Psychoanalytic

/Psychosexual
Theory
of
Sigmund Freud
✓ Freud’s views about human
development are more than a century
old.
✓He can be considered the most well
known pyschologist because of his very
interesting theory about the unconcious
and also about sexual development.
✓Freud’s theory remains to be one of the
most influential in pyschology.
✓His theory sparked the ideas in the
brilliant minds of other theorist and
thus became the starting point of many
other theories, notable of which is
Erikson’s Pyschosocial theory.
Sigmund Freud (May 6, 1856 to Sept. 23, 1939) founded
psychoanalysis.
Freud is the most popular
pyschologist that studied the
development of personality.
Founder of Pyschosexual
development theory.
Develops 5 distinct stages of
Psychosexual Development.
Psychoanalytic Theory

✓According to Freud, a person goes

through the sequence of these five stages
and along the way there are needs to be
met. Whether these needs are met or
not, determines whether the person will
develop a healthy personality or not.
Psychoanalytic Theory

✓ Freud identified specific erogenous zones

for each stage of development.
✓ Erogenous zone or “pleasure area” become
a focal points for the particular stage.
✓ Fixation occurs when needs are not met
along the area.
✓ As an adult, the person will now manifest
behaviors related to this erogenous zone.
Psychoanalytic Theory

Erogenous zones
✓ especially sensitive to sexual stimulation,
as certain areas of the body:erogenous
zones.
✓ arousing or tending to arouse sexual
desire; sexually stimulating
✓ Pleasure Area
Psychoanalytic Theory

Fixation
✓ is a concept in human psychology that was
originated by Sigmund Freud (1905) to
denote the persistence of anachronistic
sexual traits.
✓ The term subsequently came to denote
object relationships with and
attachments to people or things in general
persisting from childhood into adult life
Psychoanalytic Theory

Fixation
✓ Freud believed that persistent fixations
were due to unresolved issues in previous
psychological stages of personality
development.
✓ Results from failure to satisfy the needs of
a particular psychosexual stage
Stages of Psychosexual
Development
Oral Stage
✓ (birth to 18 months)
✓ The erogenous zone is the mouth.
✓ During this stage the child is focused on
oral pleasures (sucking) (such as thumb
sucking, Breastfeeding, etc.)
Stages of Psychosexual
Development
Oral Stage
✓ Too much or too little satisfaction can
lead to an Oral Receptive that is have a
stronger tendency to smoke, drink
alchohol, over-eat or Oral Aggressive,
strong tendency to bite his/her nails, or
use curse words or even gossip.
Stages of Psychosexual
Development
Oral Stage
✓ As a result, these persons may became too
dependent on others, easily fooled and
lack leadership traits. On the other hand,
they may also fight these tendencies and
become pessimistic and aggressive in
relating with people.
Stages of Psychosexual
Development
Anal Stage
✓ (18 months to 3 years)
✓ The child’s focus of pleasure is the anus.
✓ The child finds satisfaction in eliminating
and retaining feces.
✓ Through society’s expectations,
particularly the parents, the child needs
to work on toilet training.
Stages of Psychosexual
Development
Anal Stage
✓ 1 year and half of three years child’s
favorite word might be “NO”.
✓ Therefore a struggle might exist in the
toilet training process when the child
retains feces when asked to eliminate or
may choose to defecate when asked to
hold feces for some reason.
Stages of Psychosexual
Development
Anal Stage
✓ In terms of personality fixation during
this stage in being Anal Retentive an
obsession with cleanliness , perfection,
and control or Anal Expulsive where the
person may become messy and
disorganized.
Stages of Psychosexual
Development
Phallic Stage
✓ (ages 3-6)
✓ The pleasure or erogenous zone is
genitals.
✓ During the preschoolers will sometimes
become interested in what makes boys
and girls different.
✓ Preschoolers will sometimes be seen
fondling their genitals.
Stages of Psychosexual
Development
Phallic Stage
✓ Freud’s studies led him to believe that this
stage, boys develops unconscious sexual
desire for their mother and see their father
as a rival for her mother’s affection.
Stages of Psychosexual
Development
Phallic Stage
✓ Castration Anxiety – Fear of punishment
for affectionate unconscious sexual
feelings for parent with opposite sex.
▪ Oedipus Complex
▪ Electra Complex
Stages of Psychosexual
Development
Phallic Stage
✓ Oedipus Complex
▪ While in this stage, children become
aware of their genitals and gender
differences as well as the difference
between male and females. Freud also
stated that, this awareness alters the
parent-child relationship.
▪ During the phallic stage, the male child
begins to desire his mother sexually
and treats the father as a rival. (Mama’s
Boy)
Stages of Psychosexual
Development
Phallic Stage
✓ Electra Complex
▪ During the phallic stage, female child
develops unconcious sexual attraction
towards their father and treat their
mother as a rival. (Papa’s Girl)
Stages of Psychosexual
Development
Phallic Stage
✓ According to Freud, boys eventually
identify their father and develops
masculine characteristics and repress
their sexual feelings towards their
mother. A fixation at this stage could
result in sexual deviancies and weak or
confused sexual identity.
Stages of Psychosexual
Development
Latency Stage
✓ (age 6- puberty)
✓ This stage remains sexual repressed.
✓ The child’s focus is the
acquisition(developing of skills, habit or
quality) of physical and academic skills.
✓ Boys usually relate more with the boys
and girls with girls during this stage.
Stages of Psychosexual
Development
Genital Stage
✓ (Puberty onwards)
✓ The fifth stage of psychosexual
development begins at the start of
puberty when sexual urges are once
again awakened.
Stages of Psychosexual
Development
Genital Stage
✓ In the earlier stages, adolescents focus
their sexual urges towards the opposite
sex peers, with the pleasure centered on
the genitals.
 Freud’s
Personality
Components
 Freud’s Personality
Components
✓ Freud described the personality
structures as having three components.
 Freud’s Personality
Components
Id
✓ Freud says that a child is born with the
id.
✓ The id plays a vital role in one’s
personality because, as a baby, it works so
that the baby’s essential needs are met.
 Freud’s Personality
Components
Id
✓ The id operates on the pleasure needs. It
focuses on immediate gratification or
satisfaction of its needs.
 Freud’s Personality
Components
Ego
✓ As the baby turns into a toddler and then
into a preschooler he/she relates more
with the environment the ego slowly
begins to emerge.
✓ It refers to help id meet its needs.
 Freud’s Personality
Components
Ego
✓ The ego operates
ego
using the reality.
✓ It is practical
id
because it knows
that being impulsive
or selfish can result
to negative
consequences.
 Freud’s Personality
Components
Superego
✓ Near the end of the preschool years, or
the end of the phallic stage, the superego
develops.
✓ The superego embodies a person’s moral
aspect.
✓ This develops from what the parents,
teachers and other persons who exert
influence impart to be good or moral.
 Freud’s Personality Be Good!
Components ☺
Superego
✓ The superego is likened to conscience
because it exerts influence on what one
considers right and wrong.
Freud said that a well adjusted person is
one who has strong ego, who can help
satisfy the needs of id without going
against the superego. Ego serves as balance.
If the id exerts too much power over the
ego, the person becomes too impulsive and
pleasure-seeking behavior takes over one’s
life.
If the superego is higher than ego, the
persons becomes to harsh and judgmental
to himself and others action. The person’s
best effort to be good may still fall short of
the superego’s expectation
 Freud’s
Topographical
Model
 Freud’s Personality
Components
The Unconscious
✓ Freud said that most what we go through
in our lives, emotions, beliefs, feelings
and impulses deep within are not
available to us at a conscious level.
✓ He believe that the most influence us is
our unconscious.
 Freud’s Personality
Components
The Unconscious
✓ The Oedipus and Electra Complex
mentioned earlier were both buried
down into the unconscious out of our
awareness due to the extreme anxiety
they caused.
✓ This complexes influence our thinking,
feeling and dramatic feeling.
 Freud’s Personality
Components
The Conscious
✓ Freud also said that all
Hello, im
that we are aware of is Good,
stored in our conscious Sometimes

mind.
 Freud’s Personality
Components
The Conscious
✓ Our conscious mind only
comprises a very small part Hello, im
Good,
of who we are so that in our Sometimes
everyday life, we are only
aware of a very small part of
what makes up our
personality most of what we
are is hidden and out of
reach.
 Freud’s Personality
Components
The Subconscious/ Preconscious
✓ this is the part of us that we can reach if
prompted, but is not in our active
conscious.
✓ Its right below the surface, but still
hidden somewhat unless we search for it.
 Freud’s Personality
Components
The Subconscious/ Preconscious
✓ Information such as our telephone
number, some childhood memories or
the name of your best childhood friend is
stored in the preconscious.
✓ Because the unconscious is so huge, and
because we are only aware of the very
small conscious at any given time.
 Freud’s Personality
Components
The Nonconscious
✓ represents all that we are not aware of
have not experienced, and that has not
been made part of our personalities
Human Psyche – The Iceberg Metaphor