LOYOLA HIGH SCHOOL Estd. 1969 re CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT = Chemistry investigatory project on :- “TO COMPARE THE FOAMING CAPACITY OF DIFFERENT SAMPLE OF SOAPS” SESSION :- 2023-24 SUBMITTED By:- Priyanshu Bhardwaj Class:- XII-B Board roll no:-CERTIFICATE THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT PRIYANSHU BHARDWAJ OF CLASS 123’ BOARD ROLL NO. HAS SUCESSFULLY COMPLETED THE CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT “TO COMPARE THE FOAMING CAPACITY OF DIFFERENT SAMPLE OF SOAPS” DURING THE SESSION 2023-24 FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL EXAM FOR AISSCE 2023-24 TEACHER SIGNATUREACKNOWLEDGEMENT IN THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THIS PROJECT SUCESSFULLY, MANY PEOPLE HAVE BEST OWNED UPON ME THEIR BLESSINGS AND THE HEART PLEDGED SUPPORT , THIS TIME I AM UTILIZING TO THANKS ALL THE PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN CONCERNED WITH THE PHYSICS PROJECT. PRIMARILY I WOULD LIKE TO THANK GOD FOR BEING ABLE TO COMPLETE THIS PROJECT WITH PRIN IPAL BROTHER SUDHAKAR REDDY AND CHEMISTRY TEACHER MR. MANJEET KUMAR WHOSE VALUABLE GUIDANCE HAS BEEN THE ONES THAT HELPED ME PATCH THIS PROJECT AND MAKE ND HIS SUGGESTION AND INSTRUCTION HAS SERVED AS THE MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TOWARDS THE COMPLETION OF PROJECT. THEN I WOULD LIKE TO THANK MY PARETS AND FRIENDS WHO HAVE HELPED ME WITH THEIR VALUABLE SUGGESTION AND GUIDANCE HAS BEEN HELPFUL IN VARIOUS PHASES OF THE COMPLETION OF THIS PROJECT. LAST BUT NOT LEAST I WOULD LIKE TO THANK OUR CHEMISTRY LAB ASSISTANT AND MY CLASS MATES WHO HAVE HELPED ME A LOT. PRIYANSHU BHARDWAJ ROLL :- 341. INTRODUCTION 2. AIM 3. OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT 4. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 5. THEORY 6. PROCEDURE 7. OBSERVATION 8.CALCULATIONS 8. RESULT 9. CONCLUSION 10. BIBLIOGRAPHYAIM TO STUDY THE FOAMING CAPACITY AND FOAM STABILITY OF SOAPSThe objective of this project is to compare the foaming capacities and foam stability of different samples of soaps and hence to determine the best brand among them.INTRODUCTION Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids. The higher fatty acids may be such as stearic acid (C,,H,,COOH), palmitic acid (C,sH;,COOH). A soap molecule has a lipophilic (oil soluble) part and a hydrophilic (water soluble) part. Soaps are used for washing purposes. When soap is shaken with water, it produces foam which is responsible for removal of dirt. A soap which produces more foam is more effective in cleaning. The cleaning action of soap can be explained by keeping in mind that a soap molecule contains a non-polar lipophilic group and a polar hydrophilic group. The dirt is held on the surface of clothes by the oil or grease which is present there. When soap is applied, the non-polar alkyl group dissolves in oil droplets while the polar —COO-Na’ group remains dissolved in water. In this way, each oil droplet is surrounded by negative charge. These negatively charged oil droplets cannot coalesce and a stable emulsion is formed. These oil droplets containing dirt particles can be washed away with water. Soap molecule Long Hydrocarbon Chain (Hydrophobic end) Hydrophilic endSoap molecul (a) Soap micelle (a) Soap micelle entraps the dirt particle Cleansing action of soapMATERIALS AND REQUIREMENTS To do this experiment we will need the following materials and equipments: > 200 ml beaker > Watch glass > Weighing machine > 250 ml measuring cylinder > Stop-watch > Different samples of soaps > Distilled water > Glass rodTHEORY There is no quantitative method for the determination of foaming capacity of soap. However, the foaming capacity of different soaps can be compared qualitatively by the following way. Solutions of different soapsare prepared by dissolving their equal weights in equal volumes of distilled water. These solutions are shaken vigorously to produce foam and then they are allowed to stand. The volume of the foam produced initially is noted and compared as well as volume of foam remaining after a specific amount of time for each solution is also noted.7he greater the quantity of foam produced in a given sample of soap, greater is its foaming capacity and longer the time taken for disappearance of foam, greater is its foam stability. Foaming capacity = (Foam volume/initial sample volume)*100% Foam stability = (Foam volume after 30min/initial foam volume)*100%PROCED . Weigh 1g of each of the different samples of soapsprovided to you in a watch glass. . Dissolve each of these weighed samples in distilled water separately, in different beakers to form a total of 200ml solution. Label the solutions as 1,2,3,4 etc. . Stir the sample thoroughly with a glass rod to produce foam. 4. Pour the solution into a 250 ml measuring cylinder. . Measure the amount of foam present in the measuring cylinder and note down the readings. 6. After 30 minutes, note down the final readings in a tabular form. . Repeat the above steps for all the samples provided to you.OBSERVATION Weight of the each soap sample taken = Ig Volume of the solution after mixing the soap sample to the water = 200mL, for each sample taken Observation Table: Initial reading Initial volume of Final reading soap | Lower | Upper foam Lower | Upper Final volume of foam (after 30 min) Decrease in volume of foam after 30 min Liquid dishwasher Vim’ 24ml 8m Pril 32ml 8ml Bizz 4oml 30ml \d wash soap Wonderspa 7.5ml 15ml Dettol 15m 47.5ml Lifebuoy 30ml 12.5ml 17.5ml ‘Shampoo Himalaya 50m! 7.sml Sunsilk 42.5ml 7.sml Dheedhi 32.Sml SmCALCULATIONS Foaming capacity = (initial volume of foam/ initial volume of sample solution)*100 Foam stability = (final volume of foam/ initial volume of foam)*100 Foaming capacity of — 1. Vim = 16 2. Pril=20 3. Bizz = 35 4. Wonderspa = 11.25 5. Dettol = 31.25 Foam stability of — - Vim = 75 . Pril= 80 . Bizz = 57.14 . Wonderspa = 33.33 - Dettol = 24 . Lifebuoy = 15 . Himalaya = 25 . Sunsilk = 21,25 . Dheedhi = 16.25 . Lifebuoy = 41.67 . Himalaya = 85 . Sunsilk = 82.35 . Dheedhi = 84.61RESULT Among liquid dishwashers, Pril has maximum foaming capacity and Pril has maximum foam stability. Best liquid dishwasher brand among these is Pril. Among hand wash soaps, Dettol has maximum foaming capacity and Lifebuoy has maximum foam stability. Best hand wash soap brand among these is Dettol. Among shampoos, Himalaya has maximum foaming capacity and Himalaya has maximum foam stability. Best shampoo brand among these is Himalaya.CONCLUSION The soap that makes more volume of foam has the highest foaming capacity and that which takes more time to disappear, has maximum foam stability. The soap with maximum foaming capacity and maximum foam stability is the best quality soap or detergent among the samples tested. If foaming capacity is high and foam stability is low or foam stability is high and foaming capacity is low, we draw the conclusion that soap with higher foaming capacity is the better soap.BIBLOGRAPHY INTERNET 1. www.google.co.in 2. www.ichse.com 3. www.youtube.com BOOKS J. Comprehensive practical chemistry