Madeleine

Leininger
"Nursing is the art of
improving and providing
culturally congruent care to
people that is beneficial, will
fit with, and will be useful to
the client, family, or culture
group healthy lifeways"
Madeleine Leininger (July 13, 1925 –
August 10, 2012)

German Irish
Father Mother
 Life and
Education
July 13, 1925, in Sutton, Nebraska
PhD in social and cultural
anthropology at the University of
Washington
Sutton High, she was in the U.S.
Army Nursing Corps
She earned a nursing diploma from
St. Anthony’s Hospital School of
Nursing, followed by
undergraduate degrees at Mount
St. Scholastica College and
Creighton University.
Leininger's Early
Publications
Nursing and
Anthropology: Two
Worlds to Blend
(Published in 1970)
Transcultural Nursing:
Concepts, Theories,
Research, and Practice
(Published in 1978)
Transcultural

Theory of

Nursing
 Origin of Theory
Clinical Nurse specialist in child psychiatry
-Children's guidance home
-Filled with many cultures of children
-Cultural expectations from parents were different
Spirit of Think
Inquiry Differently

Mid 1950's declared that Care is (and should be)

the essence of nursing
 Nursing

Transcultural
Nursing Theory

Anthropology
 Anthropology
The study of humans: their
origins, behaviors, customs,
social relationships, and
development over time.
 New body of Knowledge
Away From Toward

Medical Knowing
Cultures
Symptoms
Caring About
Diseases Values and
Treatments Patterns
 Cultural care
dimentions:
1. WORLDVIEW OF CARING
2. LANGUAGE OF CARING
3. PHILOSOPHICAL AND RELIGIOUS FACTORS
4. KINSHIP AND SOCIAL FACTORS
5. CULTURAL VALUES, BELIEFS, AND LIFEWAYS
6. POLITICAL AND LEGAL FACTORS
7. ECONOMIC FACTORS
8. EDUCATIONAL FACTORS
9. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS
 Concepts and Definitions
Human care and caring
Involves the expression of ways that assist,
support, enable, and/or facilitate help for oneself
or others.
Culture World View
Culture Care Cultural and
social structure
Culture care diversity and dimensions
Envonrimental
Culture care context
universality
Transcultural Nursing
Culture care preservation Culture care
or maintenance re-patterning or restructuring

Culture care accommodation Culturally competent

or negotiation nursing care
 EMIC ETIC
Refers to an Means the outsider's
viewpoints of the
insider's views culture and reflects
and knowledge more on the
professional angles of
of the culture nursing