Risk factor

Infection - bacteria will multiply rapidly which result to the swelling of the appendix
The age range of 10 to 30 years is considered a higher risk period for developing appendicitis-
Adolescents and young adults may have diets that are higher in processed foods, which may
contribute to constipation. Constipation can increase the risk of fecal matter accumulating in the
appendix, potentially leading to obstruction and inflammation.

COMMON CAUSES
Faecolith- a stony mass compacted feces
Lymphoid hyperplasia can cause appendicitis by leading to the enlargement of lymphoid
tissue in the appendix, which can result in obstruction and inflammation of the appendix.
Parasites can cause appendicitis by migrating into the appendix, leading to inflammation and
obstruction.
Anatomy
The appendix produces mucus as a normal part of its function. The mucus may help to lubricate
the appendix and the surrounding area, preventing the walls from sticking together and allowing
normal movement of stool and bacteria in the digestive tract.
- Obstruction in the appendix can lead to the buildup of mucus because the appendix
continues to produce mucus even when it is obstructed. This mucus, along with the
inflammation and pressure caused by the obstruction, can become trapped in the
appendix, resulting in the formation of a thick, viscous substance. This accumulation of
mucus, combined with the pressure, can lead to distension of the appendix and increase
the risk of infection and inflammation, resulting in appendicitis.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST
The diagnosis of appendicitis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, physical
examination, and diagnostic tests. Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a small
pouch-like organ located in the lower right abdomen. Some of the common diagnostic tests and
procedures for appendicitis include:

Physical Examination: They will ask about your symptoms, when they started, and their
severity. During the physical exam, the doctor may look for signs of tenderness, rebound
tenderness (pain when pressure is released from the abdomen), and other clinical indications of
appendicitis.

Blood Tests: A complete blood count (CBC) is often ordered to check for signs of infection or
inflammation. An elevated white blood cell count can be a sign of infection.

Imaging Studies: Imaging tests are often used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity
of appendicitis. Common imaging modalities include:

a. Ultrasound: It is often used in children and pregnant women due to its safety and
non-invasiveness.
b. CT Scan (Computed Tomography): This is a highly effective method for diagnosing
appendicitis in adults.

c. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): It can provide detailed images of the appendix.

Laparoscopy: During this procedure, a thin tube with a camera (laparoscope) is inserted
through a small incision in the abdomen, allowing direct visualization of the appendix. If
appendicitis is confirmed, the surgeon may remove the appendix during the same procedure.

sURGICAL MANAGEMENT
Appendectomy:

Appendectomy is the most common surgical procedure for treating appendicitis. It involves the
removal of the inflamed appendix. There are two primary methods for performing an
appendectomy:
a. Open Appendectomy:
In an open appendectomy, the surgeon makes a single incision in the lower right abdomen. The
inflamed appendix is then removed, and the incision is closed with sutures or staples. This
method is effective and has been used for many years, but it may result in a larger scar and
longer recovery time compared to laparoscopic appendectomy.

b. Laparoscopic Appendectomy (Minimally Invasive Surgery):

this involves making several small incisions in the abdomen. A laparoscope (a thin, flexible tube
with a camera and surgical instruments) is inserted through these incisions, allowing the
surgeon to visualize the appendix and remove it. Laparoscopic surgery typically results in
smaller scars, less post-operative pain, and a quicker recovery compared to open surgery.
However, it may not be suitable for all cases, especially if the appendix is severely inflamed or
has already ruptured. So people find this approach more convenient.

● Acute pain related to the presence of postoperative wound appendectomy.

● Impaired nutrition less than body requirements related to reduced anorexia, nausea.
● Deficient knowledge about the care and diseases related to lack of information
● "Risk for Infection related to inflammatory process and surgical intervention."

Nursing management
Nursing management for appendicitis involves a series of interventions and care to support
patients who are experiencing inflammation of the appendix. Appendicitis is a medical
emergency, and timely diagnosis and surgical intervention are crucial. Nursing care plays a
critical role in preparing the patient for surgery, assisting with post-operative recovery, and
providing education and emotional support. Here is an overview of nursing management for
appendicitis:
Assessment: The nurse's first step is to assess the patient. This includes gathering information
about the patient's medical history, symptoms, and conducting a physical examination to check
for signs of appendicitis, such as tenderness in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Vital
signs should also be monitored regularly.

Pain Management: Pain is a common symptom in appendicitis. Administer pain relief as

prescribed by the physician, and assess the patient's pain level regularly. Non-pharmacological
methods such as positioning, heat therapy, or distraction techniques can be helpful as well.

NPO Status: Patients are usually made NPO (nothing by mouth) to prevent complications if
surgery is needed. Ensure the patient understands the importance of this and provide oral care
to maintain their comfort.

Nursing management for appendicitis requires close monitoring, prompt intervention, and
effective communication with the healthcare team. It is important to address the patient's
physical and emotional needs throughout the process, from the initial assessment to
post-operative recovery and beyond.

The notion that you can acquire appendicitis by running after eating is a common myth, but it is
not accurate. Appendicitis is typically caused by the inflammation of the appendix, a small organ
located in the lower right side of the abdomen. This inflammation is usually due to a blockage in
the appendix, such as by fecal material

Question:

1. This occurs when the appendix is completely obstructed, either because of a bacterial
infection, feces or other types of blockage. It develops very fast, usually in a span of
several days or hours.
Acute Appendicitis
2. Age considered a higher risk period for developing appendicitis.
10 - 30 y.o
3-4. Give two examples of diagnostic tests in appendicitis.
● Blood Tests
● Ultrasound imaging:
● CT Scan
● MRI
5. Give one surgical management for appendectomy
● Open Appendectomy
● Laparoscopic Appendectomy