
aig
'I have erected for him monuments more beautiful than those which had
(previously) exis have
ated augmened that which existed aforetime, I have exceeded
what (my) ancestors have done'. This example is of particular interest because the
compound preposition has been split by the insertion of the words o which f indicate
in what way the monuments were distinguished, lit. 'I have erected monuments for
him and it is by their beauty that they are distinguished from those which had previ-
ously existed'. The preposition m-tnt-r, therefore, is not a rigid compound but may
be cut after the infinitive.
The second example of Amenophis II is found in the historical inscription of that
king discovered a few years ago at Memphis:c -}I ,,'$ P ' 0 'He has
created him (endowed) with greater success and glory than has ever existed'."
ii. Restore [iL P f see Urk. iv, 413, 8; ii6i, 9 = Davies, The Tomb
of Rekh-mi-Rer,II, pl. 40, 2,11. 5-6, for a similar phrase and compare Urk. Iv, 60, 15.
According to Wb. III, 249, writings of hwd with i as determinative, which are very
common in the Late Period,e first occur in Dyns. XIX-XX. A good Dyn. XVIII
example, however, is _ (Pap. Moscow 4658, 44-5, var. Pap. Pet. ii i6 A, rt. 45
e ). The use of n is due to confusion between the hieratic forms of n (Moller,
-
Hierat. Pal. I, No. 393) and (Moller, op. cit. I, No. 478) which in M.K. hieratic
a For p9(y)t hpr cf. Gardiner, Eg. Gramm., ? 484.
b Borchardt, Zur Baugeschichte des Amonstempels von Karnak, 44-5.
c Cairo 86763, 2 = Ann. Serv. XLII, 4.
d Further exx. Stela, Cairo 34183, 28 = Lacau, Steles du Nouvel Empire (CCG), i, 229;
Tutankhamun
Coronation Stela of Haremhab (Turin), 22-3 = TSBA iII (1874), pI. facing p. 486, quoted below p. 29,
No. 14. The same preposition seems to occur in the form Km) Ol in Lefebvre, Le Tombeaude Petosiris,
11, Texte 82 a, 6, 1112-13.
e Chassinat, Le Temple d'Edfou, iiin, 98, 12; V, 97, 9; 231, 4; 390, IO; VI, 92, 3, 8; VIII, 115, 3.
 HATSHEPSUT AND SETHOS I INSIDE SPEOS ARTEMIDOS 29
frequently replace , cf. Anthes, Die Felseninschriften vonHatnub(Untersuchungen IX),
pp. 40, 41, note on Graffito 17, 12. For a very similar phenomenon comparethe fate of
quInA nml in which mualso is confused with I, e.g. Bremner-Rhind 5, I3; 26, i6.
12. rrf: a close parallelis Borchardt,Zur BaugeschichtedesAmonstempels von Karnak,
45. For other exx. of this use of rrf see Peet, Cemeteries
of Abydos, II, pI. 23 = Sethe,
Lesestuiicke,87, 6; UJrk.iv, 96, I2; i62, I3; 1143, 13 = Davies, The Tomb of Rekh-mi-
Rer, II, pl. 50; Posener, Ostr. litt. de Deir el-Medineh, No. 1038, rt. 9; Varille, Karnak,
I, p1. 25 ( L? undoubtedly a scribal error since Coptic preserves the r, opq, wpt,
ophe).
13. For the interpretationof this passagecf. '<A v=~
,-: Q
sic
(Sinuhe B. 305-6), var. L. 5 i, M-!=- .o a passage which has
puzzled many.a The clue to the correct interpretation has been furnished by Sethe
who commented 'dmj:die richtige, geziemende Stelle'.b Sethe seems to take r dmi.sin
the same sense as r st-s. Translate, therefore, 'There was made for me a funerary
domain, where there were fields together with a garden, at its fitting place'. This sense
of r dmi.s accords well with the passage in our text.c
Note that Lefebvre, Gramm., ? 522, overlooking Sethe's note and the fact that
m-hnt-r is a mis-spelling of (m) hnts r, wrongly lists m-hnt-r (Sin. B. 306) as a rare
variant of m-hnt with meaning 'en face de'.
14. m-hkw-hr-nfris clearly a derivative of the more familiar m-h;w-hr,d'in addition
to', 'more than', with the literal meaning 'in excess of what is good'. An interesting
example of (m)-.hw-hr occurs on a recently discovered M.K. stela: 'who consolidates
(srwd) what is ruined, who creates what is non-existent, t? a- ? L who brings
more than what he found had been carried away'.e
M-h4w-hr-nfrseems to contain a strong nuance of the superlative, hence we have
translated rprw m-h4w-hr-nfr,lit. 'equipped in excess of what is good', as 'superbly
appointed'. The same nuance is to be detected in the other examples of this expression
known to us:
(a) 'He fashionedthe statues of his father, this king Menma(rec,one in Thebes and one
in f.Hrt-k-Pt.h
em ( I ben,g? f m'o i ?; bttJ in the chapel(s) which he had
built for them, (they being) far more beautiful (?better equipped) than that which was
in Abydos in the Thinite nome.f
(b) q I-T ',,, o [+]=t tX,,, ;l 0 He has fashioned all our
sacred images, (they being) far in excess of those of former days and far more beautiful
than what the ancestors made.'g
a Erman, Literatur, 56; Blackman in JEA xvi, 65, No. 7. b Sethe, Eriduterungen,p. 21.
c Compare the use of m dmi'sn (Davies, El Amarna, VI,pl. 27 = Bibl. Aegypt. VIII,95, 6). Sethe's view finds
additional support in the use of dmi n, e.g. dmi n hnm 'it suits the smeller' (Peasant, B I, I54; see JEA ix, I3);
dmi n srw 'it suits the great ones' (Cairo 20543, 4); dmi n shm-lb 'it suits the violent one' (Davies, The Tomb
of Rekh-mi-Rer at Thebes, II, pl. I05, 20).
d Gardiner, Eg. Gramm., p. 133; Lefebvre, Gramm., ? 517; Faulkner in Griffith Studies, 69; Gardiner, Lit.
Texts, I, I I, n. 13; Nauri 20 = JEA XIi, pl. 40.
Lines 8-9 of a M.K. stela (temp. Sesostris I) from the excavations of Labib Habashi Effendi at Elephantine.
e

We are grateful to Labib Habashi for permission to quote this example. f Inscr. dedic. 22-3.
g Coronation Stela of Haremhab (Turin), 22-3 = TSBA III (I874), pI. facing p. 486.
30 H. W. FAIRMAN AND BERNHARD GRDSELOFF
'(c) A , 0 'My heart is more than happy'.
(d) 'I came into being, I became divine, t^;~[ X B_ __ , [X] n
I became exceedingly fortunate since thou didst turn thy heart towards me while I was
in the Underworld.'b
I 5. A new stanza apparently began in the lacuna, introduced by a brief epithet
(barelythree squares) of the King. This hymn in praise of Sethos I is divided into four
stanzas:
i. Sethos I the scion of the gods (lines 5-6);
2. Sethos I the benefactor of the gods (lines 6-Io);
3. Sethos I the conqueror by favour of Pakhet (lines IO-I );
4. Sethos I and his exploits are unique (lines i I-I3).
Each stanza appearsto have commenced with a short descriptive epithet of the King
in harmony with the theme of the stanza. Thus Stanza i begins 'The good god' and
Stanza 2 is introduced by 'Vigilant and beneficent King'. There is every reason to
expect, therefore, that the missing phrases which introduced Stanzas 3 and 4 must also
have had some connexion with what follows.
In Stanza 3 we are undoubtedly concerned with Pakhet as uraeus, who already in
the texts of Speos Artemidos is identified with Wrt-hk3w(see above p. 23, n. g, and
cf. pl. IV, No. 6, 6-io), and who describes the King as her son (pl. III, No. 3, 3, and
bandeau 4-3; pl. IV, No. 5, 7, and bandeau 5-7). As the text now stands the words
'his mother' and the references to the uraeus have no antecedent and it is reasonable
to expect that this antecedent should have been in the lacuna. We suggest, accordingly,
that the missing words may have been ;m j u^ '[Son of the Sorceress, whom] his
mother [rewarded]',etc. We do not advancethis suggestion dogmatically,for we know
of no exact parallel (but cf. line 5), but logically it would seem that either this or a very
similar phrase must have stood here.
The space availablefor the introductionto Stanza 4 (line i i end) is barelytwo groups.
The most probable restoration, we suggest, is ~ f since this actually occurs with
reference to Sethos I in 1^ i (Wreszinski, Atlas, II, 45 Bibl.
Aegypt. iv, IO, II-I2) and since shmpty forms part of the titulary of Sethos I at Speos
Artemidos (see above, p. 26, no. 2). A further possibility is }'q-- (applied to
Sethos I in Wreszinski, op. cit. II, 48); this suits the context well but is hardly as prob-
able as our first suggestion since it is of more general use and is never, as far as we are
aware, specifically linked with pr-c.
We are well awarethat these attempts at restorationare extremely hypothetical, and
for this reason we have not included them either in the translation or in the notes to
pl. VII. Nevertheless, we are confident that they reflect accuratelythe spirit, if not the
letter, of the missing words.
i6. For this and the immediatelyprecedingclauses cf. ~f_~ _VZ^'p
jP J2-:Z (NaukratisStela, line 2). Gunn in discussing this passage(JEA xxix, 56)
has suggested 'that ; = bik for b;k "make subservient", "enslave" '. In view of our
text, however, it seems not impossible that , may be equivalent to hnb by metathesis
a Pap. Harris
500oo,rt. 5, 7. b Inscr. dedic. III-I2.
 HATSHEPSUT AND SETHOS I INSIDE SPEOS ARTEMIDOS 3I
from jJ? 'him of Hbnw' (Horus of Zawiyet el-Amwat, cf. Wb. in, 63, 12), i.e. 'She
(Neith) places her uraeus on his head; she captures for him the hearts of the nobility;
she subjugates for him the hearts of the common people'.
17. From very similar phrases such as Wreszinski, Atlas, II, 53, and Ann. Serv.
XXXVI, pI. 2, it is evident that we have here three consecutive phrases of the type 'he
smites A, he overthrows B, and sets his frontiers at C'. It is reasonablycertain, there-
fore, that the first word in the lacuna was tvs,but what followed is not so easy to restore
since a number of alternativesare possible. We ourselves are inclined to favour I
since this occurs in an inscription of Sethos I (Wreszinski, op. cit. I, 41), but other
possibilities are -=A a (Urk. IV, 55, 4, Tuthmosis I; Wreszinski, op. cit. ii, 53, Sethos I);
<>.~. (Ann. Serv. xxxvi, pI. 2, Amenophis III; de Rouge, Inscr. hier. I i6, 20,
Ramesses III); or ogo (Lammeyer, Das Siegesdenkmaldes K.nigs ScheschonkI. zu
Karnak, 28-9).
18. The beginning of the sentence is difficult to interpret. If hfr be regarded as
sdm-f,we have a clumsy phrase 'the lion seizes', with no predicate, a rendering which
seems out of harmony with the context. If, on the other hand, hfc be regarded as a
noun, 'the claw of the lion', it may be objected that hfr is the human 'fist' and not the
'claw' of a lion, though this is not necessarily an insurmountable obstacle since, if
Egyptian can speak of a bird's 'wing' as its 'arm', it is not impossible that the lion's
'claw' or 'paw' should be called its 'fist'.
Another possibility that has occurred to us is to take > a^o as a complete word
hfr(w),derived from hfr 'grasp', as a designation of the lion as the personificationof the
king, just as nJ designates a serpent (Wb. III, 273, 8: 'die Packende'). This would
make excellent sense here, but we cannot quote any parallels.
19. Cf. 'Symbols that I have made bymy own thought hft 9-a fand 0
as a featb not found in the records of the Predecessors'(Urk. IV, 406, io0-11); n m;; tw m
gnwt nt Drtyw '(the like) has not been seen in the records of the Ancestors' (ibid.
86, 3).
20. <c>= ' (from) mouth to mouth': for a similar omission of the preposition m
cf. Cairo 48831, 7 = Korostovtsev in Bull. inst. fr. XLV, 157 and pl. i; see also Urk. iv,
344, 2 = Gardiner, Eg. Gramm.? 463, 9; El Knais, Inscr. A 2 =Bull. inst. fr. xvII,
pl. 5, 2; Wreszinski, Wien, p. 63. Egyptian has a fondness for such phrases; e.g.
m s; n s; 'from son to son' (Nauri 22); m w n w 'from district to district' (Nauri 32, 43,
46, 68); m wr n wr 'from one to the other' (Urk. IV, 150, I; 344, 12); m hr n hr (var.
m hr r hr) 'from face to face' (Selim Hassan, Le Poeme dit de Pentaour,pl. 60 A).
21. Warlike comparisons with Min are very rare. Cf. 'The fear of His Majesty is
in this land iF f i Alike that of Min in the year when he comes' (Urk. iv, 18, 7);
'majesty fills his body J''MfT' l,, like Min in a "year-of-fear"' (Kuentz, Deux
Steles d'AmenophisII, 8). See also Grapow, Bildliche Ausdricke, i80-i, who quotes
a This is not sufficient, however, to fill the available space.
b Read m ir(t) simt, and not m ir(t) sht as suggested by Gunn, Syntax, 191, and Drioton in Ann. Serv.
XXXVIII, 231-2. For simt cf. Erman, Die Sphinxstele in Sitzb. Berlin. Akad. xi (1904), 432; Urk. I, 138, 17;
IV, 12, II. 13. I5; 462, 13; 512, i6; Rec. trav. XI, 159.
32 H. W. FAIRMAN AND BERNHARD GRDSELOFF
both these examples, neither of which, however, is likely to be restored in the passage
under discussion.
For a Ptolemaic example, not quoted by Grapow, cf. f e ilx 'Mayest thou
be powerful like Him-with-the-outstretched-arm'(Rochemonteix-Chassinat,Le Temple
d'Edfou, I, 102, I I-I 2); cf. Blackman-Fairmanin Miscellanea Gregoriana,418, Com-
mentary No. 70; Bull. inst. fr. XLIII, 12I, n. I.
22. Cf. i^ 1 'every foreign land united in a single purpose' (MacIver-
,
o
Woolley, Buhen, I, p. 91); 'they serve him united as one (Colossus
of Ramesses II, Luxor); 'I did all these things " A :},f,jI '{ that ye
might be of one mind in working for me' (Cairo 34504, i8 = Ann. Serv. XXXVIII,223
and pl. 30).
23. The prayer for healthy children or herds is not infrequent. Cf. ( n,-j-|-1
002L P7'Grant now that there be born to me a healthymale child' (JEA xvi,
19, 1. 4 of text); 'JMii Q ^ Moreover, I beg a second
male child for thy daughter' (JEA xvi, i9, 1. 8 a of text); r , ,*lPl Y>lzPi
-17j!I) 'and they see Edj6 with smiling face while granting healthy children' (Cairo
J.E. 85932, 5 published by Drioton, Les Fetesde Bouto in Bull. inst. d'Egypte,xxv, 1-19,
and especially p. 6, n. (g) where snbwis translated'pelerins'). For hrdn snbsee Peasant
B 2, ii8-20; Vogelsang, Kommentarzu den Klagen des Bauern (UntersuchungenVI),
228; Wb. iv, 90; for Ptolemaic exx. with substitution of swht for hrd see Chassinat,
Le Templed'Edfou,iv, 302, Io0-I i; v, I85, i. See further, Clere, Notes d'onomastique
in Revued'egyptologie,III (I938), I 13; Kees, Die LaufbahndesHohenpriestersOnhurmes
von Thinis in ZAS LXXVII, 84-5.
24. Cattle and herbage are linked in the prayer, and healthy cattle and fodder on
which to feed them are asked for; cf. Pap. Chester Beatty V, rt.2, 10. The grasshopper
is a common symbol of infinite or very large numbers: Grapow, Bildliche Ausdriicke,
98; Selim Hassan, Le Poeme dit de Pentaour, pl. 24 A.
25. Restore perhaps 7 uU ^ '2: for this phrase cf. the Will of Shepenopet III,
I5 - Sander-Hansen, Das Gottesweibdes Amun, Textanhang 2. This restoration
seems very probable, but in the form we have given above it may be slightly too short
to fill the lacuna; there is perhaps room for the addition of |?| at the end, or for a
spelling such as i , , instead of , (cf. line 3).

3. Other Texts in the Passage

(a) East Side (fig. i, i8; pl. III)a
The King stands on the left and offers wine and libations to the lion-headed Pakhet,
who stands facing him on the right.
Title: (i) Offeringwi[ne] and libationsthat there may be madefor him a granted-life.
Above the King: (2) ThzeKing of UJpper and LowerEgypt, Menmarrer,(j) Son of Rer,
[Seti]-merenp[t]ah,(4) granted life like Rec.
Behind the King: (5) All protectionand life are aroundhim like Rgcevery day.
a Champollion, Not. Descr. II, 333.
 HATSHEPSUT AND SETHOS I INSIDE SPEOS ARTEMIDOS 33
Above Pakhet: (6) Utteranceby Pakhet the great, (7) Mistress of Sro: I give thee all
life, stability, and prosperity,(8) all health and all joy like Rir.
Before Pakhet: (9) I give thee all valour and all strengthlike Rer.
(b) West side (fig. i, I9; pl. VI).a
The King stands on the right and offers 4 to Pakhet, lion-headed, who stands facing
him on the left and offers him a sceptre.
Title: (I) Offering the clepsydra(sbt) to the Lady of Heaven that he may make a
granted-life.
Cartouches: (2) The Good God, Menmarrer,(3) Son of Rer, Seti-merenptah,(4)
granted life like Rer.
Behind the King: (5) All protectionand life are aroundhim like Rer.
Below the Disk: (6) Behdeti,great god.
Above Pakhet: (7) Utteranceby Pakhet (8) the great, Mistressof Sro.
Before Pakhet: (9 a) I give [thee] (9 b) life and prosperityto [thy] nose, 0 Lord of the
Two Lands, thou belovedof Rer.b
Above Texts 18 and 19 is a frieze composed of the cartouchesof Sethos I. Since they
offer nothing in any way unusual they have not been included in our plates (cf. Porter-
Moss, Top. Bibl. iv, I64).
4. The Sanctuary (fig. i, 20, 2I; pl. VI)c
With the exception of the south wall, the Sanctuaryis uninscribed and the walls are
only rough-dressed. In the middle of the south wall, about four feet above the floor-
level, a small niche has been cut in the rock. Over the niche is the winged disk and on
either side a vertical column of text.
(a) Columnon the east of the niche (fig. i, 20, pI. VI).
Long live the Good God, Son of Amufin,King of Upperand LowerEgypt, [Menmarrer,
Son of Rer, Seti-merenptah],belovedof Pakhet, Lady of Heaven.
(b) Columnon the west of the niche (fig. i, 21, pI. VI).
Long live the Good God who made (this) as (his) monument,the King of Upper and
LowerEgypt, Menmarrer,Son of Rer,Seti-merenptah,belovedof Pakhet,Lady of Heaven.
a Ibid.
b The epithet mr n Rr is applied again to Sethos I, in Lefebure, Le Tombeau de Seti ley, 3e partie, pI. I, I;
4e partie, pi. i.
' Champollion, Not. Descr. II, 334.