1.

What social psychologist is often regarded as the father of action research, and in which
decade did he contribute significantly to its foundations?

2. Describe the Action Cycle Model developed by Kurt Lewin in the 1940s. How does it
contribute to the practice of action research?

3. In the 1950s, action research found its initial applications in education. Who were some of
the educators mentioned in this context, and how did they apply action research to improve
teaching and learning?

4. Explain the concept of the participatory approach in the context of action research,
emphasizing the active participation of education professionals and students. How does this
approach contribute to addressing specific problems in the classroom?

5. During the 1960s, action research expanded beyond education to other fields such as social
sciences and humanities. How was it adopted to address social and community problems, and
in what ways did it influence critical theory?

6. Detail the internationalization of action research during the 1970s and 1980s. Provide
examples of its applications in different cultural and geographic contexts.

7. Discuss the diversification of methods in action research during the same period. What
variety of approaches and methods were developed and adopted, and how did they adapt to
different disciplines and needs?

8. From the 1990s onwards, action research has faced criticisms, such as a lack of
methodological rigor and subjectivity. Elaborate on these criticisms and discuss potential
strategies to address them.

9. Explore the evolution of action research as it integrates with other research approaches,
particularly participatory research and practice-based research. How has this integration
improved the overall research landscape?

10. In the 21st century, action research remains relevant in various fields. Provide examples of
its current applications in education, health, and organizational management.

11. Examine the increasing use of action research in projects related to technology, innovation,
and sustainable development in the 21st century. How does action research contribute to
advancements in these areas?

12. In the context of ethical considerations in action research, discuss the growing importance
of ethics. How does action research ensure social impact and informed participation?

13. Explain the significance of continuous reflection in action research. Why is critical reflection
considered fundamental for the evolution and continuous improvement of the action research
process?

14. Reflect on the potential challenges that researchers and participants may face in action
research projects related to technology and sustainable development in the 21st century. How
can these challenges be addressed?
15. Discuss the role of action research in organizational management. How has it been applied
to address practical problems and improve practices within organizational settings?

16. Explore the impact of action research on the field of health. How has it contributed to
solving practical problems and enhancing healthcare practices?

17. In what ways can action research be applied to address issues in the realm of social justice
and equality? Provide examples of successful interventions or projects that have utilized action
research for social change.

18. Investigate the role of action research in educational policy development. How can
collaborative research efforts influence policy decisions and bring about positive changes in
education?

19. Examine the challenges and opportunities associated with the participatory approach in
action research. How does active participation enhance the validity and relevance of research
outcomes?

20. Reflect on the future of action research. What trends and innovations can we anticipate in
the application and methodology of action research in the coming years?