‫ وجدان احمد علي الغامدي‬:‫االسم‬ :‫الرقم‬

‫ إدارة مشاريع نظم المعلومات‬:‫مقرر‬ CRN F65 :‫المجموعة‬

Part 1
Quick Questions
1. Generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product
characteristics to those of other projects or products.
a. interviews
b. Benchmarking
c. surveys
d. observation
2. It is subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more
manageable components
a. Activity
b. WBS
c. WBS dictionary
d. work package
3. An ____________ is an element of work normally found on the work
breakdown structure.
e. WBS
f. Activity duration
g. Activity or task
h. Gantt chart
4. What symbol on a Gantt chart represents a slipped milestone?
a. a black arrow
b. a white arrow
c. a black diamond
d. a white diamond
5. A __________ is a common tool for displaying project schedule
information.
a. network diagram
b. Gantt chart
c. Tracking Gantt chart
d. milestone chart

Part 2
Write a mini research about the Quality Assurance in general. Not exceed
5 pages.
 Introduction

quality assurance:
Quality assurance is a systematic system for companies and organizations to
demonstrate certain levels of quality in their services or services. Quality
assurance includes a set of processes and techniques aimed at improving
quality at all stages of production or service provision. The main objective and
quality is to ensure that customers' expectations and needs are met by providing
defect-free products or services.

Importance of quality assurance:

1. Improving the quality of products and services: It works to ensure the quality
of processes and their causes, which leads to improving the quality of the
products or services provided.

2. Customer satisfaction: By ensuring quality, improving the customer

experience and increasing customer satisfaction, which increases the chances of
obtaining new customers and attracting new clients.

3. Increased trust: Quality assurance contributes to building trust between

customers and business partners and strengthens the organization.

4. Reducing costs: by reducing the reasons for re-repair, including saving

production costs or providing services.

5. Comprehensive enterprise: The ability to provide or provide high quality

services and the ability to compete in local specialties.

6. Facilitating Sustainability: Continuously ensuring quality in achieving

business and institutional sustainability by achieving high levels of quality.

In short, ensuring the quality of production of companies' products, which is

essential for success and survival in the competing selection.
Quality concept:
Quality is a comprehensive concept that refers to the quality of a particular
product or service that matches customer expectations and needs. It is about
achieving the highest levels of customer satisfaction and ensuring that the
product or service is free of defects and errors.

Quality Dimensions:
1. Performance: This dimension includes the ability of the product or service to
perform the required tasks effectively and without problems.

2. Reliability: This dimension expresses the ability of the product or service to

perform reliably without breakdown or defect.

3. Durability: This dimension includes the ability to remain in place and

maintain its quality over the long term.

4. Aesthetic: Related to the design aspects and visual appeal of the product or
service.

5. Compliance: relates to the extent to which a product or service complies with

strict standards and regulations.
How to measure and evaluate quality:
1. Process control: All stages of production or service provision are monitored
to ensure excellence in quality.

2. Product testing and inspection: This includes examining samples of products

to ensure they meet specifications.

3. Customer surveys: Customer opinions about quality can be collected through

surveys and ratings.

4. Data analysis: Quality-related data is collected and analyzed to understand

performance and identify areas that need improvement.

5. Comparison with standards: The quality of the product or service is

compared with recognized standards to estimate the extent of compatibility.

6. Provide instruction and training: Train employees on how to achieve quality

and meet customer expectations.

7. Continuous improvement: Based on data and feedback, plans to continually

improve quality must be developed.

In short, measuring and evaluating quality relies on a set of tools and practices
to ensure the highest levels of quality are achieved and customer expectations
are met.
Types of quality assurance
There are many types of quality assurance, and these types vary by industry
and field. Here are some common types of quality assurance:

1. **Total Quality Management (TQM):** A ganzheitliche approach to quality

improvement that includes all aspects of an organization. TQM focuses on the
involvement of all employees in improving quality and ensuring customer
satisfaction.

2. **ISO 9001:2000:** An international standard that specifies the

requirements for a quality management system. It is based on the principles of
quality-oriented management and process documentation.

3. **Design Quality Assurance (QA):** Relates to delivering a product that

meets required standards through effective design.

4. **Quality Assurance in Manufacturing (QC):** Related to monitoring and

ensuring quality during manufacturing processes.

5. **Service Quality Assurance (SQ):** Applying quality assurance to services

rather than products. Quality assurance in services includes monitoring
performance and improving service operations.

6. **Strategic Quality Management (SQM):** Related to linking quality to

business objectives and market needs and developing strategies to achieve
quality objectives.

7. **Industrial Quality Assurance (IQA):** It involves applying strict quality

standards in industries such as the pharmaceutical and food industries.

8. **Software Quality Assurance (SQA):** Includes practices and processes to

ensure quality in software development and maintenance.

9. **Education Quality Assurance (EQA):** Related to providing education at

a high level of quality in educational institutions.

10. **Quality assurance in the health sector (HQA):** Applying quality

assurance in the field of health care to ensure the quality of medical services.

These are examples of some types of quality assurance, and there are many
others depending on the specific industry and field.
**The Importance of Quality Assurance:**
1. **Customer Satisfaction:** Quality assurance ensures that products and
services meet and exceed customer expectations, resulting in increased
customer satisfaction and the retention of existing customers while attracting
new ones.

2. **Building Trust:** Quality contributes to building trust between an

organization and its customers. Customers feel secure and confident when they
know that products or services adhere to high-quality standards.

3. **Enhancing Competitiveness:** Companies and organizations that

prioritize quality find themselves more competitive in the market. Quality
enhances the reputation of the organization and attracts new customers.

4. **Cost Reduction:** By improving processes and reducing errors and

defects, companies can save on production and service costs.

5. **Improving Sustainability:** Commitment to high-quality standards

ensures the sustainability of businesses and organizations in the long run.

6. **Continuous Improvement:** Quality assurance encourages innovation and

continuous development to enhance processes and increase production
efficiency.

7. **Meeting Safety and Regulatory Requirements:** In many industries such

as food and pharmaceuticals, quality assurance plays a vital role in ensuring
safety and compliance with government regulations.

8. **Enhancing Reputation and Public Image:** Quality helps build a positive

reputation for the organization and its public image.

In general, quality assurance is an investment in the future for businesses and

organizations. It is an essential element for ensuring business sustainability and
success in a market that demands excellence and meeting customer
expectations.