ANALYSIS

In the past years, there have been remarkable breakthroughs in technology. Education
4.0 becomes a buzzword in the education arena as a response to the 4th Industrial
Revolution.
● What were your realizations after watching the video “The World in 2050: Future
Technology”?
● How do you think schools benefit from these developments? How about you as a
student? As a future teacher?
● With these advances, what skills do you think you need as a student? As a future
teacher?

ABSTRACTION
It is very important that before you go any further, you are able to understand the
different concepts that surround this course. Go over the different definitions of the
concepts below and think of how each term relates to one another.

Technology
Merriam-Webster Dictionary Technology (noun):
(a): the practical application of knowledge especially in a particular area; (b): a
capability given by the practical application of knowledge

Oxford Dictionary Technology (noun):

Machinery and devices developed from scientific knowledge.

Emmanuel G. Mesthene (from his 1970 book, Technological Change: Its Impact on Man
and Society) “We define technology as the organization of knowledge for the
achievement of practical purposes.”

W. Brian Arthur in his 2009 book, The Nature of Technology: What It Is and How It
Evolves “The first and most basic one is a technology is a means to fulfill a human
purpose. … As a means, technology may be a method or process or device… Or it may be
complicated… Or it may be material… Or it may be nonmaterial. Whichever it is, it is
always a means to carry out a human purpose.”

Edgar Dale (1969) Technology also refers to any valid and reliable process or procedure
that is derived from basic research using the scientific method.
Technology refers to “all the ways people use their inventions and discoveries to satisfy
the needs and desires.” (The World Book Encyclopedia, Vol. 19)

Educational Technology is a:
1. a field study that is concerned with the practice of using educational methods and
resources for the ultimate goal of facilitating the learning process. As a field, it
operates within the total field of education (Lucido and Borabo, 1977)
2. consist of the designs and environments that engage learners … and reliable
technique or method for engaging learning such as cognitive learning strategies
and critical thinking skills (David II. Jonassen, et al 1999)
3. the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance
by creating, using, and managing appropriate technological processes and
resources (The Association for Educational Communications and Technology,
2013)

Technology in Education is the application of technology to any of those processes

involved in operating the institutions which house the educational enterprise. It
includes the application of technology to food, health, finance, scheduling, grade,
reporting, and other processes that support education within institutions.” (David H.
Jonassen, et al, 1999).

Instructional technology is a part of educational technology. Instructional technology

refers to those aspects of educational technology that “are concerned with instruction as
contrasted t designs and operations of educational instructions. Instructional
technology is a systematic way of designing, carrying out, and evaluating the total
process of learning and teaching in terms of specific objectives.” (Lucido and Borabo,
1997).

Technology integration means using “learning technologies to introduce, reinforce,

supplement, and extend skills.” (Williams, ed. 2000). Like instructional technology, it is
a part of educational technology. Technology integration is part and parcel of
instructional technology, which in turn is a part of educational technology.

Educational media are the channels or avenues or instruments of communication.

Examples are books, magazines, newspapers, radio, television, and the internet. These
media also serve educational purposes.

Information and Communication Technology. A diverse set of technological tools and

resources are used to transmit, store, create, share, or exchange information. These
technological tools and resources include computers, the Internet (websites, blogs, and
emails), live broadcasting technologies (radio, television, and webcasting), recorded
broadcasting technologies (podcasting, audio, and video players and storage devices),
and telephony (fixed or mobile, satellite, video-conferencing, etc) (UNESCO).