c o n t r a cl

t aw :

-
All cases under expectation

judge
-General idea of
contract l aw is i t
t h at expectation is or
met not

concerned
right expectations.
The a re

e l e m e n ts
Important of contract:

①
Agreement
②
iegality
enforceable
-Agreement
l aw.
at

word

agreement
means:

①mutual is needed for of

exchange
as

property.
consent

② of
meeting
minds.

property rights),
or and breached,
it is
missing.
ownership
rights
this means consent Lit

mus to check ownership

rights:
te st

0
yo u can use it

② other
prevent from it.
using
Yo u can

③
Destroy
it
or transfer it.

enforceable
Agreement
l aw :
at

① Formation

② Per for mance

③
Remedies, if contract is breached and expectation a re met
not (IF problem in

For mation or per formance). ENFOSCIGDIC At

Agreement
Lau

Offer and

For matio Accept an e

Per formance

Remedies
 Disputes:

① N eve r wa n te d to enter

② Enter but the desired

agreement.
not

Agreement:
& reached not.

Agreement
consent or

② because decided
objectively.
However, consent
is an i n te r n a l matter, will
it be

necessity internally judges

Because of
sheer have to ↓ ecide w h at is in front

Or them

③ Intention to bind.

If it
is

display legal
-
statment
consent, a o f fe r.

party feeling
About what is
say
1 0 0 %c o n s e n t inter-

judges
don't k n ow

they
cannot as

nalty.

judgeobjectively.
internal have
judges
is
-consent and to

D eFn dent

Respondent.

x V Y CNAMES Par ties)

or

> Claimant (claim)

> plaintif
(bringing plaint

body.
case, first either of

goverment
is g ove r m e n t
coming
·
In a cri m i n al the name or a

-private is bow indivuals

operating
law

any
l aw

-public bow state, the indivual.

operating
l aw is law

any
-w h e n decision is be reversed, is
appeal"i n a b ove in
wanting
a to t h e re the court

heir
archy
is
right
-

Appeal n on
t atural

bringing
is apparent
-party
appeal

is

-party
respondent.
against appeal

ci t at i on te l l s where reported
original
-
the l aw wa s

Literal Offer is offer.

legal
-
not
a

bind that of situation.

geto u t
io means cannot the
you
-
 Position if
changed
-
can be there iS no contract.

-
A client
can m a ke o f fe r an d the menu is Invition to Offer.

made
offer, it offer is

legal
-Acceptance is then it

change
to
response to ro o m a
not

8 FF 5.

-T h e re is such as absolute ownership.

nothing
Smith
Hughes:
v

Not

genuine
-
a mistake

-
Problem in OFFr

is
Delivery acceptance.
-

delivery
Also the performance, as wa s completed.

rightrange propering reman

renting "ispose?
Not

when a case does not reach trick.

o but
fc o n t r a c t
judges
don't
see whats so
internally
claimant
get
-
can out courtwa s

held in favour defendent

of & contrac t was fulfilled for 65,000 pounds.
 because not
person
to
"Spcie

-> Storer

↳) contrac t per formance.

-
cour ts decision was in favour ofc l a i m a n t .
 it offer.
By maybe
-
it
means notan

-
Detention of offer and intention to bird.
 ↳) ofi n fo r m a t i o n .
supply

invention bind
willingness
-No to 58 no
offer, no to sell it

caimant offer accepted.

assuming
-
Dispute as is is

Precedent offer should be confused with

legal
that ofi n fo r m a t i o n .
supply
-
n ot

-A ofi n fo r m a t i o n be offer.
supply
can a

final but
telegram
-
c l a i m a n ts wa s an offer there was no
acceptance.
 LossnityPracing wetan
offer. Rues out

in

be classified as
↳canbeassite
↳I c a n accept

afanarter.Sitewithswobiteore
.

in

·Advertisment o f fe rs
generally
a re not

universal offe r

conduct.
-> Acceptance by of Acceptance.
wa s part
->
Buying Bind.
offer Intention
displaying
to
-> Adver tisment

displayed intention to Bird, hence offer

 Accept
ance:

- o f fe r is made up front, in response is the acceptance

-
OFFer in Literal verbal sense.

ofI n fo r m a t i o n is a 87 an offer.
-supply
-Does an offer need to communicated?

Generally
-
no

Acceptance made in response to offer:

① Intention to bind should be there.

orirreg:"","".
③ Acceptance will depend on n a t u re of
o f fe r

O r fe r
① within a bilateral contrac t

neccesary.
mot

-
wa i ve r o f fs

-
Postal Offer

8 FFy

Na +4 0
Requiremento f

objectively
Intention communication
generally

bind advertisement, An offer

supply
to m u st

information, be communicated.
always
or

y
-

Exception

3 to
respond to an OFFS:
ways
① Rejection offer
original
no stands.
longer
②
Binding.
Acceptance

③ offer
original
Counter Offer stands.
longer
no
 Acceptance

of
requirement
1a +4 8

objectively
In e n t i
+
Mir r88 communication

image
to bind An acceptance m u st

be communicated
always
exception

u n i l a te r a l contrac t postal acceptance waives of

OF GA D
right
40
1 a+ Tim to com m

OFF8 is which RESMIS unication.

u niversal based
Rights
probability
different in

Offer:m a d e entire
miscommuni-system.
to

worlds so communication is cations uncertai to

Right
-

An offer m u st

essential. Offer
nity. anything
When acceptance is

be communicated.
ways needed,
signed
offer becomes recieved,
your
not a it

Exception
unilateral with per for mance sent. So its
only
contract

is needed Offer accieved

your right
but
sent,

or n ot . OFFer finalized when to waive-

Acceptance is sent. r it or

n o t . All 3 exceptions can be

categori-

zed as waiver

-
An offer is made for a particular period of time.

-
An Open Offer > unlimited time

if have l oo ft i m e is n ot
deny acceptable.
can
court t a ke n which
your
a t
you
-
Enforcibility:
-For a
promise to be enforceable, s hould
it be backed
by something
of
economic value (except
gifts).
direction.
in
opposite
going
consideration
something going against
the is
promise

-consideration
required:
is

① cannotb e made without basis.

legal
So claims

② Filter
A for the cases.

③ for
judging
standard
A a serious case from a non serious case.

④ Transaction demands Respecto ft h e Court.

-consideration of
I ntention bind.
sign
is a to

of
giftdeed, enforceability
-on basis is a problem.

-
sale deed is void consideration.
without

Regarding
Rules consideration:

① Nominal value.

②
 decide
rightinfringment
is retail or not.
ordinary
it s ale n ot o
copy
-we a t h e r an or t

judges
job is
judge judge legality.
- to
not a value butt o transactions

-va l u e of offer is invalid if it has economic value

consideration be
must be sufficent need
but not a
dequate.

* 6P General
=

public

Enforcibility
is consideration
can
existing good
not
duty

duty,
I court
said has police went
a b ove their of
conflic t person, P
pay
as

manager
to
 person who made a will

Past
c onsideration notconsideration.
generally
promise in of
time hence past
corresponding
consideration not ter m consideration.

good
I c onsideration
past not consideration.

Issue of
u nfair ness ex i st
might
- not

no considerations no contrac tual variation.

 -
prac tical benefit

Realism
Legal
-

of

existing good
consideration

obligation
-per for mance contrac tual is contractual benefit.
not
except

=8 +8PPPC is an exception to the consideration defination

exception to consideration
Equitable
the

EstOppeL
 intention. someone
capacity:Ability
to produce contractual Applicable
Not on m i n o rs with medical impairment

-F

seriously. Capacity
of aurisdiction.
requirementions
is

having capacity
Not means t h al
t aw w i ll t a ke

you
not a

Intention c re a te relations
legal
to

common l aw has developed social an d commercial scenario due to precedent

If arises from social Scenario there is intention relations

agate
until
· a contrac t no to is al proven.

·If arises from commercial scenario there intention c re a te relations

legal
a contrac t to

&
Agreement Enforciability:
needed in

Things
n ot

① Mist a l

can't be statement of opinion.

② misrepresentation fa l l
A statment of
fa c t
that enduces someone to e n te r into contrac t

contrac t
negated
consent hence no

③ Durst/undue infuence relationship one of

disparity
ex i s t a n t p owe r

> Threat, fo rc e Pressure.

⑪
illegality.
used it

unfairly
Have
you

agreements enforcibility
regated.
-It under
signing
t h re a t ,

illegal, agreement
If is is due but

enrowcibility.
-
s u b st a n c there to mutual consent no

signed agreement regated.

-
If c o n t r a ci
t s under pressure, is

-
Intention of misrepresentation is not part of
contract
l aw

Innocent, fraudulent.
negligent,
-

miS +aRe:

-
unilateral mistake:

m a ke s m i st a ke

party
-one

the contract protects consents protection of expectation.

negate
-bodent as contrac t law mutual the mutual

mistake made because other induced the mistake.

party
-

-
B i l ate r al m i st a ke :

both
by
-
made par ties:

Omistakes re l ate s subject

matter fundamental
negatedsufficiency
to fundamental mistake so con t rac t to

negate
the contract.
②
Quality enough.
m i s t a ke Not a serious mistake, e ve n
Not mutual

①
Greatp e a c e
shipping
& Bell Us llvar brothers.

of
point dispute will rise dispute or multiple

grounds.
one
legal give
to

per formance:H ave car ried out ter ms.

you
Te r m s :promises, points

where are the ter ms Express terms (can see) (Face of the contrac t

found location) Implied terms

Fum previous
by dealing
s ale s of Goods Ac t :

① Reasonable
quality
② Fit For its purpose

How important / condition (Important) > purpose of contracl

t ost or not? then,
l o st vo i d
contract

(term performancel
damages.
condition I
serious the level
compensation or

monetry
is ter m a

warranty
not

null from

(Seriousness) ↓ Ce OF

need remind breach

things
to sir about:

①voidable I For mal be rendered form.

Arguing
b l ow parties unenforceable
agreement may
contract: t wo that

For power
[Arguing
of reasons. If with defect, then

legal
with contrac tation

party
number the accepts contrac ts

any
continues. (For mation Problem) Per formance

② u n e n fo rc e a b l e problem is
requires
void vo i d in both par ties

Inherently
con t rac t : con t rac t it one or

participate in different.
illegal
to an ac t.

③ per for mance:c o n t r a c t be p e r fo r m e d ser vice r ecieved

partially
par ticle in
might
contrac ts benefit increm

ents)
party
p e r fo r m s portion of
their
obligation
a
 of
bischarge
contract:

bound
discharged. by
A is it:
longer
contract No

① Due to breach of condition

② Frustration:per formance of possible situation has that of control of

longer
no
contrac t as a took place is out

Parties.

If is uncertain, for mation -re l a t e s ter ms.

certainity:
a contract the has a
problem to

completness:c o n t r a c t not complete as a whole

Ogo straight Argument

Recorders h ave done. in

arguments
-
to t a ke

per ② first
page day
conclusion

give
-one

③
judges,
emailed.
Engage
the what I am wan t to derive

you
-

basic ④ Struc ture is important of

arguments argument. Arguments.
-
s ke l a to n a re Series

>parallel of
-
Produce evidence but within evidence. ⑤
sequencial Argument arguments.
⑥ direction.
sequencial
=
x am!

(likely
Problem q u e st i o n s l i ke done in class fa c ts and then advice.

analyze give
-
and

outcomes precedent.
citing
-> maximum
pages.
2 -