Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ebook 50 Textos Com Audio em Ingles
Ebook 50 Textos Com Audio em Ingles
com
Olá.
Que legal você ter adquirido este e-book! Como você sabe, a prática de listening é primordial
para a aquisição da fluência em inglês.
Este livro é composto por 50 textos retirados de publicações originais em língua inglesa; cada
um deles é acompanhado por um arquivo de áudio, que pode ser baixado para ouvir em qual-
quer lugar.
São textos com assuntos dos mais diversos: música, cinema, negócios, política, religião... Basta
escolher um título pelo índice e clicar. Pronto, você terá um texto sobre o tema em sua tela. Além
disso, todos eles possuem um previous vocabulary com a tradução dos termos mais complexos
para te ajudar caso você precise.
Ainda, se você quiser mais dicas super legais para melhorar seu inglês, me acompanhe:
- no Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN2OUg63KFlO-ekI01y0NVg ; e
- no Instagram: @jonas.bressan https://www.instagram.com/jonas.bressan/ ;
- no Telegram: https://t.me/inglesvipcomjonasbressan
É claro que este material está disponível para que você o utilize da maneira que você achar
melhor. Porém, tem algumas técnicas que podem te ajudar muito e fazer com que você tenha um
máximo aproveitamento deste material.
Aqui vão elas:
1. Sem ler o texto, escute o áudio completo 2 vezes, prestando atenção e tentando entender o
máximo possível;
2. Escute novamente o áudio mas, desta vez, acompanhando o texto escrito.
3. Leia todo o texto, fazendo anotações e procurando pelas palavras que você não conhece, até
que você o tenha compreendido completamente.
4. Escute o áudio acompanhando o texto escrito novamente.
5. Escute mais uma vez o áudio, sem ler o texto.
6. Escute o mesmo texto outras vezes para uma melhor fixação.
Garanto que, se você seguir essas dicas passo a passo, vai conseguir reter mais vocabulário, me-
lhorar seu entendimento e, consequentemente, até mesmo sua pronúncia.
Bora praticar!
Jonas Bressan
Inglês do Jonas by Beway
Page 2
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Summary
Text 2 - Guns'n'Roses............................................................................................................................................. 7
Text 8 - 5 major differences between the lives of millennials and baby boomers............................... 22
Text 10 - Almost One Third of Americans Don't Trust the Media: Poll..................................................... 28
Text 14 - Thriller................................................................................................................................................... 38
Text 24 - Resumés................................................................................................................................................ 63
Page 3
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Text 36 - Prison may not work for them, but it works for us..................................................................... 93
Text 42 - Seven activities that are far more dangerous than you think................................................107
Who better to judge the best movies of all time than the people who make them? Studio chiefs,
Oscar winners and TV royalty all were surveyed as THR publishes its first definitive entertain-
ment-industry ranking of cinema's most superlative.
Is it wrong to already declare this the No. 1 movie list of all time?
After all, there are other movie lists. Lots and lots of others. So many lists, you couldn't list them
all. But this is the first to ask the entertainment industry itself to pick its choices for the best pic-
tures ever made. In May, THR sent an online ballot all over town — to every studio, agency, publi-
city firm and production house on either side of the 405. Not everybody was initially thrilled to
participate.
"I reject the idea," Breaking Bad creator Vince Gilligan told THR. "To me, it's the equivalent of
having a party-size bag of Nacho Doritos, then being told to eat only five." In the end, though, he
sent in his favorites (one of which is 1961's Yojimbo), as did a total of 2,120 industry members,
including Fox chief Jim Gianopulos, Disney's Alan Horn, director Gary Ross, producer Frank Mar-
shall, Warners' Sue Kroll, agent Robert Newman, attorney John Burke, filmmaker John Singleton
and many more. These are the results: the greatest movies ever made, according to Hollywood.
There are some surprises here. It's a far more commercial list than the usual critics' picks. Who
knew, for instance, that Back to the Future would get more love than Lawrence of Arabia? There
also are shocking omissions — The 400 Blows, La Dolce Vita, The Gold Rush and dozens of other
undeniably great films. And there are interesting differences of opinion along professional divi-
des: Directors, writers and agents all agreed on their choice for the greatest movie ever (hint: It
rhymes with "Schmodfather"), while cinematographers chose 2001: A Space Odyssey and enter-
tainment lawyers, the big softies, picked The Shawshank Redemption.
Page 5
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
20 – It's a Wonderful Life, directed by Frank Capra in 1946, with James Stewart and Donna Lee;
19 – The Goodfellas, directed by Martin Scorsese in 1990, with Robert De Niro, Ray Liotta and Joe Pesci;
18 – Annie Hall, directed by Woody Allen in 1977, with Woody Allen himself and Diane Keaton;
17 – Apocalipse Now, directed by Francis Ford Coppola in 1979, with Martin Sheen, Marlon Brando and
Robert Duvall;
16 – To Kill a Mocking Bird, directed by Robert Mulligan in 1962, with Gregory Peck and Robert Duvall;
15 – Gone with the Wind, directed by Victor Fleming in 1939, with Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh;
14 – Forrest Gump, directed by Robert Zemeckis in 1994, with Tom Hanks;
13 – Raiders of the Lost Ark, directed by Steven Spilberg in 1981, with Harrison Ford and Karen Allen;
12 – Back to the Future, directed by Robert Zemeckis in 1985, with Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd;
11 – Star Wars, directed by George Lucas in 1977, with Mark Hamill, Carrie Fisher and Harrison Ford;
10 – Schindler's List, directed by Steven Spilberg in 1993, with Liam Neeson, Ralph Fiennes and Bem
kingsley;
9 – 2001: a Space Odyssey, directed by Stanley Kubric in 1968, with Keir Dullea, Gary Lockwood and
William Sylvester;
8 – E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial, directed by Steven Spilberg in 1982, with Henry Thomas and Drew Barry-
more;
7 – The Godfather, Part II, directed by Francis Ford Coppola in 1974, with Al Pacino, Robert De Niro, Ro-
bert Duvall and Diane Keaton;
6 – Casablanca, directed by Michael Curtiz in 1942, with Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman;
5 – Pulp Fiction, directed by Quentin Tarantino in 1994, with John Travolta, Uma Thurman, Samuel L. Jack-
son and Bruce Willis;
4 – The Shawshank Redemption, directed by Frank Darabont in 1994, with Tim Robbins and Morgan Free-
man;
3 – Citizen Kane, directed by Orson Welles in 1941, with Orson Welles himself, Joseph Cotten and Doro-
thy Comingore;
2 – The Wizard of Oz, directed by Victor Fleming, with Judy Garland;
And finally:
1 – The Godfather, directed by Francis Ford Coppola in 1972, with Marlon Brando, Al Pacino and Robert
Duvall.
Questions:
Page 6
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Text 2 - Guns'n'Roses
Previous vocabulary
To revive(d) – reviver Root – raiz
To hand(ed) – entregar Jealous – ciumento, com ciúme
To impress(d) – impressionar Audience – audiência, plateia
To touch(ed) – tocar, encostar Teleprompter – teleprompter
To wonder(ed) – imaginar Basically – basicamente
To top(ped) – superar Thrill – emoção, sensação
To twist(ed) – torcer, tocar Technique – técnica
To dig, dug, dug – cavar, escavar Overblown – exagerado
To break, broke, broken – quebrar Gymnastics – ginástica
To open up – abrir, fazer a abertura Stuff – coisas
To put across – transmitir, expressar Tasty – de bom gosto
To put it another way – em outras palavras Fairly – bastante
Let out of the cage – solto da jaula Unstoppable – imparável
Have got – ter Gang – gangue
Mic stand – suporte para microfone Forward – para frente
Chorus lines – frases do refrão Chord – acorde
Opposed to – ao contrário de Rebellious – rebelde
Copy – cópia
Guns'n'Roses
By Joe Perry
Guns n' Roses revived our kind of rock. I remember someone handing me a copy of Appetite
for Destruction and saying, "You've got to hear these guys — they're the new big thing." Bands
like Bon Jovi and Whitesnake were big then, but Guns n' Roses were different. They dug down a
little deeper into rock's roots. I heard a lot of Aerosmith in them, which meant I also heard a lot
of bands that came before us. And I remember being a little jealous, because they were really
hitting the nail on the head.
They opened up for us in 1988, and one of the things that impressed me was how much perso-
nality they put across, even when they weren't playing. Axl knew how to work an audience. They
used to have to go out there and tape foam rubber around everything that Axl could touch —
from his teleprompter to his mic stand — to make sure he wouldn't break anything, or hurt him-
self. I think people saw that he was basically just let out of the cage. Part of the thrill was wonde-
ring what he was going to do next.
They were called metal at the time, but they weren't: Metal isn't sexy, but rock is. To put it ano-
ther way: You can have the rock, but you need the roll. Songs like "Paradise City" and "Welcome
to the Jungle" were just simple enough; the chorus lines came right when you wanted them.
Slash plays what's needed for the song, as opposed to trying to make the tune a showcase for
his technique. Guns n' Roses' music wasn't full of the overblown gymnastics that a lot of guys
were doing then — their stuff is just very tasty. Duff McKagan is like the bass player in AC/DC:
His parts were fairly simple, but they made the band an unstoppable force. Izzy Stradlin was also
important. Guns n' Roses played as a gang, which is just what you want.
Guns n' Roses are still an example of how a band can move rock forward. Sometimes you think,
Page 7
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
"How can you top anything by the Yardbirds, or Zeppelin, or the Stones?" And then you hear
Guns n' Roses, and it's inspiring. You can think that it's all been written, but it hasn't. There's ano-
ther way to twist those three chords around, to make it sound new, fresh and rebellious.
www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/100-greatest-artists-147446/guns-n-roses-9-82042/
Questions:
Page 8
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 9
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
moviegoers of all ages and made hundreds of millions of dollars at the box office. The 1980s was
also the heyday of the teen movie. Films like “The Breakfast Club,” “Some Kind of Wonderful”
and “Pretty in Pink” are still popular today.
At home, people watched family sitcoms like “The Cosby Show,” “Family Ties,” “Roseanne” and
“Married...with Children.” They also rented movies to watch on their new VCRs. By the end of the
1980s, 60 percent of American television owners got cable service–and the most revolutionary
cable network of all was MTV, which made its debut on August 1, 1981. The music videos the
network played made stars out of bands like Duran Duran and Culture Club and made megastars
out of artists like Michael Jackson (1958-2009), whose elaborate "Thriller" video helped sell
600,000 albums in the five days after its first broadcast. MTV also influenced fashion: People
across the country (and around the world) did their best to copy the hairstyles and fashions they
saw in music videos. In this way, artists like Madonna (1958-) became (and remain) fashion icons.
As the decade wore on, MTV also became a forum for those who went against the grain or were
left out of the yuppie ideal. Rap artists such as Public Enemy channeled the frustration of ur-
ban African Americans into their powerful album “It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back.”
Heavy metal acts such as Metallica and Guns N' Roses also captured the sense of malaise among
young people, particularly young men. Even as Reagan maintained his popularity, popular cultu-
re continued to be an arena for dissatisfaction and debate throughout the 1980s.
www.history.com/topics/1980s/1980s
Questions:
1- What is a yuppie?
2- How do some people deride yuppies?
3- What was the most revolutionary TV network in the 80's?
4- Who was the most popular American president in the 80's?
5- Were yuppies more consumerist than their parents and grandparents?
Page 10
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
Page 11
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Questions:
Page 12
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Whether you like it or not, here are 30 random facts about the show:
1- Creator Matt Groening named the characters after his own family members but substituted
"Bart" for his own name. Matt's parents are named Homer and Marge, and his sisters are named
Maggie and Lisa. Bart was going to be named after Matt, but instead Bart was chosen as it is an
anagram of "brat".
2- Bart's full name is Bartholomew Jojo Simpson;
3- Milhouse's middle name is Mussolini. He has an Italian grandmother and speaks Italian
fluently;
4- Comic Book Guy's real name is Jeff Albertson;
5- Homer's email address is ChunkyLover53@aol.com;
6- In the Arabic version of The Simpsons, Homer is called Omar Shamshoom. In such episodes
Homer drinks soda instead of beer, and eats Egyptian beef sausages instead of hot dogs. The
show is known as al-Shamshoon;
7- Smithers was originally drawn as African-American. Writers thought it was too much having a
character who was both gay and black, so changed his skin colour but kept him gay;
8- Of Krusty the Clown's resemblance to Homer, Groening once said: "The satirical conceit that
I was going for at the time was that 'The Simpsons' was about a kid who had no respect for his
father but worshiped a clown who looked exactly like his father";
9- Originally, Krusty was going to be Homer's secret identity – that's why the two look similar
and share mannerisms. However, it was decided that was too complex a storyline to write into
the show.
10- Homer's signature "D'oh!" has been added to the Oxford English Dictionary, and an expres-
sion he frequently uses has inspired a much-quoted toast: "To alcohol! The cause of, and solution
to, all of life's problems."
Page 14
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
11- Both "enbigger" and "cromulent" are words invented by The Simpsons, and have now been
used in scholarly articles and are in the dictionary;
12- Bart is voiced by a woman, Nancy Cartwright. In an opening sequence during the show's se-
cond season, Bart wrote on the chalkboard, "I am not a 32-year-old woman" (Cartwright's age at
the time).
13- Apart from working at the nuclear power plant, Homer has had 187 other jobs over the cour-
se of the show.
14- The Simpsons released an album in 1990 and the lead single “Do the Bartman” was a worl-
dwide hit. It Was co-produced by Michael Jackson, who also provided background vocals and was
a big fan of the show.
15- Bart's locker combination is 36-24-26, the numbers from AC/DC's "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt
Cheap"
16- Lionel Hutz says he has a law degree from Princeton, a university that does not, in fact, offer
law degrees.
17- The town of Springfield was named for its generic Anywhereness (there are Springfields in
30 U.S. states). Over various episodes, the town's geography has contained rivers, deserts, far-
mland, mountains or whatever the story requires.
18- The characters' distinctive yellow hue was chosen in part to make the show stand out when
someone was flipping through TV channels for something to watch.
19- Time Magazine named it the best TV show of the 20th century and in 1998, it named Bart
Simpson one of the most influential people of the century;
20- An official version of Duff beer, Homer's favorite brew, is sold in three variations near The
Simpsons Ride at Universal Studios.
21- In the show's early-'90s heyday, school principals around the country banned Bart Simpson
T-shirts, fearing he was a bad role model.
22- . It took Danny Elfman three days to compose the show's opening theme song. He's called it
the most popular piece of music of his career.
23- Michael Jackson guest-starred as a mental patient during a third-season episode, "Stark
Raving Dad," in which Homer Simpson is sent to a mental institution. For contractual reasons, he
was credited as John Jay Smith.
24- Exiled WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange guest-starred as himself on an episode in the
show's 23rd season. He recorded his lines over the phone from the Ecuadorian embassy in Bri-
tain, where he has been granted asylum.
25- Among the celebrities who have turned down guest-starring roles on the show, according
to creators' comments on the DVDs, are Bruce Springsteen, Bob Dylan, Michael Caine, Tom Cruise,
Clint Eastwood, Anthony Hopkins, Quentin Tarantino and Prince.
26- Homer once had a theory that the universe was shaped like a donut. The theory has some
validity, according to cosmologists.
27- Fox owns the rights to the show until 2082.
28- When all the McBain scenes from the show are played back to back, they form a coherent
movie;
29- The couch gag is a way to adjust the show's running time to the necessary length. If it's a
particularly short episode, they make a longer couch gag, like that extra-long circus-themed one
that literally everybody remembers.
30- Showrunner Al Jean wants to end the final episode of The Simpsons with the arrival at a
Christmas pageant. This is how the first episode started, and would make the entire show one
continuous loop;
Adapted from:
www.edition.cnn.com/2014/12/17/showbiz/tv/the-simpsons-25-years-feat/index.html
www.buzzfeed.com/jemimaskelley/al-shamshoon
www.factslides.com/s-The-Simpsons
Page 15
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Questions
1- Who created The Simpsons?
2- Who were the characters named after?
3- What's Bart's full name?
4- What's Milhouse full name?
5- What's Homer's name in the Arabic version of the show?
6- Why does Krusty the Clown resembles Homer so much?
7- Has the show ever contributed to English dictionaries?
8- Why do The Simpsons live in a city called Springfield?
9- Can you name some famous people who have guest-starred the show?
Page 16
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
To mention(ed) – mencionar Grossing – arrecadação
To learn(ed) – saber Figures – números
To match(ed) – corresponder, estar à altura Major – maior
To earn(ed) – ganhar Hype – atenção, exaltação
To estimate(d) – estimar Release – lançamento
To generate(d) – gerar Category – categoria
To reach(ed) – alcançar Mobile – móvel
To premiere(d) – estrear Mobile phone – telefone celular
To be worth – valer Segment – seguimento
To surpass(ed) – ultrapassar Respectively – respectivamente
To outperform(ed) – superar Snake – cobra, serpente
To classify(ied) – classificar Addicting – viciante
To account(ed) – contabilizar Pre-installed – pré-instalado
To interrupt(ed) – interromper Trend – tendência
To switch(ed) – mudar Console – console
To pave(d) – pavimentar Development – desenvolvimento
To describe(d) – descrever Connectivity – conectividade
To pave the way – pavimentar o caminho Advancement – avanço
To rake in – arrecadar Accessible – acessível
Top-grossing – maior receita Niche – nicho
Gross revenue – receita bruta Understatement – eufemismo
Cloud gaming – jogo em nuvem Booming – em crescimento
Augmented reality – realidade aumentada Room – espaço
Niche Market – mercado de nicho, segmentado Wide room – amplo espaço
Over the years – com o passar dos anos Growth – crescimento
Glitz and glamour – brilho e glamour Continuous – contínuo
Coupled with – junto com Innovation – inovação
As a matter of fact – aliás Offering – oferta
By comparison – em comparação Bright – brilhante
Revenue – receita Bright future – futuro brilhante
Surprised – surpreso Rapid – rápido
Although – embora Rise – ascensão
Sector – setor Realm – reino, domínio
Page 17
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
When one mentions the entertainment industry, most people would think about films and music.
Many people watch the Oscars, Grammys, Golden Globes, MTV Video Music Awards, BRIT Awards,
etc.
Of course, there is a lot of glitz and glamour in the film and music industries. But would you be
surprised to learn that these two are not the Top-grossing sectors in entertainment?
As a matter of fact, these two put together do not even match half the revenue the video game
industry is earning. According to the latest figures, the video game business is now larger than
both the movie and music industries combined, making it a major industry in entertainment.
This year, the global games market is estimated to generate US$152.1 billion from 2.5 billion ga-
mers around the world. By comparison, the global box office industry was worth US$41.7 billion
while global music revenues reached US$19.1 billion in 2018.
Consider the top blockbuster movie to date, Avengers: Endgame. When it premiered on April 16,
it raked in over US$858,373,000 during its opening weekend. It even surpassed last year's Aven-
gers: Infinity War, which generated US$678,815,482 in gross revenue.
But while these films received so much attention and hype from the general public, they failed
to outperform the highest-grossing entertainment launch in history, Grand Theft Auto V's release
back in 2013, which earned US$1 billion in just over three days. Glitz and glamor, after all, don't
directly translate to bigger profits.
The video game industry can be classified into three main categories – PC, mobile, and console
gaming.
Mobile gaming, which includes smartphone and tablet gaming, is the largest segment, accoun-
ting for US$68.5 billion of the total estimated revenue this year, up by 10.2 percent from 2018.
Console gaming is estimated to generate US$47.9 billion in revenues, up 13.4 percent from last
year, while PC gaming is seen earning US$35.7 billion, up 4 percent.
Mobile gaming is expected to take up 59 percent of the global video game market by 2021, whi-
le console and PC gaming will have 22 percent and 19 percent respectively.
Clearly, mobile gaming has gone a long way since its birth in 1997 when the addicting Snake was
pre-installed in over 400 million Nokia phones.
Although mobile gaming was interrupted for several years when the trend switched back to what
was known as the “console wars”, over the years, the development of the smartphone, coupled
with advancements in the internet and connectivity, has paved the way for more exciting gaming
experience with the RPG (role-playing game) and MMORPG (massively multiplayer online role-
-paying game) becoming more accessible to mobile phones.
Page 18
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Gaming is no longer just a hobby, and to describe it as a niche market is an understatement. It's a
booming industry with very wide room for growth. And with continuous innovation and the laun-
ching of more game offerings, we can only envision a very bright future for the gaming industry.
The rapid rise of technology will bring the industry to other realms such as cloud gaming, VR
(virtual reality) gaming, and AR (augmented reality) gaming.
Adapted from:
www.ejinsight.com/20191022-video-game-industry-silently-taking-over-entertainment-world/
Questions:
1- Do you believe people will still buy game consoles in the future?
2- Do you think more people will play video games in the future?
3- Would you say video games are children stuff?
4- What do you think of vintage video games?
5- Do you believe people can learn playing video games?
6- What are the effects video games have on children?
7- Do you think violent games can lead to violence in real life?
Notes
Page 19
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
To refer(ed) (to) – referir-se (a) Update – atualização
To compel(led) – compelir, obrigar Profile – perfil
To interfere(d) – interferir Excess – excesso
To check(ed) – verificar Excessive – excessivo
To stalk(ed) – seguir, perseguir Dependency – dependência
To conclude(d) – concluir Fondness – afeição, gosto
To record(ed) – gravar, anotar Random – aleatório
To follow(ed) – seguir Stranger – estranho
To rank(ed) – classificar Cigarette – cigarro
To scan(ned) – escanear Alcohol – álcool
To stimulate(d) – estimular Booze – álcool
To observe(d) – observar Experimente – experimento
To cause(d) – causar Cravings – desejo
To consider(ed) – considerar Ahead – à frente
To theorize(d) – teorizar Self-disclosure – falar de si mesmo
To impair(ed) – prejudicar Functional – funcional
To add(ed) – adicionar Pleasure – prazer
To spread, spread, spread – espalhar Center – centro
To lead, led, led – levar Clinicians – clínicos
To cross the line – cruzar a linha, passar dos Symptoms – sintomas
limites Anxiety – ansiedade
Back then – naquela época Disorder – problema, desordem
To hook up – colocar Lack – falta
For hours on end – por horas a fio Data – dados
Addiction – vício Phenomenon – fenômeno
Addicted – viciado (adjetivo) Performance – desempenho
Addict – viciado (substantivo) Relationship – relacionamento
Harmful – prejudicial Pathological – patológico
Damaging – danoso, prejudicial Bible – bíblia
Context – contexto So far – até agora
Compulsion – compulsão As of – até
Addiction usually refers to compulsive behavior that leads to negative effects. In most addic-
tions, people feel compelled to do certain activities so often that they become a harmful habit,
which then interferes with other important activities such as work or school.
In that context, a social networking addict could be considered someone with a compulsion to
use social media to excess — constantly checking facebook status updates or "stalking" people's
Page 20
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Adapted from:
www.lifewire.com/what-is-social-networking-addiction-2655246
Questions:
1- What is an addiction?
2- What would a social networking addict be like?
3- What did researchers from Chicago University conclude?
4- What did researchers from Harvard University do?
5- What symptoms have clinicians observed in people who spend too much time online?
6- When did people start writing about internet addiction disorder?
7- Has the American Psychological Association added internet addiction to the oficial medical
bible of disorders?
Page 21
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
Page 22
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Millennials are America's biggest generation, with 95 million members in their 20s and 30s.
They're mostly the children of baby boomers — now America's second largest generation. Yet
millennials differ from their parents in several key ways, and the cohort is rewriting the rules for
everything from marriage to employment to the food industry.
Here are five of the biggest ways millennials live differently than their parents' generation.
Millennials are all about big city living and the cost of living that comes with it.
Educated millennials especially tend to move to more expensive urban centers. Unlike baby
boomers and their parents, who migrated to the suburbs en masse, millennials find happiness in
cities, according to a Regional Studies report. Larger, more urban environments offer millennials
the perks of diversity, economic opportunities, entertainment, safety, and a feeling of status.
When baby boomers were in their 20s and 30s, on the other hand, they aspired more to live in
suburban homes in smaller, pastoral regions. Today, millennials are the first generation to be
more happy with urban life than rural life. Unlike baby boomers, they are least happy in places
with fewer than 8,000 people. And millennials are the only generation that's happier living in
places with 250,000 or more people.
Compared to baby boomers, millennials are more motivated by their ability to make an impact
wherever they work. According to a Global Report survey, 74% of millennial job candidates want
a job where they feel like their work matters.
They also want the potential for growth and promotion: The Addison Group found that more than
67% of millennials want to reach manager status, compared to just 58% of the overall workfor-
ce. They're also less afraid than previous generations to change jobs or work independently.
Page 23
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Baby boomers, meanwhile, are driven more by loyalty, and they're more likely to work for the
same company for long periods of time — a 2016 poll found 40% of boomers stayed with an
employer for at least 20 years, and 18% stayed for 30 years or more.
3 – Millennials are more health-conscious — and they're driving tastes in the food industry.
4 – They have less money than their parents, and they're slower to buy homes.
In the last decade, the percentage of millennial homeowners and renters has steadily declined.
This may be due to the fact that as a whole, millennials have less money than their parents did
at the same age. According to the Federal Reserve, millennials have lower earnings, fewer assets,
and less wealth compared to baby boomers.
A study by the Pew Research Center found that “millennial households are earning more than
previous generations did at their age nearly any time in the past 50 years.” So what does this
mean? Overall, as individuals, millennials are making less money, but income for married cou-
ples (household incomes) is up.
When it comes to spending, millennials are slower to own homes than previous generations.
Growing up through the evictions and foreclosure notices of the 2008 financial crisis, millennials
spend more money than their predecessors on high rent prices and paying off student loans.
Research from a Charles Schwab report found that instead of mortgages, millennials are more
likely to spend their paychecks on transportation like Ubers and Lifts, coffee, gadgets, clothes,
and live entertainment and sports.
But millennials are less likely to have money in the bank, as well. A 2015 GoBankingRates survey
found that a majority of millennials have less than $1,000 in their savings accounts, and many
have nothing at all.
America's youngest generations are less likely to marry during their 20s. Nearly 50% of baby
boomers were married between the ages of 18 to 32, while a mere 26% of millennials are mar-
ried in the same age range.
From 1970 to 2012, the U.S. marriage rate dropped 60% — from 74 annual marriages for every
1,000 unmarried women down to 31. The decline in marriage rates among millennials reflects a
number of cultural and economical shifts, including the recession of the late 2000s. Other trends
like the increase in women in the workforce and the decline in religiousness have also shaped
millennials' views of marriage.
Adapted from:
www.businessinsider.com/difference-millennials-baby-boomers-2019-4
Page 24
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
Over a fifteen-year period, Brazil “transformed its education system”, according to a 2010 OECD
report praising the country's rapid expansion of public education. The growth of access to edu-
cation and school attendance grew rapidly over those fifteen years: by the time the OECD pu-
blished its 2010 report, state efforts had succeeded in extending access to basic education to 95
percent of the population using public administration frameworks.
But despite progress in getting children into schools and its status as a middle-income country,
Brazil's schools are still leaving many behind. While overall literacy rates are high – 92.6 percent,
according to UNESCO's 2015 report – functional illiteracy, where students don't have enough
understanding to perform basic, daily tasks involving numeracy, reading, and writing, remains a
persistent shadow. Brazil's 2016 National Literacy Assessment (ANA), released this week, showed
that just 55 percent of 8-year-old students demonstrated ‘sufficient' proficiency in reading and
writing.
Page 26
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
The same report showed similar findings when it came to numerical literacy. Only 45 percent
had ‘sufficient' mathematical skills, while just 27 percent demonstrated ‘desirable' levels, able
to perform tasks like subtraction with three-digit numbers. Additionally, recent findings demons-
trate a continued trend of high distortion rates, where students show a literacy or mathematical
level lower than appropriate for their age. According to the ANA, just 45 percent of 8-year-old
students were able to read and write at the level appropriate for their age.
And while students and teachers alike focus on reading, writing and mathematical sums, UNES-
CO's most recent research showed that primary schools in Brazil are “paying little attention to
other parts of the curriculum nurturing creativity, culture, and the arts”. This results in poor sco-
res in other subject areas later on: Brazil's 15-year-old students were among some of the poorest
performers in some OECD science tests. Meanwhile, families typically place full responsibility
for children's education on the schools themselves, neglecting extra-curricular help that is fun-
damental to early childhood development.
Within cities, educational inequality correlates with neighborhood incomes – which in turn
correlates with race. In Rio de Janeiro, for example, poorer neighborhoods contained the highest
levels of black and mixed-race residents, in addition to higher functional illiteracy and distortion
rates.
But UNESCO's report highlighted the huge resource discrepancies existing between schools in
Brazil's cities and its rural areas: 90 percent of computers in schools in cities are connected to
the internet, compared to 60 percent in rural areas. This directly translated to adult life, accor-
ding to the founder of NGO Education For All, Priscila Cruz, who writes: “In the rural economy, in
domestic services and in construction, we find the highest rates of functional illiteracy: respecti-
vely, 70, 42, and 41 percent.”
Governance plays a larger role than some may assume, according to UNESCO's research. Spe-
cifically in Brazil, local mayors facing imminent re-election “misappropriated 27 percent fewer
resources” than those whose elections were a little further away on the horizon. But other ele-
ments explored in the report showed that a lack of accountability within the system could be
contributing to its inefficiency.
While all levels of government made financial contributions to public education systems, “with
no systematic monitoring mechanism, leakage became pervasive, including cases of misrepor-
ting of the number of pupils enrolled, funds unaccounted for, destruction of archives and diver-
sion of teacher salaries and bonuses”.
Adapted from:
www.brazilian.report/society/2017/10/27/brazil-educational-system-illiteracy-stats/
Questions:
Page 27
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
To release, released, released – lançar, publicar Decision – decisão
To compare, compared, compared (to) – compa- Skepticism – ceticismo
rar (a) Skeptical – cético
To interview, interviewed, interviewed – entre- Throughout – por toda a extensão
vistar Whether – se
To lack, lacked, lacked – carecer de Debate – debate
To round, rounded, rounded – arredondar Legitimate – legítimo
One-third – um terço Confidente – confiante
Poll – pesquisa Danger – perigo
Reporting – reportagem, informação Democracy – democracia
According to – de acordo com Overwhelmingly – esmagadoramente
Release – publicação Lack – falta
How often – com que frequência Candidate – candidato
Often – frequentemente Policymaker – aquele que faz políticas públicas
Each – cada Each other – um ao outro
Trust – confiança Margin – margem
Distrust – desconfiança Error – erro
Rarely – raramente Plus – mais
Policy – política (política pública, por exemplo) Minus – menos
Politicians – políticos In danger – em perigo
Campaign – campanha Margin of error of plus or minus – margem de
Lawmaker – legislador erro para mais ou para menos
Page 28
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Around one-third of Americans don't trust that the media's reporting is based on factual informa-
tion, according to a new poll from The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research
and USAFacts.
The poll, released Nov. 20, asked Americans “how often” they think each of the questions asked
“are based on factual information.” It found that about two in 10 – or less – Americans trust that
the media's reporting is based on facts. Only 21% of Americans always or often trust the me-
dia and 47% sometimes have that trust. 31% said that they rarely or never believe that media
reports based on facts, the poll found.
This distrust was even bigger when Americans were asked if they believe that the decisions
made by policy makers are fact-based. The poll found that 55% of those polled only sometimes
believe in their lawmakers decisions, and only 14% always or often trust them.
The trend of skepticism continued throughout the questions, with many Americans expressing
doubt about whether their fellow Americans vote based on facts. Americans also doubted whe-
ther political candidates' campaign messages are fact-based and if debates between candidates
are legitimate, according to the poll. Only 9% always or often trusted in politicians' campaign
messages.
Republicans are more skeptical of Democrats and baby boomers are less confident in what politi-
cians say compared to millennials, the poll also found.
“Democracy is in danger when Americans so overwhelmingly lack trust in the candidates, the
policymakers, the news media, and each other,” USAFacts President Poppy MacDonald said ac-
cording to a press release.
October's poll saw 1,032 U.S. adults interviewed between Oct. 15-28, Axios reported. There is a
margin of error of plus or minus 4.2% and the final numbers were rounded.
www.nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/almost-one-third-americans-dont-trust-media-poll-98697
Questions:
Page 29
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Gangsta's Paradise
Page 31
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
A good parent strives to make decisions in the best interest of the child. A good parent doesn't
have to be perfect. No one is perfect. No parent is perfect. No child is perfect either … keeping this
in mind is important when we set our expectations.
But it doesn't mean that we shouldn't work towards that goal.
Set high standards for ourselves first and then our children second. We serve as a role model for
them.
Here are some tips on learning effective parenting skills. Many of them are not quick nor easy. And
probably no one can do all of them all of the time. But if you can keep working on them, even thou-
gh you may only do part of these some of the time, you will still be moving in the right direction.
1 – Be a good role model:
Walk the walk. Don't just tell your child what you want them to do. Show them.
Human is a special species in part because we can learn by imitation. We are programmed to copy
other's actions to understand them and to incorporate them into our own. Children, in particular,
watch everything their parents do very carefully.
So, be the person you want your child to be — respect your child, show them positive behavior and
attitude, have empathy towards your child's emotion — and your child will follow suit.
2 – Show your love.
There is no such thing as loving your child too much. Loving them cannot spoil them.
Only what you choose to do (or give) in the name of love can — things like material-indulgence,
leniency, low expectation, and over-protection. When these things are given in place of real love,
that's when you'll have a spoiled child.
Loving your child can be as simple as giving them hugs, spending time with them and listening to
their issues seriously.
Showing these acts of love can trigger the release of feel-good hormones such as oxytocin, opioids,
and prolactin. These neurochemicals can bring us a deep sense of calm, emotional warmth and
contentment, from these the child will develop resilience and not to mention a closer relationship
with you.
3 – Practice kind and firm positive parenting:
Babies are born with around 100 billion brain cells (neurons) with relatively little connections.
These connections create our thoughts, drive our actions, shape our personalities and basically
determine who we are. They are created, strengthened and “sculpted” through experiences across
our lives.
Give your child positive experiences. They will have the ability to experience positive experiences
themselves and offer them to others.
Give your child negative experiences an they won't have the kind of development necessary for
them to thrive.
Sing that silly song. Have a tickle marathon. Go to the park. Laugh with your child. Ride through an
emotional tantrum. Solve a problem together with a positive attitude.
Not only do these positive experiences create good connections in your child's brain, but they also
form the memories of you that your child carries for life.
When it comes to discipline, it seems hard to remain positive. But it is possible to practice Positive
Discipline and avoid punitive measures.
Being a good parent means you need to teach your child the moral in what is right and what is
wrong. Setting limits and being consistent are the keys to good discipline. Be kind and firm when
enforcing those rules. Focus on the reason behind the child's behavior. And make it an opportunity
to learn for the future, rather than to punish for the past.
4 – Be a safe haven for your child:
Page 33
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Let your child know that you'll always be there for them by being responsive to the child's signals
and sensitive to their needs. Support and accept your child as an individual. Be a warm, safe haven
for your child to explore from.
Children raised by parents who are consistently responsive tend to have better emotional develo-
pment, social development, and mental health outcomes.
5 – Talk with your child:
Most of us already know the importance of communication. Talk to your child and also listen to
them carefully.
By keeping an open line of communication, you'll have a better relationship with your child and
your child will come to you when there's a problem.
But there's another reason for communication — you help your child integrate different parts of
his/her brain.
Integration is similar to our body in which different organs need to coordinate and work together
to maintain a healthy body.
When different parts of the brain are integrated, they can function harmoniously as a whole, which
means fewer tantrums, more cooperative behavior, and more empathy.
To do that, talk through troubling experiences. Ask your child to describe what happened and how
he/she felt.
You don't have to provide solutions. You don't need to have all the answers to be a good parent.
Just listening to them talk and asking clarifying questions will help them make sense of their ex-
periences and integrate memories.
https://www.parentingforbrain.com/how-to-be-a-good-parent-10-parenting-tips/
Questions
1- In your opinion, what's the most difficult thing about being a parent?
2- What are the most important values you want to pass on to your children?
3- What do you think of homeschooling?
4- What do you think one should do when their child throws a tantrum?
5- Many people say that children are too spoiled nowadays? What do you think of it?
6- Do you believe it's harder to deal with a child or a teenager?
7- If you could go back in time and talk to yourself as a child, what would you say?
Page 34
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 35
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
In 2017, several news organizations revealed the existence of the Advanced Aviation Threat Iden-
tification Program (AATIP), a U.S. government-funded investigation into unidentified flying objects
from 2007 to 2012. This secret $22 million program, however, was not the first of its kind. Official
government UFO studies began in the late 1940s with Project Sign, providing some of the most
credible videos of aerial phenomena to date. The 2017 revelation that the U.S. government was
actively researching UFOs re-ignited world interest in UFOs and aliens. Below are five of the most
believable UFO sightings of the 21st century.
1. The Lights Above the New Jersey Turnpike (2001)
It takes a lot for motorists to stop alongside a highway to look toward the sky, but on July 14, 2001,
drivers on the New Jersey Turnpike did just that. For around 15 minutes just after midnight, they
marveled at the sight of strange orange-and-yellow lights in a V formation over the Arthur Kill Wa-
terway between Staten Island, New York, and Carteret, New Jersey. Carteret Police Department's
Lt. Daniel Tarrant was one of the witnesses, as well as other metro-area residents from the Throgs
Neck Bridge on Long Island and Fort Lee, New Jersey near the George Washington Bridge.
Air-traffic controllers initially denied that any airplanes, military jets or space flights could have
caused the mysterious lights, but a group known as the New York Strange Phenomena Investi-
gators (NY-SPI) claimed to receive FAA radar data that corroborated the UFO sightings from that
night.
Page 36
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 37
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Text 14 - Thriller
Previous vocabulary
To lurk(ed) – espreitar Sight – visão
To scream(ed) – gritar Killer – assassino
To freeze(d) – congelar Inside – dentro
To paralyze(d) – paralisar Imagination – imaginação
To slam(med) – bater Outta (out of) – sem
To realize(d) – dar-se conta, perceber Masquerade – disfarce, baile de máscaras
To wonder(ed) – imaginar, ficar imaginando Escaping – escapatória
To hope(d) – esperar, ter esperança Jaw – mandíbula
To possess(ed) – possuir Open wide – completamente aberto
To cuddle(d) – abraçar-se, acariciar Unless – a menos que
To thrill(ed) – emocionar, empolgar Dial – discagem
To share(d) – compartilhar Screen – tela
To crawl(ed) – engatinhar Across – através, por todo
To terrorize(d) – aterrorizar Blood – sangue
To face(d) – encarar Y'all's – de todos vocês
To rot(ted) – apodrecer Neighborhood – vizinhança
To seal(ed) – selar Whom – quem (oblíquo de “who”)
To shiver(ed) – tremer Whomsoever – quem quer que
To resist(ed) – resistir Soul – alma (música negra americana)
To stand, stood, stood – ficar de pé, permanecer To get down – dançar, se divertir, partir para a
To fall, fell, fallen – cair ação
To get, got, gotten – pegar Hound – cão, cão de caça
To creep, crept, crept – rastejar Shell – concha, casca
To strike, struck, struck – atacar Stench – fedor
To fight, fought, fought – lutar Foul – sujo
To close in – se aproximar Funk – funk
Close at hand – próximo, ao alcance Grisly – medonho
In search of – a procura de Tomb – túmulo, tumba
To hold you tight – te abraçar apertado Doom – desgraça, condenação
Right between the eyes – bem entre os olhos Mere – mero
All the while – enquanto isso Mortal – mortal
Thriller – suspense, terror Immortal – imortal
Page 38
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Thriller
It's close to midnight and something evil's lurkin' from the dark
Under the moonlight you see a sight that almost stops your heart
You try to scream but terror takes the sound before you make it
You start to freeze as horror looks you right between the eyes,
You're paralyzed
You hear the door slam and realize there's nowhere left to run
You feel the cold hand and wonder if you'll ever see the sun
You close your eyes and hope that this is just imagination, girl
But all the while you hear a creature creepin' up behind
You're outta time
Page 39
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 40
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 41
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 42
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 43
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-seven-natural-wonders-of-the-world.html
Questions:
1- What are some of the Seven Wonders of the World mentioned in the text?
2- What are the Seven Natural Wonders of the World?
3- Where is the Grand Canyon located?
4- What is the Parícutin and where is it located?
5- What causes the Northern Lights?
6- Why do the Victoria Falls have this name?
7- What happened to the Guanabara Bay due to urbanization?
8- Which of the Seven Natural Wonders can be seen from space?
9- How is the Everest known in Nepal and in Tibet?
Page 44
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 45
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Group one is associated with the scientific part of the United Nation's International Panel on Cli-
mate Change or IPCC (Working Group 1). These are scientists who mostly believe that recent cli-
mate change is primarily due to man's burning of fossil fuels—oil, coal and natural gas. This relea-
ses C02, carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere and, they believe, this might eventually dangerously
heat the planet.
Group two is made up of scientists who don't see this as an especially serious problem. This is the
group I belong to. We're usually referred to as skeptics.
We note that there are many reasons why the climate changes—the sun, clouds, oceans, the orbi-
tal variations of the earth, as well as a myriad of other inputs. None of these is fully understood,
and there is no evidence that CO2 emissions are the dominant factor.
But actually there is much agreement between both groups of scientists. The following are such
points of agreement:
1. The climate is always changing.
2. CO2 is a greenhouse gas without which life on earth is not possible, but adding it to the
atmosphere should lead to some warming.
3. Atmospheric levels of CO2 have been increasing since the end of the Little Ice Age in the
19th century.
4. Over this period (the past two centuries), the global mean temperature has increased sli-
ghtly and erratically by about 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit or one degree Celsius; but only since the
1960's have man's greenhouse emissions been sufficient to play a role.
5. Given the complexity of climate, no confident prediction about future global mean tempe-
rature or its impact can be made. The IPCC acknowledged in its own 2007 report that “The long-
-term prediction of future climate states is not possible.”
Most importantly, the scenario that the burning of fossil fuel leads to catastrophe isn't part of what
either group asserts. So why are so many people worried, indeed, panic stricken about this issue.
Here's where Group Three comes in—the politicians, environmentalists, and media.
Global warming alarmism provides them, more than any other issue, with the things they most
want: For politicians it's money and power. For environmentalists it's money for their organiza-
tions and confirmation of their near religious devotion to the idea that man is a destructive force
acting upon nature. And for the media it's ideology, money, and headlines. Doomsday scenarios
sell.
Meanwhile, over the last decade, scientists outside of climate physics have jumped on the ban-
dwagon, publishing papers blaming global warming for everything from acne to the Syrian civil
war. And crony capitalists have eagerly grabbed for the subsidies that governments have so la-
vishly provided.
Unfortunately, group three is winning the argument because they have drowned out the serious
debate that should be going on. But while politicians, environmentalists and media types can was-
te a lot of money and scare a lot of people, they won't be able to bury the truth. The climate will
have the final word on that.
I'm Richard Lindzen, emeritus professor of atmospheric sciences at MIT, for Prager University.
https://www.prageru.com/video/climate-change-what-do-scientists-say/
Questions:
Previous vocabulary
To fill(ed) – cheio Straw – palha
To rape(d) – estuprar Stick – graveto, vareta
To manage(d) – conseguir Bricked house – casa de tijolos
To force(d) – forçar Glass slipper – sapatinho de cristal
To instruct(ed) – instruir, mandar Effort – esforço
To pour(ed) – servir, derramar Heel – calcanhar
To remain(ed) – permanecer Toes – dedos dos pés
To fit, fit, fit – caber Revenge – vingança
To throw, threw, thrown – jogar, arremessar Grave – túmulo
To catch, caught, caught – pegar Parental Guidance (PG) – orientação parental
To give birth – dar à luz Fairly – bastante
To try on – experimentar roupas ou sapatos Grim – sinistro, sombrio
To show up – aparecer Burning hot – ardente, que queima
Gory – sangrento Eventually – finalmente
Familiar – familiar Flesh – carne
Disney-fied – “dineyficado” Pantry – despensa
Earlier – anterior Unknowingly – sem saber
Blood – sangue Trauma – trauma
Carnage – carnificina, massacre Damage – dano
Splinter – farpa, lasca Fond – querido, bom
1. Sleeping Beauty
In the original story, a king finds a woman sleeping and rapes her.
Still sleeping, she gives birth, and her child wakes her up by sucking a splinter from under her
finger. It eventually culminates in the King trying to kill his wife (yes, he was married) who had
attempted to trick him into eating his own children.
Page 47
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
4. Cinderella
Cinderella loses a glass slipper, and the prince instructs every woman to try it on. He will marry the
woman whose foot fits the slipper.
In the original Grimm version, the younger sister actually cuts off a piece of her heel in an attempt
to fit into it.
If that isn't gory enough, the eldest sister then cuts off her toes in an attempt to fit into the same
slippers.
Finally, as she is getting married to the prince, Cinderella's dead mum sends doves, who peck her
older sisters' eyes out.
Talk about revenge beyond the grave.
Questions:
Page 48
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
To cite(d) – citar Girl scout – escoteira
To report(ed) – reportar, informar Bowling – boliche
To double(d) – dobrar Non-governmental – não governamental
To confine(d) – confinar Middle class – classe média
To collect(ed) – coletar Bourgeois – burguês
To offer(ed) – oferecer Delayed – posterior, atrasado
To provide(d) – prover, oportunizar Gratification – gratificação, retorno
To enable(d) – possibilitar, capacitar Patriotism – patriotismo
To dwindle(d) – diminuir Under attack – sob ataque
To ignore(d) – ignorar Elite – elite
To recognize(d) – reconhecer Following – seguinte
To relegate(d) – relegar Majority – maioria
Severe – severo Unmarried – não casado
Rate – taxa Birth – nascimento
Self-injury – autolesão, machucar a si mesmo High – alta
Commentator – comentarista Percentage- porcentagem
Lonely – solitário Founder – fundador
Loneliness – solidão Liberty – liberdade
Prime minister – primeiro ministro Exceptional – excepcional
Data – dados Flaw – defeito
Drug – drogas Virtue – virtude
Addiction – vício Identity – identidade
Interaction – interação Root – raiz
Fear – medo Optimism – otimismo
Widely – largamente Lack – falta
Explanation – explicação Renowned – renomado
Loss – perda Psychoanalyst – psicanalista
Values – valores Masterpiece – obra-prima
Meaning – significado Aside – com exceção
Judeo-Christian – Judaico-Cristão Dustbin – lata de lixo
Set – conjunto Decline -declínio
Affluent – rico Protestantism – Protestantismo
Chauvinism – patriotismo fanático, chauvinis- Catholicism – Catolicismo
mo Judaism – Judaísmo
Chief – principal Provider – provedor
Boy scout – escoteiro Increasing – crescente
Page 49
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 50
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
rable, their future is bleak, and marriage and children are not important.
Why are so many young people depressed, unhappy, and angry? It's not capitalism, or income
inequality, or patriarchy, or even global warming. It's having no religion, no God, and no country to
believe in. And what does that leave them with? No meaning.
But there is always Instagram.
Dennis Prager.
Questions:
1- What does the author think are some of the causes of teenage unhappiness?
2- And what does he believe to be the biggest one?
3- What were the two sets of value America was founded upon?
4- What did this combination create?
5- What was the advantage of keeping government as small as possible?
6- What has been happening to these non-governmental groups?
7- What are some of the middle-class values?
8- What are the results of the attacks theses values have been suffering?
9- What used to give Americans meaning?
1- Do you believe young people nowadays lack meaning and values? Why or why not?
2- Do you believe lack of meaning can make people sad and lonely? Why or why not?
3- Do you believe religion is a good way to provide meaning and values? Why or why not?
4- Do you believe lack of religion is the reason why teenagers feel lonely? Why or why not?
5- Do you believe lack a family structure is what makes teenagers feel lonely? Why or why not?
6- What's your opinion on the text?
Page 51
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 52
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
happens here, stays here” slogan remains popular because of the message it sends to potential
visitors. The slogan deliberately communicates freedom. When you come to Las Vegas, you can do
anything and be anything you want to be. You can spend the money you work so hard to save; you
can have the extra drink you'd normally decline after dinner. You can talk to the attractive stranger
at the bar and dance on top of the bar because, no matter the end result, no one at home has to
know.
Since the economy of Las Vegas is dependent on tourism, the city thrives on change. Whether it's
the skyline of the Strip or marketing strategies, Las Vegas strives to stay fresh in the minds of its
guests. The city endeavors, with every renovation and addition, to indulge and tend to a guest's
every desire. “What Happens in Vegas, Stays in Vegas” lets everyone know who comes to visit that
no matter what happens, your secrets will be safe.
Questions:
1- Have you ever been to Vegas? If not, would you like to?
2- Would you like to visit a cassino?
3- What do you think of gambling?
4- Do you believe cassinos and gambling should be allowed in Brazil? Why or why not?
5- What are other cities in the world that are famous for offering entertainment?
6- Which of them would you like to visit and why?
Page 53
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
To await(ed) – aguardar Roll,- maço, pedaço, pão
To grunt(ed) – grunhir Fat – gordura
To slap(ped) – estapear Lingerie – lingerie
Squash(ed) – esmagar Genius – gênio
To combine(d) – combinar Alchemy – alquimia
To mix(ed) – misturar Bliss – felicidade
To prance(d) – empinar-se Peanut butter – manteiga de amendoim
To race(d) – correr Scantly – escassamente, insuficientemente
To tie(d) – amarrar Clad – vestido
To ban(ned) – banir Scantly clad – com pouca roupa
To kidnap(ped) – sequestrar Conference – conferência
To force(d) – forçar Expansion – expansão
To judge(d) – julgar Coverage – cobertura
To roll(ed) – rolar Muggle – trouxa
To kill(ed) – matar Quidditch – quadribol
To swirl(ed) – girar Broomstick – cabo de vassoura
To swear, swore, sworn – jurar Golden snitch – pomo de ouro
To catch, caught, caught – apanhar Since – já que
Behold, beheld, beheld – contemplar Winged – alado
To come up with – inventar Sentient – senciente
To come by – aparecer Squealing – gritalhão
To play the part – interpretar o papel Dude – cara
To make up – inventar Dwarf – anão
At gunpoint – na mira de arma Tossing – arremesso
To enjoy yourself – se divertir Suit – terno
Strict – restrito Illegal – ilegal
Perhaps – talvez Willingly – voluntariamente
Eclectic – eclético Smile – sorriso
Exotic – exótico Rolling – rolagem
Sampling – amostragem Cheese – queijo
Downright – absolutamente Wheel – roda
Odd – estranho cash and prizes – partes íntimas
Titanically – titanicamente, incrivelmente wardrobe malfunction – mostrar uma parte do
Obese – obeso corpo sem querer
Diapers – fraldas
Page 54
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
1 – Sumo Wrestling
Location: Japan. Sure, sumo wrestling may be a little more on the map than the other sports on
this list, but have you ever stopped and thought about just how odd this sport is? Titanically obese
men wear diapers, grunt, slap each other in the face and squash their rolls of fat into each other.
Can you believe these guys are rock stars in Japan?
2 – Lingerie Football
Location: USA. Back in the day, some genius of alchemy had the idea of combining chocolate and
peanut butter; bliss was born. And now it's been done again.
Mix one part football with one part scantily clad women. Behold, lingerie football. With six te-
ams in two conferences, major expansion plans in the works, and national television coverage on
MTV2, the sport is here to stay.
3 – Quidditch
Location: the Muggle world. Yeah, you read that right. Quidditch is now a real (ahem!) sport. Star-
ted at Middlebury College in Vermont (OK, first at Hogwarts) in 1997, Quidditch now has a profes-
sional league, even a world cup.
Players prance around a field with a broomstick between their legs racing to catch the golden sni-
tch. Since winged, sentient golden balls are hard to come by in the real world, a squealing dude
dressed in all yellow with a ball in sock tied to him plays the part. Snigger at will.
4 – Dwarf Tossing
Origin: Australia. Dwarf tossing was originally a sport about distance, but then some people in the
US decided to dress them in a suit and throw them onto a wall made of velcro. I am not making this
up, I swear.
This sport is now banned. I know, I can't believe it either. Personally, I don't see why it is illegal.
Do people think these dwarfs were kidnapped and then forced at gunpoint to take part in this
"sport?" Of course not. They did this willingly and judging by the smiles on their faces, they seem
to be enjoying themselves.
5 – Cheese Rolling.
Origin: Gloucester, England. Every May, competitors climb Cooper's Hill in Gloucester and roll
down a seven pound wheel of cheese. They then kill themselves to try and catch their wheel whi-
ch can reach speeds up to 70 mph.
People seriously do get hurt. They cancelled this year's event.
If I had any idea Borat was going to be a part of this competition in 2009, I would have killed a man
to get there.
But then again, would I really want to be scarred for life after inevitably seeing this man's cash and
prizes after he has a wardrobe malfunction rolling down the hill? This debate has been swirling in
my head for days now.
https://bleacherreport.com/articles/663025-craziest-sports-from-around-the-world#slide15
https://bleacherreport.com/articles/857061-the-10-absolute-craziest-sports-on-the-planet#slide6
Page 55
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 56
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
we love to watch people win, we also love to see things fail a little.
1 – 1988 Seoul roast of the doves
The opening ceremonies are one of the most watched parts of the Olympics, and it's been like that
for decades. Nothing was different during the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games. Millions tuned in and
thousands watched in the stands as the ceremony went on and led to the iconic torch lighting mo-
ment. However, at this particular games, they decided to involve doves, which doesn't necessarily
seem like a bad idea, as doves are the timeless symbol of peace.
But there is a problem when you light the doves on fire. You read that right, the doves were lite-
rally roasted, marking the last time that doves were allowed at the Olympic Games.
2 – No shoes? No problem.
If you were an Olympic athlete preparing to run a marathon, you probably wouldn't think much
about the opponent without shoes on. This was the mistake of every one of Abebe Bikila's compe-
titors during the 1960 Rome Games. According to accounts, Bikila couldn't find a pair of shoes that
he preferred before the games and decided to run barefoot through the streets of Rome.
Impressively, the Ethiopian athlete not only finished the race, but finished it first, setting a world
record and becoming the first black African to win in that sport.
4 – Tug of war
Yes, that's right. Tug of war was—at one point—an Olympic sport. Nowadays, tug of war is almost
exclusively reserved for picnics and middle school class battles, but in the 20th century, tug of
war was all the rage. In the 1904 St. Louis Games, tug of war history was made when neither Great
Britain or Scandinavia, two of the reigning tug of war champs, grabbed the gold, but the United
States. The Milwaukee Athletic Club clutched the gold in the muddy ground and their origin city
rejoiced. Except for the fact that not one member was from Milwaukee (most were recruited from
Chicago) and that none of the members of the team were even part of the Milwaukee Athletic
Club. Either way, they still got the gold.
5 – Cool Runnings
Last but not least, Jamaica had a bobsled team to the Winter Games in 1988 in Calgary, Canada.
Really. There is even a movie about it.
https://thetempest.co/2016/08/11/entertainment/20-weirdest-moments-olympic-history/
Questions:
Page 57
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 58
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 59
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/the-mindful-self-express/201208/the-six-attributes-courage
Questions:
1- Why does the proverb say “fear and courage are brothers”?
2- Why do you think Marcus Tullius Cicero say that “a man of courage is also full of faith”?
3- Why do you think Lao Tze said “from caring comes courage”?
4- Which of the quotes listed in the text are the most relevant to you?
5- Do you believe it's important to be courageous? Why?
6- Do you consider yourself a corageous person?
7- Where do you think courage comes from?
8- Can you give more exemples of courageous people? Why are these people corageous?
Page 60
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
To reconsider(ed) – reconsiderar Bomb – bomba
To defuse(d) – desarmar, desativar Fairly – bastante
To kill(ed) – matar Wire – fio
To erect(ed) – erguer Split – fração
To face(d) – encarar Repo person – pessoa que retoma bens que não
To endure(d) – suportar, enfrentar foram pagos.
To strap(ped) – amarrar Sultan – sultão
To smash(ed) – esmagar Cartel – cartel
The old-fashioned way – do jeito antigo Bounty Hunter – caçador de recompensas
To chase down – perseguir Fortitude – fortaleza, coragem moral
Good luck – boa sorte Enemy – inimigo
To take back – pegar de volta Criminal – criminoso
To make sense – fazer sentido Jail – cadeia
Challenging – desafiador Without – sem
Chronic – crônico Deadly – mortal
At risk – em risco Average – média
Hardship – dificuldade, sofrimento Tower – torre
Pro – profissional Bolt – parafuso
Diver – mergulhador Demand – exigência
Treasure – tesouro Comparison – comparação
Underwater – debaixo d'água Drowning – afogamento
Pearl – pérola Humongous – enorme, gigantesco
Surface – superfície
Page 61
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 62
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Text 24 - Resumés
Page 63
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 64
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
To shape(d) – moldar, dar forma Earbuds – fones de ouvido
To print(ed) – imprimir Proficiency – proficiência
To simplify(ied) – simplificar Barrier – barreira
To capture(d) – capturar Fuel – combustível
To collect(ed) – coletar Liquid – líquido
To deflect(ed) – desviar Conversion – conversão
To navigate(d) – navegar Mimicking – imitação
To hook(ed) – conectar, fisgar Photosynthesis – fotossíntese
To lie, lay, lain – encontrar-se Potable – potável
To get a glance – dar uma olhada Array – conjunto
As well as – assim como Vast – vasto
Intended – com a intenção Collection – coleta
Conveniente – conveniente Atomic – atômico
Printing – impressão Molecular – molecular
Proven – provado, comprovado Level – nível
Manufacturing – produção Manipulation – manipulação
Radically – radicalmente Consultation – consulta
Pattern – padrão Wherein – em que
Enterprise – empreendimento Available – disponível
1 – 3D Metal Printing
While 3D printing has been around for a while now, printing metal has proven difficult and expen-
sive. However, now, new 3D metal printers are simplifying the process and could radically change
manufacturing as we know it, but also present many dangers, including at-home gun manufactu-
ring.
6 – Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology refers to the manipulation of materials in the atomic and molecular levels for
revolutionizing computing, not just by making the process faster but also by making computing
devices a lot smaller. Scientists believe that devices as small as cells may someday navigate throu-
gh the human body to serve as artificial immune systems.
7 – Neural Interfaces
The idea behind this technology is providing humans with the ability to hook their brains directly
into the internet. The giant leap into the realm of wetware recently became possible after a bionic
eye got the approval of FDA. Neural interfaces involves brain wave mapping, which refers to the
process of controlling remote robotics directly from neural impulses.
8 – Self-diagnostic medicine
Self-diagnostic medicine is a technology that will soon provide an effective alternative to medical
consultations wherein diagnostic hardware becomes available in the comfort of people's homes.
Questions :
Page 66
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Our language, our music and our manners are increasingly raucous, self-centered, and offensive,
as though beauty and good taste have no real place in our lives. One word is written large on all
these ugly things, and that word is “me.” My profits, my desires, my pleasures. And art has nothing
to say in response to this except, “Yeah, go for it!” I think we are losing beauty and with it there is
the danger that we will lose the meaning of life.
I'm Roger Scruton, philosopher and writer. My trade is to ask questions. During the last few years I
have been asking questions about beauty. Beauty has been central to our civilization for over two
thousand years. From its beginnings in Ancient Greece, philosophy has reflected on the place of
beauty in art, poetry, music, architecture, and everyday life. Philosophers have argued that throu-
gh the pursuit of beauty we shape the world as a home.
We come to understand our own nature as spiritual beings. But our world has turned its back on
beauty. And because of that, we find ourselves surrounded by ugliness and alienation.
I want to persuade you that beauty matters. That it is not just a subjective thing. But a universal
need of human beings. If we ignore this need we find ourselves in a spiritual desert. I want to show
you a path leading out of that desert. It is a path leading home.
The great artists of the past were aware that human life is full of chaos and suffering. But they had
a remedy for this; and the name of that remedy was beauty. The beautiful work of art brings con-
solation in sorrow and affirmation in joy. It shows human life to be worthwhile.
Many modern artists have become weary of this sacred task. The randomness of modern life they
think cannot be redeemed by art. Instead, it should be displayed. The pattern was set nearly a
century ago by the French artist, Marcel Duchamp. Who signed a urinal with a fictitious signature,
R. Mutt, and entered it for an exhibition (in 1917).
His gesture was satirical; designed to mock the world of art and the snobberies that go with it. But
it has been interpreted in another way, showing us that anything could be art.
1) Like a light going on and off.
2) A can of excrement.
3) Or even a pile of bricks.
No longer does art have a sacred status raising us to a higher moral or spiritual plane, it is just one
human gesture among others, no more meaningful than a laugh or shout. “I think they are making
fun of us. It's a pile of bricks!” – says a lady.
Art once made a cult of beauty. Now we have a cult of ugliness instead. Since the world is dis-
turbing, art should be disturbing too. Those who look for beauty in art are just out of touch with
modern realities.
Sometimes the intention is to shock us. But what is shocking first time round, is boring and va-
cuous when repeated. This makes art into an elaborate joke though by now that has ceased to be
funny, yet the critics go on endorsing it, afraid to say that the emperor has no clothes.
Creative art is not achieved, just like that, simply by having an idea. Of course, ideas can be inte-
resting and amusing, but this does not justify the appropriation of the label “art.”
If a work of art is nothing more than an idea, anybody can be an artist. And any object can be a
work of art. There is no longer any need for skill, taste or creativity.
Page 68
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
https://orthosphere.wordpress.com/2017/09/16/roger-scruton-why-beauty-matters/
Questions
1- How would educated people between 1750 and 1930 describe the aim of art?
2- What would the same people say the point of art is?
3- What happened to art in the twentieth century?
4- What happened to architecture in the twentieth century?
5- What is happening to our language, music and manners?
6- What word is written large on these ugly things? Why?
7- Why has the author been asking questions about beauty?
8- What is the difference between the artists in the past and many modern artists?
9- What did Marcel Duchamp do a century ago? What did he mean by that?
10- What happens when an artist intends to shock people?
11- What happens if art is nothing more than an idea?
1- Do you believe our language, music and manners are increasingly raucous, self-centered, and
offensive? Why?
2- What do you think about the so-called “modern art”?
3- What do you think of modern architecture?
4- What do you think of modern music?
5- Do you agree with Roger Scruton on thi issue? Why or why not?
Page 69
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 70
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
State Vs Nation
In common usage, the terms State and Nation are often used as synonyms. For example, when we
say ‘Western nations' or ‘Asian nations' or ‘African nations', we do not mean nations but States.
Similarly, the ‘United Nations' is in reality an organization of nation-states. Each modern state
is a Nation State; nevertheless there are some important distinctions between the State and the
Nation.
1. The elements of State and Nation are different:
The State has four elements—population, territory, government, and sovereignty. In the absence
of even one element, a State cannot be really a State. A state is always characterized by all these
four elements. On the contrary, a nation is a group of people who have a strong sense of unity and
common consciousness.
Common territory, common race, common religion, common language, common history, common
culture and common political aspirations are the elements which help the formation of a nation,
and yet none of these is an absolutely essential element. The elements which go to build a nation
keep on changing.
2. State is a Political Organization while Nation is a social, cultural, psychological, emotional and
political unity:
The State is a political organization which fulfills the security and welfare needs of its people. It is
concerned with external human actions. It is a legal entity. On the other hand, a Nation is a united
unit of population which is full of emotional, spiritual and psychological bonds. A nation has little
to do with the physical needs of the people.
3. Possession of a Definite Territory is essential for the State but not for a Nation:
It is essential for each State to possess a fixed territory. It is the physical element of the State.
State is a territorial entity. But for a nation territory is not an essential requirement. A nation can
survive even without a fixed territory. Love of a common motherland acts as a source of unity. For
example, before 1948 the Jews were a nation even though they had no fixed territory of their own.
When, in 1948, they secured a definite and defined territory, they established the State of Israel.
4. Sovereignty is essential for State but not for Nation:
Sovereignty is an essential element of the State. It is the soul of the State. In the absence of so-
vereignty, the State loses its existence. It is the element of sovereignty which makes the state
different from all other associations of the people. It is not essential for a nation to possess sove-
reignty.
The basic requirement of a nation is the strong bonds of emotional unity among its people which
develop due to several common social cultural elements. Before 1947, India was a nation but not
a State because it did not have sovereignty. (State = Nation + Sovereignty).
After its independence in 1947, India became a State because after the end of British imperial rule
it became a sovereign entity. However, each nation always aspires to be sovereign and indepen-
dent of the control of every other nation.
5. Nation can be wider than the State:
The State is limited to a fixed territory. Its boundaries can increase or decrease but the process
of change is always very complex. However a nation may or may not remain within the bounds
of a fixed territory. Nation is a community based on common ethnicity, history and traditions and
aspirations.
Obviously its boundaries can easily extend beyond the boundaries of the State. For example in
a way the French nation extends even to Belgium, Switzerland and Italy because people in these
countries belong to the same race to which the French claim to belong.
6 – There can be more than one Nationality in one State
There can be two or more than two nations within a single State. Before the First World War, Aus-
tria and Hungary were one State, but two different nations. Most of the modern states are multi-
national states.
Page 71
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
State and Nation do not have the same boundaries, and yet there is a tendency for a Nation and
State to be one. Most of the nations today stand organized into different states. Most of the mo-
dern States are multinational States. The modern state is called a nation-state because all the
nationalities living in one state stand integrated into one.
A State continuously pursues the objective of national integration. The State tries to achieve this
objective by securing a willing blending of the majority nationality and all the minority nationali-
ties, through collective living, sharing of all the ups and the downs in common and development
of strong emotional, spiritual and psychological bonds. Unity in diversity or more really, unity in
plurality stands accepted as the guiding principle by all the modern civilized multinational states
like India, USA, Russia, China, Britain and others.
Questions:
Page 72
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
To fake(d) – fingir Long haul – transporte de longa distância
To gear(ed) – direcionar Repair – reparo, conserto
To sue(d) – processar Thus – então, portanto
To meld(ed) – mesclar 18-wheeler – caminhão com dezoito rodas
To review(ed) – revisar Wrongfully – ilegalmente
To atrophy(ied) – atrofiar Slip and fall – escorregar e cair (termo usado
To clap(ped) – bater palmas para pequenos acidentes)
To immerse(ed) – mergulhar, imergir Attorney – advogado
To wither away – murchar, secar Ever enlarging – que não para de crescer
To tuck in – cuidar Butt – bunda
To get off – levantar Screwed up – estragado
To let go – demitir Taxes – tributos
Level playing field – oportunidades iguais Stuff – coisas
I can handle that – eu posso resolver Plague – peste
To come apart at the seams – estar perto de um Discriminated against – discriminado
colapso Brillo head – cabelo crespo, esquisito, desarru-
To hate your guts – te odiar mado
To hit the road – pegar a estrada Land mine – mina terrestre
To make a good living – conseguir uma vida boa Barbed wire – arame farpado
Crap – porcaria Eventually – certamente
Sap – coitado, idiota Resistence -resistência
Probation – condicional A bunch of – um monte de
Junior college – faculdade Handouts – folhetos
Daytime TV – programas de TV que passam Outer space – espaço sideral
durante o dia In between – no meio de
Commercial – comercial Void – vazio
Trucking – dirigir caminhões Massive – imenso, massivo
Page 73
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
To lack(ed) – faltar, não ter Confiscation – confisco
To state(d) – declarar Private property – propriedade privada
To introduce(d) – introduzir Judicial procedure – procedimento judicial
To respond(ed) – reponder Guarantee – garantia
To require(d) – requerer, exigir Access – acesso
To guarantee(d) – garantir Basic – básico
To take roots – criar raízes Goods – produtos
Proposal – proposta Industrialization – industrialização
Czech – tcheco Emerging – surgimento
Jurist – jurista Working class – classe trabalhadora
Socio-economic – socioeconômico Claim – demanda, exigência
Norm – norma Dignified – digno
Treaty – tratado Recreation – recreação
Convention – convenção Medical care – cuidados médicos
Covenant – pacto, aliança Privacy – privacidade
Conflictive – conflituoso Non-discrimination – não discriminação
Recognition – reconhecimento Housing – moradia
Ruler – governante Degrading – degradante
Omnipotente – onipotente Detriment – detrimento
Struggle – luta Pension – pensão
Monarchic – monárquico Disability – deficiência
Absolutism – absolutismo Elderly – idosos
Absolute – absoluto Standard – padrão
Policy – política, programa Continuity – continuidade
Constitutional – constitucional Idiosyncrasy – idiossincrasia, estrutura
Center – centro Solidarity – solidariedade
Institution – instituição Sustainable – sustentável
Taxes – tributos Heritage – herança
Prior – prévio, anterior Humanitarian – humanitário
Approval – aprovação Assistance – assistência
Arrest – arresto, prisão
Page 75
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 76
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Economic rights guarantee a minimum level of material security necessary for human dignity. It
is stated that the lack of employment or housing is psychologically degrading to the detriment of
human dignity.
Normally, economic rights include the right to work, housing, a pension for people with disabili-
ties and the elderly, and the right to an adequate standard of living.
Cultural rights
Cultural rights are those related to the cultural way of life. They include the right to education and
the right to participate in cultural life.
However, there are other rights not officially classified as cultural, but which are vital to guarantee
the continuity of the cultural idiosyncrasy of minority communities. Some are the right to non-dis-
crimination and equal protection of the law.
3 – Third generation of human rights
The third generation of human rights refers to solidarity rights. This includes the right to sustai-
nable development, peace or a healthy environment, to participate in the common heritage of
humanity, to communication and humanitarian assistance, among others.
Unfortunately, in much of the world, advances in human rights have been limited by the existing
conditions of extreme poverty, wars or natural catastrophes.
Some experts are against the idea of the second and third generations of human rights due to their
collective and positive nature; for the first generation of human rights is all about negative laws.
In other words, it tells what governments and people should not do. The second and third genera-
tions, on the other hand, demand action from others and from the government, making them much
harder to be achieved. Many times, by the way, second and third generations imply a necessary
disrespect to the first one.
https://www.lifepersona.com/the-three-generations-of-human-rights
Questions:
1- How many types of human rights are there? What do they refer to?
2- When was the first generation of human rights born? What does it refer to?
3- What are the two ideas in the center of the first generation of human rights?
4- What are some of the legal documents that expressed the first human rights?
5- What did these constitutional documents limit?
6- What does the second generation of human rights refer to? What ideas are they based on?
7- What are some of the social rights?
8- What are some of the economic rights?
9- What are some of the cultural rights?
10- What does the third generation of human rights refer to? What does it include?
11- Why do some experts disagree on the possibility of achievement of the second and third ge-
nerations of human rights?
Page 77
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
To share(d) – compartilhar Researcher – pesquisador
To earn(ed) – ganhar Known – conhecido
To prevent(ed) – impedir Mathematician – matemático
To cease(d) – parar, cessar Acute – agudo
To raise(d)- levantar Aware – ciente
To star(red) – estrelar Tenor – tenor
To withdraw, withdrew, withdrawn – retirar-se Record – disco
To break the mold – quebrar os padrões (mol- Law – direito
des) Partially – parcialmente
To be named after – receber o nome em home- Blow – impacto, batida
nagem a algo ou alguém Numerous – numerosos
Inspirational – inspirador Award – prêmio
Inspiration – inspiração Prestigie – prestígio
Besides – além de Peak – pico, auge
Improvement – melhoramento Stage – palco
Precisely – precisamente Depression – depressão
Theoretical – teórico Alcoholism – alcoolismo
Physicist – físico Foundation – fundação
Astrophysicist – astrofísico Speaker – palestrante
Cosmologist – cosmólogo Motivational – motivacional
Eminent – eminente Survivor – sobrevivente
Paralysed – paralisado Limbs – membros
Synthesizer – sintetizador Ridicule – escárnio
Voice – voz Founder – fundador
Slight – ligeiro, leve Regular – assíduo
Exemplar – exemplar
Page 78
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
2 – John Nash
Another example of a celebrity with a disability who broke the mold is John Nash, an American
mathematician whose life, marked by acute paranoid schizophrenia, is known to us thanks to the
film "A Beautiful Mind" Aware of his illness, Nash fought against it and developed a successful
academic career that earned him the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994.
3 – Andrea Boccelli
Tenor, musician, writer and music producer of Italian origin, Andrea Boccelli has sold more than 75
million records. He also studied law.
He was born with congenital glaucoma, which left him partially blind. But that did not prevent him
from taking piano lessons until the age of 6. However, at the age 12, he suffered a blow during a
soccer game that left him completely blind.
Boccelli has received numerous awards of international prestige and even has a beach named
after him on the Adriatic.
4 – Michael J. Fox
The Back to the Future star was diagnosed with Parkinson's in 1991 when he was just 29 years old
and his career was at its peak. He was told that he should withdraw from the stage, but he did not
cease to be an actor.
Michael found it hard to accept his illness, suffering with depression and alcoholism for some
time. But, he now works to promote his foundation, Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Re-
search, to help find a cure for this progressive disease.
After more than 25 years and with the condition at a very advanced stage, Michael J. Fox continues
to maintain his spirit of improvement. His foundation has already raised $233 million for Parkin-
son's research.
5 – Nick Vujicic
Nick Vujicic is an Australian motivational speaker born with tetra-amelia syndrome, a disability
where the person affected is born without arms and legs. He is one of the seven known survivors
in the world who has the syndrome.
Born in 1982 with no limbs, he claims that as a child he suffered ridicule and discrimination, and
tried to commit suicide. However, with time, he learned to see his own potential. He is the founder
of Life Without Limbs – an organization for people with physical disabilities.
He is currently giving motivational talks around the world, has written several books and is a re-
gular on talk shows and TV programs. He became very famous after starring in the short film The
Butterfly Circus.
https://disabilityhorizons.com/2017/12/top-10-disabled-celebrities-across-world/
https://www.sunrisemedical.co.uk/blog/famous-people-with-disabilities
Questions:
Page 79
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
Page 81
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Questions:
Page 82
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
Page 83
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Capitalism Vs Socialism
Capitalism versus socialism. We can sum up each economic system in one line: Capitalism is based
on human greed. Socialism is based on human need. Right?
No. Wrong. So wrong, it's exactly backwards. And I'll prove it to you.
Been on Amazon lately? Each of the thousands of products Amazon offers represents the work of
people who believe they have something you want or need. If they're right, they prosper. If they're
wrong, they don't.
That's how the free market works. It encourages people to improve their lives by satisfying the ne-
eds of others. No one starts a business making a thing or providing a service for themselves. They
start a business to make things or provide services for others.
I speak from personal experience.
When I was the CEO of the company that owns Carl's Jr. and Hardee's restaurant chains, we spent
millions of dollars every year trying to determine what customers wanted. If our customers didn't
like something, we changed it--and fast, because if we didn't, our competitors would (pun inten-
ded) eat us for lunch.
The consumer--that's you--has the ultimate power. In effect, you vote with every dollar you spend.
In a socialist economy, the government has the ultimate power. It decides what you get from a
limited supply it decides should exist.
Instead of millions of people making millions of decisions about what they want, a few people-
--government elites--decide what people should have and how much they should pay for it. Not
surprisingly, they always get it wrong. Have you ever noticed that late-stage socialist failures
always run out of essential items like toilet paper?
Of course, this isn't a problem for those who have the right connections with the right people.
Those chosen few get whatever they want. But everyone else is out of luck.
Venezuela, once the richest country in South America, is the most recent example of socialism
driving a prosperous country into an economic ditch. Maybe you think it's an unfair example. I'm
not sure why, but okay. We'll ignore the fact that leftist activists celebrated it as a great socialist
success--right up until it wasn't.
But what about Western European countries? Don't they have socialist economies? People seem
pretty happy there. Why can't we have what they have--free health care, free college, stronger
unions?
Good question. And the answer may surprise you.
There are no socialist countries in Western Europe. Most are just as capitalist as the United States.
The only difference--and it's a big one--is that they offer more government benefits than the U.S.
does.
We can argue about the costs of these benefits and the point at which they reduce individual ini-
tiative, thus doing more harm than good. Scandinavians have been debating those questions for
years. But only a free-market capitalist economy can produce the wealth necessary to sustain all
of the supposedly "free stuff" Europeans enjoy. To get the "free stuff," after all, you have to create
enough wealth to generate enough tax revenue to pay for everything the government gives away.
Without capitalism, you're Venezuela.
In a 2015 speech at Harvard, Denmark's prime minister took great pains to make this point: "I know
that some people in the U.S. associate the Nordic model with... socialism, therefore I would like
to make one thing clear. Denmark is far from a socialist planned economy. Denmark is a market
economy."
So when you point to Denmark as a paragon of socialism, you're really singing the praises of ca-
pitalism.
The more capitalism, the less "socialism" you need. Look at America since 2017. A policy of lower
taxes and less government regulation (that's more capitalism) has led to a robust economic ex-
pansion, something thought impossible just a few years earlier. Unemployment, notably among
minority groups typically most at risk for poverty, is at a generational low. Economic expansion
Page 84
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
gets people off welfare and into work (that's less "socialism").
None of this requires a degree in economics. Common sense is all you need. That's why it's so
frustrating to see young people praising socialism and criticizing capitalism. It's bad enough that
they're working against their own interest--better job prospects, better wages, personal freedom-
--but they are also working against the interest of the less fortunate.
Capitalism leads to economic democracy. Socialism leads to the economic dictatorship of the eli-
te. Always. And everywhere.
So beware what you ask for. You just might get it.
https://www.prageru.com/video/capitalism-vs-socialism/
Questions
1- Do you agree with the author when he talks about Venezuela? Why or why not?
2- Do you agree with the author when he talks about the Scandinavian countries? Why or why
not?
3- Can you point other socialist failures?
4- Do you believe capitalism is successful? Why or Why not?
5- Do you believe there is an “alternative” to capitalism?
6- What do you think of Brazilian economy?
7- Why do you think Brazil is not a developed country?
Page 85
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 86
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 87
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
cause the financial world simply assumed that Uncle Sam would. Would we have been better off
had the government saved Lehman's? Maybe in the short run. But it's likely that crisis would have
occurred anyway. Because banks assumed that the government would always bail them out, their
risk models by 2008 were all out of whack; conservative practices, like lending only to credit-wor-
thy borrowers, a relic of the past.
What's the solution? How do we bring sanity back to the financial industry? Not by passing thou-
sands of new regulations. The banks' army of accountants, lawyers and lobbyists can always work
their way around those. The solution is that the government must stop guaranteeing the big banks'
losses. Only then will bondholders, the big investors like pension funds and insurance companies,
who lend the financial sector the money they need to operate, have an incentive to police the
industry.
It's that simple.
Nicole Gelinas, a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute, for Prager University.
https://www.prageru.com/video/should-government-bail-out-big-banks/
Questions:
1- Do you believe governments should bail out banks? Why or why not?
2- Do you believe governments should bail out big companies? Why or why not?
3- Do you believe governments should invest in the private sector? Why or why not?
4- Do you believe governments should protect businesses? Why or why not?
5- Do you think governments should somehow intervene in the economy? Why or why not?
Page 88
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Where the US military was not ultimately victorious—the Vietnam War—50 million people were
deprived of freedom of speech, of assembly, of press, of travel, and of religion. As many as two
million were brutally imprisoned and murdered.
The only reason South Korea isn't an open-air concentration camp like its northern neighbor is be-
cause America came to South Korea's defense nearly 70 years ago. To this day, we still have 30,000
troops stationed there to protect the free South from the unfree North.
And it's not just the open conflicts the American military resolves; it's the not-wars—all the con-
flicts that were never fought because our adversaries feared the consequences of American mili-
tary involvement.
Let's put it this way: The reason Iowa soybeans can be shipped from Seattle to Shanghai, or cof-
fee from Colombia to Cleveland is because the American military—specifically, the Navy—stands
guard over the world's shipping lanes. Block those lanes and the price of everything skyrockets,
and international commerce grinds to a halt.
Like it or not, the US military has been, and remains, as close to a global sheriff as exists on planet
Earth—on the beat, keeping the peace.
Don't believe me? Ask yourself this very simple question: What if China disarmed? Or Iran? Or
North Korea? Or Russia? Think the world would be a better or worse place? The question answers
itself.
Now, imagine if America disarmed. Think China stays out of Taiwan or Hong Kong? Iran out of Isra-
el? North Korea out of South Korea? Russia out of eastern Europe? And those are just state actors.
Islamists would quickly return, bolder and more vicious than ever.
In short, new conflicts would spring up and old ones reignite all over the world. Freedom would
be in retreat every single day.
That's the dystopian future of a world without the US military. And that's because across the globe
for the last 100 years and more, the bad guys have been thwarted—not only by the American mi-
litary, of course. But in every major conflict, American military force has been decisive.
Questions:
1- What group should win the Nobel Peace Prize every year?
2- What's the reason why we are free today?
3- Who did the American Army save the free world from?
4- Is nacional security a given?
5- What happened where the US military was not ultimately victorious?
6- Why isn't South Korea an open-air concentration camp?
7- What are the not-wars?
8- What would happen if the American military didn't stand guard over the world's shipping lanes?
Page 90
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
either, nor can they remain in the bar where they got drunk in the first place. Basically, you must
use your own drunken “judgment” to decide the point at which you've had enough and kick your-
self out. Laugh all you want, but police still enforce this law.
Also illegal in Alaska: viewing moose from an airplane -- or pushing moose out of an airplane for
that matter, waking a sleeping bear to take a photo of it, and bringing flamingos into barber shops.
2. You must pronounce our state name correctly
Where: Arkansas
Before you make any plans to visit Arkansas, you better practice the proper pronunciation of the
state's name, or you could find yourself in hot water. State code strictly reinforces that “Arkansas”
is pronounced one way and one way only -- three syllables with the accent on the first and last
syllable, and a silent ‘s' at the end. They're having none of your Arkan-sass.
Also illegal in Arkansas: keeping alligators in bathtubs, getting a raise as a teacher after bobbing
your hair, killing any living creature whatsoever, and honking your horn at a sandwich shop after
9 pm.
3. No eating fried chicken with anything but your fingers
Where: Georgia
In Gainesville, Georgia, finger-lickin' chicken is not just a catchy slogan. It's literally the law. Since
1961, it has been illegal to use utensils to eat fried chicken in the self-proclaimed “poultry capital
of the world”, thanks to a publicity stunt that has remained part of the city code to this day. And
don't think they're too chicken to actually reinforce this cockamamie law nowadays. A tourist was
arrested for forking his fried chicken in 2009.
Also illegal in Georgia: carrying an ice cream cone in your back pocket on Sundays, using profanity
in front of a corpse at a funeral home, and keeping donkeys in bathtubs.
4. No greasing up pigs
Where: Minnesota
Okay, we understand that it gets a little boring in Minnesota sometimes during those long winters,
but oiling up pigs in your living room with the goal of trying to recapture the slippery swine is not
the most healthy or productive use of anyone's time. Apparently, pig greasing was so much of a
problem in the state that this ban had to be written into law in 1971.
Also illegal in Minnesota: sleeping naked, entering the state wearing a chicken or duck on your
head, driving a red car down Lake Street, eating hamburgers on Sundays, and standing around any
public building without having a reason to be there.
5. Don't buy junk from a drunk
Where: Wyoming
The fact this state regulation sounds more like a country music lyric than a law doesn't make it any
less real. Buying any kind of scrap metal or rubber, rags or paper from someone who is under the
influence of alcohol is strictly prohibited in the state.
Also illegal in Wyoming: being drunk in a mine, taking pictures of a rabbit between January and
April, shooting fish, failing to close a fence, and women standing within five feet of a bar while
drinking.
https://facty.com/network/answers/culture/insane-us-laws-you-wont-believe-exist/?style=quick&utm_source=adwords&utm_medium=m-sear-
ch&utm_term=stupid%20laws%20in%20the%20us&adid=397931562907&utm_campaign=FA-USA_-_Search_-_insane_us_laws_you_wont_be-
lieve_exist_-_Mobile&gclid=Cj0KCQjw3qzzBRDnARIsAECmrypwl7ZZ6TA1yvT-S74rivGUiqMWySsSjM8N1vRqOk0YeU4Q1V23Wn4aAllqEALw_wcB
Page 93
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
https://www.spectator.co.uk/2010/07/prison-may-not-work-for-them-but-it-works-for-us/
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/4251478/Criminologists-are-the-real-menace-to-society.html
Page 94
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
Page 95
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Questions:
1- Do you agree with the author's point of view? Why or why not?
2- Would you like to have a gun to protect yourself?
3- Do you think there are other ways to stop a psycho who holds a gun? If so, what ways are tho-
se?
4- Do you believe gun ownership increases violence? Why or why not?
5- Do you believe people should be allowed to have guns? Why or why not?
Page 97
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 98
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 99
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
For the Founders, a free society divorced from religion simply could not work and would not sur-
vive. It is no wonder then that in his Farewell Address, George Washington chastised those who
would claim to be patriots, and yet undermine the influence of religion: “Of all the dispositions
and habits which lead to political prosperity, religion and morality are indispensable supports.
In vain would that man claim the tribute of patriotism, who should labor to subvert these great
pillars of human happiness, these firmest props of the duties of men and citizens.”
The Founders did not demand that anyone believe in any particular religion or even in God – quite
the contrary. But while they understood the value of a secular government, they feared a secular
society – one without religion.
So should we.
Joshua Charles, writer and researcher at the Museum of the Bible, for Prager University.
https://www.prageru.com/video/was-america-founded-to-be-secular/
Questions:
Page 100
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
Page 101
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Amen
Page 102
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
Page 103
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
https://www.ushistory.org/declaration/document/
Questions:
1- What does one people should when it becomes necessary to declare their independence?
2- What are some unalienable rights of every human being?
3- Why is a government instituted? Where do its powers come from?
4- What's the right of the people if a government becomes destructive to those unalienable ri-
ghts?
Page 104
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
To some, the thought of jumping hundreds of feet off a cliff into a pool of water below is terrifying.
And then there are those who think, Where can I sign up?
If you’re part of the latter group of adrenaline junkies, you’ve probably done your fair share of
thrilling activities. But there are some places around the world that can provide an experience like
no other.
If you’re planning on visiting any of these three areas below, be sure to try an activity that will
surely get your blood pumping:
Costa Rica: From beaches to jungles to tropical rainforests, it’s no wonder Costa Rica is a popular
tourist favorite. But one of the best ways to see the local fauna and flora? Zip lining through the
Page 105
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
dense tropical region. Climb across cables and platforms, and slide down lines through the rainfo-
rest canopy. While there are plenty of places to go, Monteverde, Arenal, and Manuel Antonio are
known to have some of the best zip lining in the country.
New Zealand: Known as one of the best destinations in the world for extreme sports enthusiasts,
New Zealand will be a place you want to return to again and again. Try the Ledge Urban Bungy,
whose jumping point is located 1,312 feet over Queenstown. And thanks to a special harness, you
can even do flips, twists, and other stunts after you jump. Or, you can always go for a joyful swing
on the Nevis Swing, which is the highest of its kind in the world. If being suspended at high heights
isn’t your thing, you can always opt for white water rafting, mountain biking, skydiving, and more.
Switzerland: A popular destination for adrenaline junkies in Europe, Switzerland offers bungee
jumping, river rafting, canyon jumping, skydiving, rock climbing, and snowboarding through the
Alps. Paragliding is another popular option— if you do go, try it at either Interlaken (1,870 feet
high) or from the top of Schilthorn, which is 9,744 feet high.
Adapted from
www.healthytravelblog.com/2013/09/05/best-places-to-travel-for-extreme-sports/
1- What is one of the best ways to see Costa Rica’s fauna and flora?
2- What’s the highest swing in the world? Where is it located?
3- What else can you do in New Zealand if being suspended at high heights isn’t your thing?
4- What does Switzerland offer for those who enjoy extreme sports?
Page 106
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
Seven activities that are far more dangerous than you think
Cheerleading. If you actually think about it, this is one of the most dangerous activities you could
do. NFL cheerleaders don’t always perform crazy aerobatics, but some of the athletes are getting
tossed 30 feet in the air. If their teammates miss the catch on the way down, there’s nothing to
protect their head. It is also considered one of the most dangerous high school sports in America.
More head injuries are caused by cheerleading than high school football.
Scuba diving. Aside from the obvious risk of drowning, scuba diving can kill you in so many ways.
You can surface way too quickly, there could be a bad mix of gas in your tank, you could bump your
head on a rock, and let’s not forget about sharks!
Bull riding. This activity used to be way more dangerous. Now they wear bulletproof vests so they
don’t get gored, but the helmet is still optional, so that’s it. We still don’t understand why someo-
ne would want to sit on top of a pissed off bull.
Surfing. Surfers are true adrenaline junkies. Falling into the water from sea level might sound like
a harmless thing, but surfers are usually traveling at a very high rate of speed. On top of that, they
don’t just hit the water; they often hit the reef below. If the water and the reef don’t kill them, then
the sharks will. All around, you have to be pretty crazy to want to surf.
Racing. Racing is an extremely dangerous sport. Imagine crashing into a wall at 200 miles per hour
in either a vehicle or a motorcycle. The chances of surviving that are pretty slim. On top of that, the
fuel could ignite and then you’ll be burned to death. It’s a death we wish upon no one.
Boxing. Boxing, and its cousin MMA, are sports where literally every athlete walks away from with
an injury. Whether they be small injuries like a black eye or a fat lip or more severe injuries, they
can really take a toll on people. Approximately 10 people die each year in boxing from head and
neck injuries sustained during a bout. The number grows much larger when you consider the num-
ber of people who die after a prolonged career of getting their heads beaten in. The same could
be said about all fighting sports.
Mountaineering. You wouldn’t expect it, but mountaineering can be one of the most dangerous
sports out there. Each year, there are thousands of people who are injured while mountaineering.
Most of those injuries result from slipping on a rock or falling. But the number of dangers in the
wilderness is almost insurmountable. Death is common, but more so are missing persons.
Adapted from:
www.sportscasting.com/deadliest-dangerous-professional-sport-isnt-think/
Page 108
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
Page 109
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
1- They are excellent listeners. Polite people always seem to have excellent active listening skills.
Active listening is the act of fully concentrating, understanding, responding to, and remembering
what the other person says. Active listeners resist the urge to speak over someone. You allow pe-
ople to finish their thoughts before introducing your own.
2- They smile often. What do you think of when you see someone smiling? Well, if you’re like most
people, you want to smile back. Have you ever considered why you often want to smile back when
someone smiles? Well, besides being the polite thing to do, it turns out that smiling is (literally)
contagious.
3- They pay no mind to drama. Genuinely polite people don’t waste their time or energy listening
to drama. Dismissing drama needn’t be abrasive or uncomfortable. When the local drama queen
comes your way with a juicy tidbit, simply acknowledge with an “I see” and change the subject.
No harm, no foul.
Page 110
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
4- They are not complainers. Okay, there is a time and place for (constructive) complaining. But
there’s complaining and complainers. The former is used as a conversational tool to air grievances;
the latter is a type of person who takes the former to the extreme – by complaining about every
little inconvenience.
5- They think before speaking. We’re all adults now, and as adults we have the capacity – in fact,
the obligation – to think before we speak. Not following such simple advice has led to many argu-
ments, broken hearts, and damaged relationships.
6- They neither gossip nor listen to it. Gossip is something that mature adults shouldn’t do, pe-
riod. Anyone who despises gossip will tell you that it’s pointless, energy-draining, annoying, and
despicable.
7- They don’t proselytize. Having beliefs and opinions is okay. It’s not okay to try and force your
beliefs or opinions onto someone else. Needless to say, polite people don’t drone on about their
precious beliefs and opinions knowing that such behavior is immature and rude.
8- They respect personal boundaries. Few things are more sacred to most people than personal
space. Speaking of personal space, not everyone is okay with casual touching or patting, even
when done with the best of intentions.
9- They treat others as equals. Treat everyone he meets with dignity and respect, regardless of
so-called status. Polite people treat others with respect and as equals.
10- They don’t judge others. Truly polite people do not judge others. The reason is quite simple:
they don’t know the other’s story – and neither do we. Judging someone is the epitome of igno-
rance, not to mention rudeness.
The truth is that when we judge, there’s something about ourselves – not someone else – with
which we’re deeply unhappy.
Adapted from:
www.powerofpositivity.com/polite-people-habits/
Page 111
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
Page 112
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Adapted from:
https://www.nytimes.com/guides/realestate/how-to-buy-a-house
Page 113
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
Page 114
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 115
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Adapted from:
www.auto.howstuffworks.com/under-the-hood/trends-innovations/5-future-car-technologies4.htm
Page 116
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
Page 117
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 118
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
6. Strive to be objective.
Objectivity is paramount when it comes to making crucial choices, some of which may be life-al-
tering. In addition to recognizing any bias you have, also strive to be objective in your decision-
-making process.
7. Consider what your instincts tell you.
Some call it a sixth sense, while others say it’s relying on your gut. Listen to what your instincts
tell you, for they’re often right when it comes to what’s best for you or what you should be paying
attention to before making a key decision.
8. Weigh pros and cons.
Every decision has pluses and minuses to consider. Some are obvious, while others can only be
discerned through a careful analysis of the facts, other knowledge gleaned from experience, the
advice of trusted friends, loved ones or family members, co-workers and experts.
Adapted from:
https://psychcentral.com/blog/15-tips-to-help-you-make-the-most-important-decisions/
Page 119
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
Page 120
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 121
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
7. Gain a sense of proportion. How big of a deal, really, is the thing you’re afraid of? We sometimes
get so caught up in the success or failure of a particular quest that we lose sense of where it fits
in with everything else we value. Ask yourself what’s the worst that can happen? Sometimes the
reality is bad, but often you might find that the fear itself is worse than whatever it is you’re afraid
of happening.
8. Get help. Whatever you’re afraid of, is it something you have to do alone? Can you find a mentor
or support group to help you through it? Athletes have coaches. Students have teachers. Some-
times friends, even if they have no expertise in the area you’re struggling with, can provide the
needed support to face your fear.
9. Be willing to pivot. As the adage goes, “If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.” But there’s
also the saying “Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different re-
sults.” If you’re afraid to do something again because it didn’t work out the last time, figure out
why it didn’t work, and try something different before you give up trying altogether.
10. Focus on others as your motivation. There are things we would never do for ourselves that we
would quickly and fearlessly do for others. Hyrum Smith, the co-founder of Franklin Covey, once
asked a mother in his audience during a presentation if she would be willing to cross a standard
metal “I beam” placed from the roof of one skyscraper to another. She said no, she wouldn’t. He
asked her if she would do it for a million dollars, and added that now there was a bit of wind and
some raindrops falling. She still wouldn’t. Then he told her to imagine he was holding her child
over the edge of the opposite building, and if she wasn’t there in 10 seconds he would drop the
child. What do you think her answer was under those circumstances?
Adapted from:
https://www.forbes.com/sites/joshsteimle/2016/01/04/14-ways-to-conquer-fear/#7080366d1c48
Page 122
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
To form(ed) – formar Converse – contrário
To accept(ed) – aceitar Situation – situação
To depend(ed) (on) – depender (de) Tricky – complicado
To stablish(ed) – estabelecer Rate – taxa
To view(ed) – ver Entire – inteiro
To repeat(ed) – repetir Commitment – compromisso, acordo
To avoid(ed) – evitar For the sake of – pelo bem de
To require(d) – requerer Negotiation – negociação
To communicate(d) – comunicar Effectively – efetivamente
To treat(ed) – tratar Main – principal
To mention(ed) – mencionar Properly – apropriadamente
To clarify(ied) – esclarecer Rarely – raramente
To earn(ed) – ganhar por merecimento Issue – problema, questão
To protect(ed) – proteger Cause – causa
To recognize(d) – reconhecer Argument – discussão, briga
To appreciate(d) – apreciar, ser grato Disagreement – divergência, discordância
To demonstrate(d) – demonstrar Sadly – tristemente
To sacrifice(d) – sacrificar Policy – política
To share(d) – compartilhar Attempt – tentativa
To acknowledge(d) – reconhecer Trouble – problema
To hide, hid, hidden – esconder Talent – talento
To seek, sought, sought – buscar, procurar Effort – esforço
To break, broke, broken – quebrar Leadership – liderança
To arise, arose, arisen – surgir Teamwork – trabalho em equipe
To self-promote – autopromover Approval – aprovação
To fall apart – desmoronar Possibly – possivelmente
To follow through – continue, siga Value – valor
When it comes to – quando se trata de Belief – crença
To get the job done – fazer o trabalho Humanity – humanidade
Basis – base Opportunity – oportunidade
Relationship – relacionamento Vulnerable – vulnerável
Essential – essencial Like – como
Page 123
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Page 124
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Adapted from:
https://www.liveyourtruestory.com/13-simple-strategies-for-building-trust-communication/
Page 125
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
Page 126
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Previous vocabulary
Page 128
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
that negativity and that can be difficult. Respect the people in your office and help them to respect
each other.
Listen.
Along the same lines of respect, open communication leads to a happier work environment. We
don’t need to once again state the great importance of communication within the workplace (even
though it really can’t be overstated), but it is especially relevant to how your workforce feels
valued. When they bring up an issue, a question, or an idea, you owe it to them to listen. You might
not agree with them, but understand their position, discuss it with them and leave them feeling
like they were heard. When employees are missing this quality at work, they feel as though they
are an undervalued part of the operation.
Invest personal interests.
Some managers maintain that it is a bad idea to form friendships or personal connections to their
employees. To them I say this; grow up. If you can’t balance having a decent and reciprocal rela-
tionship with someone while keeping up your professional duties, then maybe you shouldn’t be a
manager. A real effective manager gets to know their employees. They learn about their families,
their life outside of work, their background, their interests. This kind of knowledge is not just
being a decent person, but it makes employees feel as though they are a part of something instead
of just a worker drone.
Be positive, even in the tougher situations.
Positivity can be hard for some people but it is a quality that is essential for managers. Whether it
is fair or not, and whether it is blatant or not, employees often look to managers as the example of
the established attitude of the office. Of course, a positive attitude is the preferable route to take,
but that goes beyond saying good morning to everyone at the start of a new day. Every office has
difficult situations they have to deal with, and staying positive in these situations can be a little
more difficult. Positivity doesn’t mean turning a blind eye to real issues, but rather that you don’t
allow the negativity to cloud the bright aspects of the workplace.
Give feedback.
Above all else, you employees want to know that their work is being valued. As a manager, your
job is to be aware of the work your employees are doing and provide them with the appropriate
feedback. When giving feedback, many of the qualities we’ve discussed above come into play. You
have to be respectful of their work, listen to their reasoning for their approach, be positive about
going forward. And when someone is doing a good job, go out of your way to acknowledge it and
show them that their hard work it noted and appreciated.
Page 129
Licenciado para - Beway Idiomas Ltda - 32289834000155 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
Licenciado para - DANIEL RODRIGUES DIAS - 00467488142 - Protegido por Eduzz.com
QUERO AS AULAS
AO VIVO