The given problem is a heat equation with Neumann boundary conditions.

Step 1: Separate Variables

Assume that u(x, t) = X(x)T (t). Plugging this into the PDE, we get:

X ′′ (x)T (t) = X(x)T ′ (t)

Dividing both sides by X(x)T (t), we get:

X ′′ (x) T ′ (t)
X(x)
​
= T (t)
​
= −λ

Where λ is a separation constant.

This gives us two ordinary differential equations (ODEs):

X ′′ (x) + λX(x) = 0
T ′ (t) + λT (t) = 0

Step 2: Solve for X(x)

Given the boundary conditions:
−X ′ (0) = 0
−X ′ (π) = 0

For λ = 0, X(x) is constant, which doesn't work with our boundary conditions.

For λ> 0, solutions to X ′′ (x) + λX(x) = 0 are of the form:

X(x) = A cos( λ x) + B sin( λ x) ​ ​

Applying the boundary conditions, we find:

A=0
B λ cos( λ π ) = 0
​ ​

For non-trivial solutions, λn ​ = (2n − 1)2 /4 for n = 1, 2, ...

So, the solutions for Xn (x) are: ​

(2n−1)x
Xn (x) = sin (
​

2
​ )

Step 3: Solve for T(t)

From the ODE T ′ (t) + λT (t) = 0, the solutions are of the form:
−λt
T (t) = e
Therefore, Tn (t) ​ = e−λn t .
​

Step 4: Combine X(x) and T(t)

The general solution is a sum of our Xn and Tn : ​ ​

∞ (2n−1)x
u(x, t) = ∑n=1 bn sin ( ​ ​

2 ​ ) e−λn t
​

Using the initial condition u(x, 0) = f (x), we can find:

π (2n−1)x
bn =
​ ∫0 ​ f (x) sin ( 2 ​ ) dx

Step 5: Energy Inequality for Uniqueness

Consider the energy:
1 π
E(t) = ∫
2 0
​ u2 (x, t)dx

Differentiating with respect to t, using the given equation and integrating by parts (remembering
the Neumann conditions), we find:

dE
dt
​ ≤0

This implies the energy is non-increasing. If there were two different solutions with the same initial
condition, their difference would also satisfy the same IBVP, but with zero initial data. The energy of
the difference would be non-increasing, but starting from zero. The only way this is possible is if
the difference is identically zero. This proves uniqueness.

That's a broad outline of how you'd approach this problem!