NAME: ABRERA, PRINCESS C.

PROGRAM; YEAR; SECTION: BSID-1A

INSTRUCTOR: HARRIETTE MAE A. MERCULLO

TECHNICAL WRITING ACROSS PROFESSIONS

1. What are the types of proposal?

- There are 6 types of proposal the formal and informal proposal, Solicited Proposals, Unsolicited
Proposals, Internal Proposals, External Proposals . Informal proposals are often written to an internal
audience, usually from one to ten pages, with a flexible organizational plan and less formal language.
They may also be written to an external audience if the subject matter and proposed solution are
simple and require little explanation. Formal proposal, on the other hand usually address an external
and unfamiliar audience. Solicited Proposals: an organization identifies a situation or problem that it
wants to improve or solve and issues an RFP (Request for Proposals) asking for proposals on how to
address it. The requesting organization will vet proposals and choose the most convincing one, often
using a detailed scoring rubric or weighted objectives chart to determine which proposal best responds
to the request. Unsolicited Proposals: a writer perceives a problem or an opportunity and takes the
initiative to propose a way to solve the problem or take advantage of the opportunity (without being
requested to do so). This can often be the most difficult kind of proposal to get approved. Internal
Proposals: these are written by and for someone within the same organization. Since both the writer
and reader share the same workplace context, these proposals are generally shorter than external
proposals, and usually address some way to improve a work-related situation (productivity, efficiency,
profit, etc.). As internal documents, they are often sent as memos, or introduced with a memo if the
proposal is lengthy. External Proposals: these are sent outside of the writer’s organization to a
separate entity (usually to solicit business). Since these are external documents, they are usually sent
as a formal report (if long), introduced by a cover letter (letter of transmittal). External proposals are
usually sent in response to a Request for Proposals, but not always.

2. What are the proposals formats?

◾ Determine whether you have a problem or need.

◾ If you do, defi ne the problem or need and your purpose.

◾ Conduct preliminary research.

◾ Determine the scope and limitations of your study.

◾ Identify the factors or subparts of the problem or need.

◾ Brainstorm possible solutions.

◾ Gather data to support the possible solutions.

◾ If possible, test and evaluate the solutions

3. What are the parts of formal proposal? Informal proposal? Discuss the content of each part.

• Formal Proposal
- Letter or Memo of Transmittal
- The letter or memo of transmittal is an official greeting and introduction of the document to
the reader. It should accompany a proposal when addressing an external audience and a
memo when addressing an internal audience.

- Title Page
- The title page of a formal proposal should be clear, accurate, complete, and precise, using
white space to make the page attractive.

- Table of Contents
- The table of contents should be designed to be attractive, easy to read, and clear. The words
Table of Contents should be boldfaced and centered at the top of the page. The list of
contents should start at the left margin under the title and visually demonstrate relationships
between ideas.

- List of Illustrations
- The list of illustrations should begin with the words List of Illustrations (using initial caps
and bold-faced type) at the left margin under the last entry in the table of contents. Provide
the label, number, and descriptive title of the graphic on the left and the page on which the
illustration is located on the right.

- Executive Summary (or Abstract)* Works Cited

- The executive summary of a proposal should be centered at the top of the page, with the
words “Executive Summary” or “Abstract” in all capital letters and boldfaced type. It should
contain two to four paragraphs on a page, and should be written after the rest of the report. It
is designed for busy executives who want the story quickly and only the essential
information. However, proposal writers should plan the summary for all readers, not just
executives.

- Introduction
- The most important details in this text are the introduction, body of discussion, and
conclusion. In long reports, each major section heading may begin a new, separate part of the
formal proposal, with each section starting on a new page with the heading name, such as
Introduction, in all capital letters and boldfaced type centered at the top of the page. In shorter
reports, the entire body may flow from one section to another without page breaks. The
introduction is the framework that prepares readers for the body of the proposal, answering
the questions what and why. It should state the problem and a solution or alternative
solutions, summarize the situation and the proposer’s qualifications, include information
about your company and personnel that will enhance the credibility of your proposal, and
communicate in a way that administrators, managers, technical experts, and financial
managers can understand.

- Body (or Discussion)

- The Body of a formal proposal is the crux of the argument, explaining how the technical data
proves that the solution will work. It should include methods for carrying out the project,
tasks, time schedules, personnel, facilities, and equipment. The budget should clearly show
and justify the costs, and the graphics should enhance the text of the proposal. The body of
the proposal is most often read by technical experts, who expect precise, accurate, and up-to-
date information.

- Conclusion (or Summary)

 - Be concise and direct when writing the conclusion of a formal proposal, not adding to the
sales pitch. Instead, summarize your most convincing points regarding the importance of the
project and the benefits of the solution and suggest a course of action.

- Glossary
- The most important details in this text are that a glossary should be designed to be easy to
read, with asterisks, italics, and other highlighting techniques used to designate words
appearing in the glossary. A footnote or parenthetical note should be placed beside the first
entry telling readers they can find definitions in the glossary. At the top of the glossary page,
center the title Glossary and make the entry word stand out by using boldface or columns.
Alphabetize all words, acronyms, and symbols, as dictionaries do. Consider the needs of your
readers when choosing the words to defi ne and determine the extent of the definitions. Use
language the readers will understand and consider including graphic aids if they will help
readers understand the proposal.

- Appendixes
- An appendix is material that is not a primary part of the proposal and should be referred to in
the body of the proposal. Each appendix should be labeled with the word Appendix and given
a letter or number and a descriptive title.

- Works Cited
- If your proposal uses ideas or text from a source you need to credit, prepare
works cited or documentation pages according to the guidelines of the style
manual you are using. Consult the style manual your organization or the
RFP requires and follow it precisely.

• Informal Proposal
- Introduction/ Background
- The introduction addresses the “why” in the reader’s mind. It explains why the proposal was
written. You must first recognize the issue. Another crucial feature of the introduction is your
space, equipment, money, or staff).Image Source/Getty Images offered solution to the
problem. This assertion needs to be succinct but clear. Later, in the body, you will provide
further details and justify your proposal. introduction further explains your objectives, or
what you hope to accomplish, and clarifies the value of the work and why it is worth the
investment you seek. You also may need to include a brief background of the problem in this
section.
- Body
- The body of the informal proposal is when you go more specific about your idea after
introducing the issue and potential remedy. The evidence you employ to convince your
audience is the specific information—facts, figures, statistics, dates, locations, and costs.
- Conclusion
- Developing the Conclusion, the conclusion should be simple and succinct. It should urge the
audience to act and may provide a summary of important topics, such as those listed in the
overview section. Include dates, timeframes, and sums in the call to action to make it clear
and specific.