STATISTICS

14
BASIC CONCEPTS A FLOW
CHART

Statistics

Statistics is a branch of study that deals with the

analysis and interpretation of data. collection, presentation,

Data: Facts or figures, collected with a definite purpose, are called data.

Graphical Representation of Data Measure of Central Tendency

Bar Graphs Histogramsof Frequency

Uniform Width and Polygons
ofVarying Widths

Mean Median Mode

Raw Data
It is the value of middle- most The mode is the most frequently
T observation(s). occurring observation. Mode of the
Mean= 2t¥zt..t ifn is an odd number, median= ungrouped data can be determined
n
th by observation/inspection.
i
Value ofthe 75observation.
n f n is an even number, median =
Where123 Xn are n
th th
Observations.
Average ofthe and
>Ungrouped Data observations.
Mean of
ungrouped data
The mean of observations t axta. d, ta is äta
Where Ji s are
of xs. frequencies The mean of observations ax1, ax2, ax3 ax, is ar
The mean ofobservations2 is

265 Statisties
 REMEMBER
MORE POINTS TO
Data: When an
observer collects data himselffor his purpose it is call,
lled
Primary
When an observer uses
the data, collected by other obsePmamary data
r sources l
Secondary data: data.
called secondary
other purposes, is reliable than secondary data.
data is m o r e
Obviously primary obtained in original form is calle
Data: The data
Raw or Ungrouped raw data o
ungrouped data.
groups, then itis cal
Grouped Data: When a data is condensed into
classes or
led agroup
data. students in mathematics, is represented as gron ouped
For example, a data of marks of 30 data:
No. of Students
Marks
0-20 2

20-40 8

40-60 5

60-80 10

80-100 5

Total 30

times observation occurs in data is ea..

of an observation: The number of

an
called ts
Frequency
frequency data the of marks 20-40 is 8.
For example, in above grouped frequency
Distribution of Data: A tabular arrangement
of data, showing the frequency ofeeach
Frequency distribution of data.
observation or group of observations,
is called a frequency
distribution of group data is represented.
In above example, frequency
distribution of group data:
Type of frequency
excluded and lower limit
frequency distribution of data in which upper limit
Exclusive form: A
exclusive form or continuous form of
data.
included in its class is called
exclusive form.
For example, the data given in above example is in
well lower limit included in is
upper limit
as
frequency distribution in which
as
Inclusive form: A
interval is called inclusive form of data.

For example, data given in above example is represented inclusive form as:

Marks No. of Students

0-19 2

20-39 8

40-59 5

60-79 10

80-100 5

amtea 266
Mathematics IX
ERY
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS [1 mark
the class mark of the class
Find
100-120.
Lower limit + Upper lim it
Sol lass
l a s S mark
m a s =

2
100 + 120
= 110
2

a
frequency distri stribution, the mid-value of a class is 10 and the width of the class is 6. Find
In
lower
limit of the class.
he

limit
Lower
limit of the class =

10-x 6 =10-3 =7
Sol.
The frequency distribution:

Marks 0 20 20 40 60 100
40 6 0
Number of students 10 15 20 25
has been represented graphically as follows:

30

25

20

15

10
5:

20 40 60 80 100
Marks

Fig. 14.1

Do you think this representation is correct? Why?

N o , as the classes are of varying widths, not of uniform widths.
4. n a
diagnostic test in mathematics given to students, the
following marks (out of 100)
recorded: are

46, 52, 48, 11, 40,

62, 44, 53, 96, 98
which
Sol. Median,average'
becausee will be a good representation of the above data and why??
0) each value
occurs once
2) the data is
influenced by extreme values.

267
Saisics
 5. A child says that the median of3, 14, 18, 20,5 is 18. What doesr't the child unders
finding the median? rstand shn
Sol. In order to find the median, data has to e arranged in amending or dexending Gnd.
finding the median. nder
6. The class marks ofa continuous distribution are:

1.14, 1.24, 1.34, 14, 1.54 and 1.64

1.04,
Is it correct to say that the last interval will be 1.55-1.73? Justify your answer.
Sol. It is not correct because the difference between two consecutive marks shuld
class size.
eal u, th
7. The mean of the data:
2, 8,6,5, 4, 5,6,3, 6, 4, 9, 15, 6, 5 is given to be 5. Based on this information, is it .

say that the mean of the data:

correxn
Give
10, 12,30, 18, 8, 12,6, 12, 10, 8, 10, 12, 16, 4 is 10?
reason.

Sol. It is correct as the 2nd data is obtained by multiplying cach observation of data by 2, th
the mean will be 2 times the mean of the data, ie., 10.
8. 30 children were asked about the number of hours they watched TV programmes lat ye
The results are recorded as under:
0-5 5-10 19-15
Number of hours 15-2
16 4 2
Frequency
Can we say that the number of children who watched TV for 10 or more hours a week is

Justify your answe

Sol. No, the number of children who watched TV for 10 or more hours a week is 4 +2, ie., 6,
9. In a histogram, the areas of the rectangles are proportional to the frequencies. Can we av
ythat
the lengths of the rectangles are also proportional to the frequencies?
Sol. No. It is true only when the class sizes are the sane.
10. Is it correct to say that in a histogram, the area of each rectangle is proportional to the clau
size of the corresponding class interval? If not, correct the statement.
Sol. It is not correct. In a histogram, the arca of each rectangle is proportional to the frequency of is
class.
11. If the mode of the data 5, 8, 4,5, 5, 8, 4, 7, 8, x is 5, then find the value of x.
Sol. The value of x = 5.

SHORT ANsWER QUESTIONS-I [2 marks

1. Find the arithmetic mean offirst-five natural numbers.
Sol. Mcan= 1+2+3+4t = 15 3
5
2. Find the median of the numbers: 4, 4, 5, 7,6, 7,7, 12,3.
Sol. Arranging the data in ascending order, we get
3,4,4,5,6, 7, 7,7, 12
Here, n =9
(9+ 1)th
Median = observation
2
= 5th observation =6.

Xam tdea
Mathematics-1x 268
 class marks in freq
f
rresponding to the class mark
frequency distribution are
33.5. 19.5, 26.5, 33.5, 40.5, then find the class
class size of the stribution =
40.5 -33.5
So
=
7
class of the class
Therequired 33.5 is mark
4
The me of ten numbers is 55. If
excluded number.
one 33.5--3.5+lia.30-37
number is
excluded, their mean becomes 50. the
F

Cl Mean of 10 numbers
10
= 10x 55 550
il

i=1
New m e a n

x 50 x9 = 450,
i=1
Excluded number = 550-450 = 100

5. Mean of 50 observations was found to be 80.4. But

misread as 69 at one later on, it was discovered that 96 was
place. Find the correct mean.
=
50, *
=80.4 [NCERT Exemplar]
Sol. Here, n

80.4 *
50
2x- 80.4x 50 = 4020
Correct value of 2x; = 4020 - 69 +96

4047

Correct mean = Correct value of 2x4047 = 80.94

n
50
6. Ten observations 6, 14, 15, 17, x +1, 2x-13, 30, 32, 34, 43 are written in an
The median of the data is 24. Find the value of x. ascending order.
NCERT Exemplar]
Sol. 6,14, 15, 17,x +1, 2x-13, 30, 32, 34, 43
Here, n = 10

Since the number of observations is 10 (an even number), therefore, the median

th
2observation + + 1 ) observation

5observation + 6 observation
2

24. 2x-13 48 3x - 12
2
Sx = 48 + 12 = 60 * = 20

269 Staistics
 7. The points scored by a basketball team in a series of matches are as follows: tNen
17,2,7,27, 25, 5, 14, 18, 10, 24, 48, 10, 8, 7, 10, 28. Find the median and moda e.NCERT Exmlan
e
Sol. Arranging the data in ascending order, we get
for the
data
2,5,7,7,8, 10, 10, 10, 14, 17, 18, 24, 25, 27, 28, 48
Since number ofobservations (n) = 16, which is even. Therefore, median is the mesan r

+1observation, i.e., 8 and 9h observation. and

Here, 8h observation = 10

gth observation = 14

Median = T = 12
2
As 10 occurs most frequently, i.e., three times. So, the mode is 10.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS-I 3 marks

1. A study was conducted to find out the concentration ofsulphur dioxide in the airin
million (ppm) of a certain city. The data obtained for 30 days is as follows:

0.03 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.04 0.17

0.16 0.15 0.02 0.06 0.18 0.20
0.11 0.08 0.12 0.13 0.22 O.07

0.08 0.01 0.10 0.06 0.09 0.18

0.11 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.01 0.04

(6) Make a grouped frequency distribution table for this data with class interval as 0.00-04
0.04-0.08, and so on.
(it) For how many days, was the concentration of sulphur dioxide more than 0.11 parts per
million?
Sol. ) Frequency distribution of above data in tabular form is given as:
Concentration of sulphur dioxide Tally marks Frequency
(inppm)
0.00 0.04
0.04 0.08

0.08-0.12

0.12-0.16
0.16-0.20
0.20-0.24
Total 30

() The concentration of sulphur dioxide was more than 0.11 ppm for 9 days.

am tdea 270
Mathematics-X
 Theb uroups of 30 students of class
VIII are
4.B.0,0, AB, 0, A, 0, B, A, 0, B, A, 0,0
recorded as follows:
A, AB, 0, 4, A, 0,0, AB, B, A, 0,
B, A, B, O.
Represent this
nt thi data in the form of a
hich is the rest blood frequency distribution
and group among these students? table. Which is the most mmon
com
Frequency
Distribution Table
ol
Blood group Tally marks
A eFrequency
B 9

AB 12
Total 3
30
lood
Bloo group O 1s most common as it
has highest frequency, i.e., 12.
Rlood group AB is rarest as it has lowest frequency, i.e., 3.
Three coins were tossed 30 times
was noted down as follows:
simultaneously. Each time the number of heads occurring
0 2 2 1 2 0
2 2 0 1 2
3 2 2 2 0
Prepare a frequency distribution table for the data given above.

Sol. Frequency distribution of above data in tabular form is given as:

Number of heads
Tally marks Frequency
10
9
N 5
Total 30

Convert the given frequency distribution into a continuous grouped frequency distribution:

Class interval Frequency

150 153 7

154 157 1

158 161 15

162 165 10

166 169
170-173 6

n which intervals would 153.5 and 157.5 be included?

NCERT Exrmplar

271 SiaisicsS
 and 154- 157.
Sol. Consider theclasses 150- 153
157 154
The lower limit of 154-
=

153 153
The upper limit of 150
=

153 1
The difference 154-
= =

Halfthe diference = 0.5

=

So, the new class interval formed from 150- 153 is (150- 0.5)- (153 + 0.5), i..., L4ar
49.5- 153.
Continuous classes formed are:

Class interval Frequency

149.5- 153.5 7

153.5 157.5 1
157.5-161.5 15

161.5- 165.5 10

165.5- 169.5

169.5 173.5 6

153.5 is included in the class interval 153.5 - 157.5 and 157.5 in 157.5- 161.5.

5. Thirty children were asked about the number of hours they watched TV programmes in the
previous week. The results were found as follows:
6 2 3 5 12 5 8 4 8

10 3 4 12 2 8 15 17 6
3 8 5 9 8 7 14 12

)Make agroupedfrequency distribution table for this data, taking class width 5 and one of
the class intervals as 5-10.
i) How many children watched television for 15 or more hours a week?
Sol. () The frequency distribution of above data in tabular form is given as:

Number of hours Tally marks

Frequency
0-5 10
5-10 NI1 13
10-15 5
15-20
Total 30
() Two children watched television for 15 or more hours a week.

am ldea 272
Mathematics-IX
 Obtain the mean of the following distribution INCERT Exemplar)
Frequency Variable
4
4

6
14
11
10
3
12
Sol.

4 16
8 48
8
14 112
10
11 110
12
36
f 40 f 322

22
X = 8.05
2f 40
Tfthe mean of the following data is 20.2, find the value of p:
10 15 20 25 30
6 8 10 6

[NCERT Exemplar]
Sol.

10 6 60
15 120
20 20
25 10 250
30 6 180
f 30 +? Efr = 610 +20p

f
610 + 20h
20.2
30+
20.2(30 + p) = 610 + 20p
606+20.2p = 610 + 20p
20.2 p-20p = 610 -606
0.2 p = 4

4 40 = 20
P0.2
273 Saisics
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS 4 marks
1. The value of m up to 50 decimal places is given below:
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510
() Make a frequency distribution of the digits from 0 to 9 after the decimal point,
oint.
(i) What are the most and the least frequently occurring digits?
Sol. ()Frequency distribution of the digits from 0 to 9 after the decimal point in tabul
given as: form
Tally marks
Digits Frequency
0 2
5

2 5
8
4 4

6 4

7 4

9 8

Total 50

(i) The most frequently occurring digits are 3 and 9. The least occurring is0.
2. The distance (in km) of 40 engineers from their residence to their place of work were found as
follows:
5 3 10 20 25 11 13 7 12 3
19 10 12 17 18 1 32 17 16 2

7 9 7 8 3 12 15 18

12 14 |2 9 15 15 7 6 12

Construct a grouped frequency distribution table with class size 5 for the data given abone
this
taking the first interval as 0-5 (5 not included). What main features do you observe from
tabular representation?
Sol. Frequency distribution of above data in tabular form is given as

Distances in km) Tally marks FrequencY

0-5
5-10 11

10-15
15-20 9

20-25
25-30
30-35
40
Total
Xam idea 274
MathematicX
 that 36
ed that 36 engineers out of 40 live their
at a distance
observed

Jt
is not more than 20 km
io
residence.

The heights of students, measured to the nearest

have been found to be as
centimetre,
follows:

150 154 165 168 151

161 150
161

164 171 165

154154 162
170
162 158 154 156 172 160
159 161 170 l64
153 162 165 166 168 165
152 153 156 158 166
154 162 160 161 173 159
159 162 167 168 159
161
| 159 158 153 154
() Represent thedata given above by a grouped frequency distribution table, taking the class
interval as 60-165, 165-170, etc.
what can you conclude about their heights from the table?

tribution of above data in tabular form is

() Frequency distrit
Sol
given as:
Heights (in cm) Tally marks Frequency
150- 155 12
155 160
TN I 9
160 - 165
14
165- 170 10

170- 175 5

Total 50
() One conclusion we can draw from the above table is that more than 50% of students are
shorter than 165 cm.

4. The following data on the number of girls to the nearest ten per thousand boys in different
sections of the society is given on next page:

Section of the society Number of girls per thousand boys

Scheduled Caste (SC) 940
Scheduled Tribe (ST) 970

Non -SC/ST 920

Backward districts 950

Non-backward districts 920

Rural 930

Urban 910

) Represent the above information by a bar graph.

(Gi) Write two conclusions you can arrive at from the graph, with justification.

275 Saistes
 Sol. )

50

40

Scheduled:Scheduled Non SC/ST i5acKwarg1

Districts
O
backward
Rura: lreUrban
Caste (SC) Tribe (ST) Districts
Section ofthe Society

Fig. 14.2
(ü) Number of girls to the nearest ten per thousand boys are maximum in scheduled si
whereas they are minimum in urban areas.
tribes
5. Given below are the seats won by different political parties in the polling outeome of sae
assembly elections:

Political party A B C D E

75 55 37 29 10 37
Seats won
() Draw a bar graph to represent the polling results.
(ii) Which political party won the maximum number of seats?
Sol. )

20

Political party
Fig. 14.3

() Party A won the maximum number of seats, ie., 75.

am idea
Mathematics-IX
276
 ted by
conducte an
organization for the
cause of illness
the ages 15-44 (in years) worldwide found
15-44 and death among the omen
.
betwen the following tne
S.No. Causes figures (in per cen
Reproductive health conditions Female fatality rate (
31.8
2. Neuropsychiatric conditions
Injuries 25.4
12.4
Cardiovascular conditions
4.3
5. Respiratory conditions
Other causes 4.1
6.
22.0
ent the information given above
) Repre

Whi
condition is th
the major cause of women's
graphically.
(in ill health and death worldwide:

35

30

Reproductive Neuropsychiatric Injuries Cardiovascular Respiratory Other

Health Conditions Conditions
Conditions Conditions Causes
Causes of illness and death

Fig. 14.4

) The major cause of women's ill health and death worldwide is reproductive health conditions.
The length of40 leaves of a plant are measured correct to one millimetre, and the obtained data
is
represented in the following table:
|Length (in mm) 118-126 127-135 136-144 145-153 154-162 163-171 172-180
Number of leaves 3 5 9 12 5 4 2
Draw a histogram to represent the given data.

e r e any other suitable graphical representation for the same data?

Ss t 153
correct to conclude that maximum number of leaves are mm
long? Why?
Sal.
() Consider the class 118 126 and 127 - 135

he lower limit of 127 135 =

127
ne upper limit of 118- 126 =126
Half of the
difference=2120 =
0.5

277 Staisies
 So, the new class interval formed from 118- 126 is
(118-0.5)- (126 + 0.5), i.e., 117.5- 126.5
classes formed are:
Continuing in the same manner, the continuous
Length (in mm) Number of leaves
117.5-126.5
126.5- 135.5
135.5 144.5
144.5 153.5 12
153.5 162.5 5
162.5 171.5

171.5-180.5 2

(i) Yes, frequency polygon.

(2) No, this frequency includes all leaves whose length are from 144.5 mm to 1535,
mm.

Length (in mm)

Fig. 14.5

8. The following table gives the lifetimes of 400 neon lamps:

Lifetime (in hours) Number of lamps

300-400 4

400-500 56

500-600 60

600-700 6

700-800 74
800 900 62

900- 1000 48
ygon.

Represent the given informationwith the help ofa histogram and a frequeney

How many lamps have a lifetime of 700 or more hours?

(ii)

am dea 278
Mathematics-IX
 90

80

701

60

50
40
30

20

1000 1100X
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Lifetimein hours tererti

Fig. 14.6

hours 74 + 62 + 48
= 184
having life 700 or more

) Number lamps
of

Thinking Skills)
HOTS (Higher Order m e a n marks by scored girls in a
which 30 a r e girls. The
consists of 50 students out of of the whole class.
I. A class 71. Determine the
mean score

of 100) and that of boys is NCERT Exemplar]

test is 73 (out

73
by girls (x1)
=

scored
Sol. Mean marks
30
girls (n,)
=

Number of
71
by boys (x2)
=

Mean marks scored

20
Number boys (n) = 50-30
of
Mean score of the whole class (,2

x 71
30 x 73 + 20
30+ 20

2190+1420
20 50
3610
50
72.2 the following data:
12 distribution
from
frequency 45
grouped 25 35
Prepare a continuo 15 6
13 12
|Mid-point 8 [NCERT Exemplar]
requencyY rvals.

Also find the size of class

279 Saisics
 Sol. Ifm is mid-point of a class and h is the class size, lower and upper limits of the class
ass intervals e
h
m-and m+ respectively.
Class size (h) = 15-5 = 10
So, the class interval formed for the mid-point 5 is5- ie.,0- 10
Continuing in the sanme manner, the continuous classes formed are:

Class interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40

40-50
Frequency 4 8 13 12
6
3. The marks obtained (out of 100) by a class of 80 students are given below
Marks 10-20 20-30 30-50 50-70
70-100
Number of students 6 17 15 16
26
Construct a histogram to represent the data above.
Sol. In the given frequency distribution, the class intervals are not of equal width. Therefor
NCERT Exemplar
would ore, we
make modification in the lengths of the rectangle in the histogram so that the reas o
rectangle are proportional to the frequencies. Thus we have:
Marks Frequency Width of the class Length of the rectangle
10-20 6 10
x6=6
10
20-30 17 10 10
x17=17
10
30-50 15 20
10
20 x15 7.5
50-70 16 20
X16
0 8
70-100 26 30
10x
30
26 8.67
Now, we draw rectangles with lengths as given in the last column. The histogram of data is given
below:

30

25+

10 20 30 40 50 30 70 80 90 100
Marks
Fig. 14.7

Mathematics -1X
280
 frequency pol polygon for the following distribution:
M a r k so b t a i n e d 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
70-80

7
N ao fs t u d e n t s
10 6
8 12 3
2

iM
10 10 20 30 40
Marks obtained

Fig. 14.8
50 60 70 80 90 X

(5, 7)
5

10
(15, 10)
15
(25. 6)
25
(35, 8)
8
35
(45, 1)
12
45
55, 3)
55
(65, 2)
65
(75, 2)
75

281
 PROFICIENGY EXERCISE

Very Shert Answer Questions

1. Ina frequeney distribution, the micd-value of a class is 135 and the width of the d
the upper limit of the class.
mat
2. A football player scored the following number of goals in the 10 matehes:
1,3,2,3,8,6, 1,4, 7,9
Since the number of nmatches is 10 (an even number), therefore, the

Median"observation+6 observation

Is it the correct answer? Why?

3. What are the measures of central tendeney?
4. Can mean of data be negative? Justify your answer.
5. How will you define frequency of an observation in data?
6. Which measure of central tendency should be avoided when extreme values affect the data
atar
7. What is the empirical relation between mean, mode and median?
8. The mode of the data 42, 39, 29, 50, 29, 33, 29 is 50 as 50 is the highest value. State true ortalse
and justify your answer.
9. The median ofthe data 11, 16,9, 10, 14, 12, 8 is 10 as it is the (7 T observation. State true
or false and justify your answer.
10. What is the class mark of the class 130-150?
. For a frequency distribution, the mid-value of the class is 150 and the width of the clas i
What is the lower limit of the class?
12. Find the range of the data: 22, 25, 20, 32, 36, 28, 40, 45, 35, 38.
13. The arithmetic mean and mode of a data are 30 and 24 respectively. Find the median of thedau

Short Answer Questions- (2 marks)

14. What is the mean of first five even natural numbers?
u
15. The mean of eight numbers is 42. If one number is excluded, their mean becomes 9. Wha
be excluded number?
16. The mean of p, q, 7, s and t is 28. If the mean of p, r and t is 24, what is the mean of q and

17. Find the mode: 14, 25, 14, 28, 18, 17, 18, 14, 23, 22, 14, 18.
18. Find the mean of the factors of 20.
19. The mean of 15 numbers is 8. 1f 2 is added to every number, what will be the new mcat
clas
20. The cass marks of a distribution are 37, 42, 47, 52, 57. Determine the class size and

limits of last class mark. rst 8 observations

21. The mean of 15 observations is 42.Out ofthese observations ifthe mean ofthe first 8ux

is 40 and that of last 8 observations is 44, find the 8th observation. cdatais
22. The following observations have been arranged in ascending order. Ifthe median ot
63, find the value ofx.
29, 32, 48, 50, x, x +2, 72, 78, 84, 95.

am tdea 282
Mathematics-K
 Ifthe meanean of the observations x, 2x +1, 2x + 5, 2x
observations? 9 is
+ 91S 30, what is the mean
mean of last two
ngists of 40 students out of
100) and that of boys is which
4 A ch
25 are girls. The
of 100)
(out of mean marks scored
is 75 72. Determine the by g
mean score of the whole class.
of 115 observations is 28. If the
of
mean

The mean of first 8

find the 8th observation. observations is 25 and that of tne la
is 30,
Aservations 11, 14, 19, 20, x +3,
The median of the data is 28. Find the2x-7, 35, 39, 40, 45 are written in an asc
26. Ten ascending order.
value ofx.
of 25 observations was
7. Mean of25 found to be 40.4. But later
on. it was discovered that 53 was
35 at one place. Find the correct mean. misrea
The of100.
mean 00 observations is 50. If one of the observations, which was 50 is replaced by 150,
28.
find the resulting mean.
riad the median of the data: 78, 56, 22, 34,
29. 45, 54, 39, 68, 54, 84.
mode
30. Findmodee of the data: 15, 14, 19, 20, 14, 15, 16, 14, 15, 18, 14, 19, 15, 17, 15.
31. Find the arithmetic mean of first-five prime numbers.
s9 1f the mode of the data 3, 9, 6, 9, 4, 3, x-4 is 9, then find x.
The mean of five numbers is 15. If one number is excluded, their mean remains 15. Find the
33.
excluded number.

A grouped frequency distribution table with classes of equal sizes using 63-72 (72 included) as
34.
one of the classes is constructed for the following data:

30,32, 45, 54, 74, 78, 108, 112, 66, 76, 88, 40, 14, 20, 15, 35, 44, 66, 75, 84, 95, 96, 102, 110, 88,
74, 112, 14, 34, 44.
Find the number of classes in the distribution.
35. The mean of five numbers is 30. f one number is excluded, their mean becomes 28. Find the
excluded number.
36. f the mean of the observations x, x + 3,x +5,x + 7, x +10 is 9, find the mean of the last three
observation.
37. If F represents the mean ofn observations x1, 2 *********** then find value of ( - ) .

Short Answer Questions-Il (3 marks)

38. Obtain the mean of the following distribution:

6 8 10 12
Variable 4

8 14 3
Frequency
39. marks (out of 100) are recorded:
n Mathematics test given to 20 students, the following
57, 68, 90
,62, 88, 55, 90, 95, 85, 69, 62, 78, 90, 95, 90, 95, 80, 71, 44,
Find the mean, median and mode of this data.
marks (out of 100) are recorded:
n
Mathematics test given to 15 students, the following
42, 52, 60
, 48,52, 46, 62, 54, 40, 96, 52, 98, 40,
Find the mean, median and mode of this data. 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, 1.3
41. The were scored by
a team in a
series of 10 matches:

following
llwing nur
number of goals
mode of these
3,4,3. Find the mean,
scores.

edian and

283 Staisics
 table:
the following
of 80 workers ofa factory from
42. Find the mean salary Number of workers

Salary (in ) 22
5000
18
6000
15
7000
10
8000
8
9000

10,000
following table:
factory from the
43. Find the mean salary of 60 workers ofa
Number of workers
Salary (in ) 16
3000
12
4000
10
5000
8
6000
6
7000
8000
9000
1
10,000
44. If 7,2,3,.,, are the mean ofi groups with n],nay.,n;number of observations respectivev
then what is the mean T of all the groups taken together?
45. The mean of the following distribution is 50.
30 50 70 90
10
5a + 3 32 7a 11 19
17

Find the value of a and hence the frequencies of 30 and 70. [NCERT Exemplar)
in factory. Construct the
46. In Fig. 14.9, there is a histogram depicting daily wages of workers a

frequency distribution table. VC.ERTEemplar

50

40T

30

20

10t

150 200 250 300 350 400 X

r Dally wages (in Rupees)
Fig. 14.9

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Mathematics 1X
 ysworDuestiong

cd
m a grouped
inn frequency distribution from the
of clans intervals.
(4 marks)
hr uagnitude

following data by inclusiveve method, takíng 4 as

tint: Isive means
dincontinuous)
29, 22, 20, 16, 10, 13,
23,19,29, 34, 38, 33, 28,
29,
7. 23,
27, 20, ;17, 14, 32, 21, 15, 18, 36, 24, 18, 15
2, 30, 26, 25, 18, 29,
24, 19, 16, 1,
Form the group frequency 22, 15, 17, 10
.
distribution table for the
hass interval.
following data, taking 10 as the ssze
21 13
o
23
30 25
41 35 23 21 20 47
13 31 27 25
3 5
22 13 12
2 8 17 13 12 35 25 27
37 47 48 49 42 40 13 12 3 2
ldren were
Thirty childre asked about the
The
number of hours they watched TV rogrammes in the
evious week." results were found as pro
follows:
6 2 3 5 12 5 8 4 8
10 4 12 2 8 15 17 6
3 5 9 8 7 14 12
) Make a grouped frequency distribution table for this data, taking class width 5 and one of
theclass intervals as 5- 10.
Gi) How many children watched television for 15 or more hours a week?
50. The weights in grams of 50 apples picked at random from a consignment are as follows:
131, 113, 82, 75, 204, 81, 84, 118, 104, 110, 80, 107, 111, 141, 136, 123, 90,
78, 90, 115, 110,98,
106,99, 107, 84, 76, 186, 82, 100, 109, 128, 115, 107, 115, 119, 93, 187, 139, 129, 130, 68, 195,
123, 125, 111, 92, 86, 70, 126.
Form the grouped frequency table by dividing the variable range into intervals of equal width of
20g, such that the mid-value of the first class interval is 70 g.
S1.
100 surnames were randomly picked up from a local telephone directory and a
frequency
distribution of the number of letters in the English alphabets in the surnames was found as
follows:
Number of letters 1-4 4-6 6-8 8- 12 12 20

|Number of surnames 6 30 44 16 4

Draw a histogram to depict the given information.

4 Write the class interval in which the maximum number of surnames lie.
52 Arandom survey of the number of children of various age groups playing in a park was found
as follows:

Age (in years) 1-2 2-3 3-5 5-7 7-10| 10-15 15-17
Number of children 5 3 6 12 9 10 4

Draw a histogram to represent the data above.

285 SaisiIGS
 distribution:
polygon for the
following
53. Draw a histogram and fiequeney
40-50 50-60 60-70
Marks obtained

Number ofstudents7
0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40
10 6 8 123 2 70-80
www

for the speed

of cars
passing thro.
54. Following table shows a frequency distribution ough al a
particular spot on a highway:
Frequency
Class interval (km/h)
30-40
6
40-50
25
50-60
65
60-70
50
70- 80
28
80-90
14
90-100
Draw a histogram and frequency polygon
representing the data
above. NCERT Exemplar|
measured in millimetres and the data is represented in
55. The lengths of 62 leaves of a plant are
the following table:
Number of leaves
Length(in mm)
8
118-126
10
127-135

136 144
12
17
145 153

154- 162 7

163-171 5

172-180 3

Draw a histogram to represent the data above.

NCERT Exemplav
sections A and B of a class according to the
56. Following table gives the distribution of students of
marks obtained by them.
Section B
Section A
Marks Frequency Marks Frequency
5 0-15 3
0- 15
15-30 12 15-30 16

30-45 28 30-45 25

45-60 30 45 60 27
60-75 35 60-75 40

75 90 13 75-90 10
quency

Represent the marks of students of both the sections on the same graph by two a r
[NCERTExemplar)
polygons. What do you observe?

Xam t0ea 286

Mathematics-
 oredbby two teams A
scored
and B on the first 60
balls in a cricket1match are given belor
runs

he
Number ofballs
Team A
0-6
2
Team B
7-12
13- 18
8
2
19-24
9
10
25-30
4
31 36
5
37-42
6
43-48
10
49-54
6
55-60
2 10
cent the data of both the teams onthe same
graph by frequency polygon.
following
following two
two ttables give the distribution of students of two sections according to the marks
The
obtained by them:

Section A
Section B
Marks Frequency Marks Frequency
0-10 3 0-10
10-20 9 10-20 19
20-30 17 20-30 15
30-40 12 30-40 10

40-50 9 40-50

Represent the marks of the students of both the sections on the same graph by two frequency
polygons.
The mean marks (out of 100) of boys and girls in an examination are 70 and 73, respectively. If
the mean marks of all the students in that examination is 71, find the ratio of the number of boys
to the number of NCERT Exemplar]
girls.
A total of 25 patients admitted to a hospital are tested for levels of blood sugar, (mg/dl) and the

Tesults obtained were as follows:

87 71 83 57 85

77 69 76 65 85

85 54 70 68 80

73 78 68 85 73

81 78 81 77 75
Find mean, median and mode (mg/dl) of the above data.
[NCERT Exemplar]

287 Siaisies
 SELP-ASSESSMENT TEST
Time: 45 minutes
Maximum marks:2
1. The class marks of a distribution are 15, 20, 25, . , 45. What is the class cOre
45?
2. Find the range of the following data: 149, 132, 115, 125, 138, 142, 106, 140
ponding to
3. The mean of 10 observations is 42. If each observation in the data is decreased by 19
be the new mean of the data? 12, what wit
.

4. Ifthe mode of 12, 16, 19, 16, x, 12, 16, 19, 12 is 16, then what is the value ofx?
5. Find the median of the following observations: 8, 11,6, 9, 11,0, 5, 3, 8,7.
6. The class marks of a
continuous distribution are: 1.04, 1.14, 1.24, 1.34, 1.44, 1.54 and 1e.
of the class intervals will be 1.55 1.73. State true or false and
-

justify your answer. 64.0ne

7. Ifthe mean of n observation 2x, 22,.. 2x, is 2x, show that 0.
3
8. The
electricity bills of twenty households in a locality are as follows:
370, 410, 520, 270, 810, 715, 1080, 712, 802, 775, 310, 375, 412, 420, 3
570. Construct a
370, 218, 240, 250 AL
frequency distribution table with class size 100. 610,
9. If the mean of the observations
x, 2x +1, 2x + 5, 2x + 9 is 30, what is the
mean of last h
observations? two
10. The of the 3
mean
following distribution is 50.
10 30 50 70 90
f 17 5a + 3 32 7a- 11 19
Find the value of a and hence the
11. Draw a
frequencies of 30 and 70. 4
histogram and frequency polygon to the
represent following data:
Class interval 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35
Frequency 3 7 9 5

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Mathematics-IX 288