INTEGERS

WHAT ARE INTEGERS?

 The word integer originated from the Latin word “Integer” which means whole or intact.
 An integer is a number with no decimal or fractional part, from the set of negative and positive
numbers, including zero.
 A set of integers, which is represented as Z, includes:
 Positive Integers: An integer is positive if it is greater than zero. Also called natural
numbers or counting numbers.
Example: 1, 2, 3,...
 Negative Integers: An integer is negative if it is less than zero.
Example: -1, -2, -3,...
 Zero is defined as neither negative nor positive integer, thus has no sign. It is a whole
number.

CLASSIFICATION OF INTEGERS

Integers

Negative Numbers Whole Numbers

Zero Positive Numbers

ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS ON INTEGERS

2. SUBTRACTION OF INTEGERS

Remember that:
 Subtraction is the opposite operations of addition.
 The terms of subtraction are called minuend and subtrahend, the outcome or result is called
the difference.
 The minuend is the first number, it is the number from which you take something.
 The subtrahend is the second number, it is the number that is subtracted.
 The difference is the result of the subtraction.
Example:
4−3=1

difference
To subtract two integers, rewrite the subtraction expression as the first number plus the
subtrahend
opposite of the second number.
minuend

Examples:First number −¿ Second number ¿ First number +¿ Second number

8 −¿ 15 ¿ 8 +¿ (-15) ¿ -7
8 −¿ (-15) ¿ 8 +¿ 15 ¿ 23
-8 −¿ 15 ¿ -8 +¿ (-15) ¿ -23
-8 −¿ (-15) ¿ -8 +¿ 15 ¿ 7
LET’S PRACTICE!
1. Find the value of (-15) – 75.
Solution:
 Write the given expression (-15) – 75
 Change the subtraction sign into an ¿ (-15) +¿ 75
addition sign
 Take the opposite of the second ¿ (-15) +¿ (-75)
number (opposite of 75 is -75)
 Add and write the sign of the ¿ -90
greater number
2. Subtract: 13 – 5.
Solution:
 Write the given expression 13 – 5
 Change the subtraction sign into an ¿ 13 +¿ 5
addition sign
 Take the opposite of the second ¿ 13 +¿ (-5)
number (opposite of 5 is -5)
 Add and write the sign of the ¿ 8
greater number

TRY THIS!
Directions: Fill in the blanks: Complete the missing part by using subtraction of integers.
1. 8 – 9 ¿¿
2. (-5) – 9 ¿¿
3. (-4) – (-6) ¿¿
4. (-9) – ___ ¿ 15
5. ___ – 27 ¿ -27