ASME BPVCY-2021, ARTICLE 2 MANDATORY APPENDIX VIII RADIOGRAPHY USING PHOSPHOR IMAGING PLATE vill-210 SCOPE ‘This Appendix provides requirements for using phos- phor imaging plate (photostimulable luminescent phos~ phor) as an alternative to film radiography. Radiography using phosphor imaging plate may be per- formed on materials including castings and weldments when the modified provisions to Article 2 as indicated herein and all other requirements of Article 2 are satis fied. The term film, as used within Article 2, applicable to performing radiography in accordance with this Appendix, refers to phosphor imaging plate. ASTM 2007, Standard Guide for Computed Radiography, may be used as a guide for general tutorial information regard- ing the fundamental and physical principles of computed. radiography (CR), including some of the limitations of the process. VIll-220 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Vill-221 PROCEDURE REQUIREMENTS VIlI-221.1 Written Procedure. A written procedure is required. In lieu of the requirements of T-21.1, each pro- cedure shall include at least the following information, as applicable: (a) material type and thickness range () isotope or maximum X-ray voltage used (6) minimum source-to-object distance (D in T-274.1) (d) distance from source side of abject to the phosphor imaging plate (d in T-274.1) (€} source size (F in T-274.1) (@ phosphor imaging plate manufacturer and designation G) screens used (h) image scanning and processing equipment manu- facturer and model (i) image scanning parameters (i, gain, laser, resolu- tion), detailed, as applicable, for material thicknesses across the thickness range @) pixel intensity/gray range (minimum to maximum) VIli-221.2 Procedure Demonstration. A demonstra- tion shall be required at the minimum and maximum ma- terial thicknesses stated in the procedure. Procedure demonstration details and demonstration block require ments are described in Supplement A of this Appendix. 65 VIlI-225 MONITORING DENSITY LIMITATIONS: OF RADIOGRAPHS. ‘The requirements of 1-225 are not applicable to phos- phor imaging plate radiography. VIII-230 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS VIlI-231 PHOSPHOR IMAGING PLATE VIII-231.1 Selection. Radiography shall be performed using an industrial phosphor imaging plate capable of de- monstrating IQ image requirements. VINI-231.2 Processing. The system used for proces- sing a phosphor imaging plate shall be capable of acquir ing, storing, and displaying the digital image. VIlI-234 FACILITIES FOR VIEWING OF RADIOGRAPHS Viewing facilities shall provide subdued background lighting of an intensity that will not cause reflections, sha- dows, or glare on the monitor that interfere with the in- terpretation process, VIII-260 CALIBRATION Vill-262 DENSITOMETER AND STEP WEDGE COMPARISON FILM ‘The requirements of T-262 are not applicable to phos phor imaging plate radiography. VIlI-270 EXAMINATION VII-277 USE OF IQIS TO MONITOR RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION VINI-277.1 Placement of 1Qls. (a) Source-Side 1QI(s). When using separate blocks for IQl placement as described in T-277.1(a), the thickness of the blacks shall be such that the image brightness at the body of the 1Ql is judged to be equal to or greater than the image brightness at the area of interest for a negative mage format. If verified by measurement, pixel intensity variations up to 15% are permitted in the determination of “equal to." This image brightness requirement is re- versed for a positive image format. (b) All other requirements of 1-277.1 shall apply. aa a ARTICLE 2 ViIL-277.2. Number of 1Qls. (a) Muttipte 1Qis. An 1Q1 shall be used for each applica- ble thickness range in Table T-276 spanned by the rminimum-to-maximum thickness of the area of interest to be radiographed. (2) As an alternative to (a) above, a minimum of two IQIs representing the minimum and maximum thick nesses of the area of interest may be used, provided the requirements of VilI-288 are met (€)All other requirements of 1-277.2 shall apply. (a) Comparators such as digitized film strips, gray scale cards, ete, may be used to ald in judging displayed image brightness. When comparators are used to judge areas, ‘within the image, they need not be calibrated. Pixel inten: sity values may also be used to quantity image brightness comparisons. VIIL-277.3 Shims Under Hole IQls. For welds with re inforcement or backing material, shim of material radio- graphically similar to the weld metal and/or backing ‘material shall be placed between the part and the IQIs, such that the image brightness at the body of the IQI is, judged to be equal to or greater than the image brightness at the area of interest for a negative image format If ver- ified by measurement, pixel intensity variations up to 159% are permitted in the determination of "equal to." This image brightness requirement is reversed for a positive image format The shim dimensions shall exceed the 1QI dimensions such that the outline of at least three sides of the 1QI shall be visible in the radiograph. Vill-280 EVALUATION VIII-281 | SYSTEM-INDUCED ARTIFACTS ‘The digital image shall be free of system-induced arti- facts in the area of interest that could mask or be con: fused with the image of any discontinuity. VIII-282 IMAGE BRIGHTNESS The image brightness through the body of the hole-type IQ] or adjacentto the designated wire of the wire-type IQ, shall be judged to be equal to or greater than the image brightness in the area of interest for a negative image for- ‘mat I[verified by measurement, pixel intensity variations up to 15% are permitted in the determination of "equal to” Localized pixel averaging may be used in determining pixel intensity variations, provided the number of pixels averaged does not exceed the total number that would fit inside the area of a circle 0.125 in, (3 mm) in diameter. ‘This image brightness requirement is reversed for a posi- tive image format. Additionally, the requirements of 7-282 are not applicable to phosphor imaging plate radiography. 66 ASME BPVCY-2021 VIII-283 QI SENSITIVITY VINI-283.1 Required Sensitivity. Radiography shall be performed with a technique of sufficient sensitivity to display the designated hole-type Ql image and the es sential hole, or the essential wire of a wire-type IQI. The radiographs shall also display the 1Q] identifying numbers and letters. Multiple film technique is not applicable to phosphor imaging plate radiography. For wire-type IQIs, the essential wire shall be visible within the area of interest representing the thickness used for determining the essential wire, inclusive of the allowable brightness variations described in VIlI-282. VIII-284 EXCESSIVE BACKSCATTER For a negative image format, the requirements of T-284 shall apply. For a positive image format, if dark image of the "Bas described in T-223, appears on a lighter back ground of the image, protection from backscatter is insu ficient and the radiographic image shall be considered unacceptable. A light image of the “B" on a darker back ground is not cause for rejection, VIII-287 DIMENSIONAL MEASURING VIlI-287.1 Measuring Scale Comparator. The mea: suring scale used for interpretation shall be capable of providing dimensions of the projected image. The mea surement scale tool shall be based on one of the following: (a)a known dimensional comparator that is placed in direct contact with the cassette prior to exposure (2) a known dimensional comparator that is inscribed fon the imaging plate prior to processing (@)a known comparator scale placed on the imaging plate prior to processing VIII-287.2__ Alternative Comparator. As an alternative to a measuring scale comparator, a dimensional calibra- tion of the measuring function based upon a verifiable scanned pixel size may be used. VIII-288 INTERPRETATION Prior to interpretation, the range of contrast/bright. ness values that demonstrate the required IQI sensitivity shall be determined. Final radiographic interpretation shall be made only after the data within this [QI sensitiv ity range has been evaluated. The [QI and the area of in- terest shall be of the same image format (positive or negative). Additionally, where applicable (a) when more than one 1Q1 is used to qualify a range of thicknesses, the overlapping portions of each IQl’s estab: lished sensitivity range shall be considered valid for inter- pretation of intervening thicknesses. (2) the digital image may be viewed and evaluated in a negative or positive image format. (@) independent areas of interest of the same image may be displayed and evaluated in differing image for- ‘mats, provided the IQI and the area of interest are viewed and evaluated in the same image format.ASME BPVCY-2021, VIII-290 DOCUMENTATION VII-291 DIGITAL IMAGING TECHNIQUE DOCUMENTATION DETAILS ‘The organization shall prepare and document the radiographic technique details. As a minimum, the follow- ing information shall be provided: (a) the requirements of Acticle 1, T-190(a) (b) identification as required by 1-224 () the dimensional map (if used) of marker placement in accordance with T-275.3, (d) number of exposures (e) X-ray voltage or isotope used @ source size (F in 1-274.1) (g) base material type and thickness, weld reinforce- ment thickness, as applicable (h) source-to-object distance (D in T-2741) (i) distance from source side of object to storage phos: phor media (d in T-274.1), @) storage phosphor manufacturer and designation a7 ARTICLE 2 (k) image acquisition (digitizing) equipment manufac turer, model, and serial number (1) single- or double-wall exposure (m) single- or double-wall viewing (n) procedure identification and revision level (0) imaging software version and revision (p) numerical values ofthe final image processing para- meters, to include filters, window (contrast), and level (brightness) for each view Vill-293 EMBEDDED DATA The technique details and examination results may be embedded in the data file. When this is performed, SE-1475, Standard Guide for Data Fields for Computer- ized Transfer of Digital Radiological Examination Data, ‘may be used as a guide for establishing data fields and in. formation content. When data is embedded, the fields used shall be referenced in the procedure, aARTICLE 2 ASME BPVCY-2021 MANDATORY APPENDIX VIII SUPPLEMENT A VIII-A-210 SCOPE This Supplement provides the details and requirements, for procedure demonstrations in accordance with Manda: tory Appendix VIM, VIII-221.2, This Supplement shall be used to demonstrate the ability to produce an acceptable image in accordance with the requirements ofthe written procedure. VIlI-A-220 GENERAL VIII-A-221 DEMONSTRATION BLOCK The demonstration block shall meet the requirements of Figure VIII-A-221-1 and shall be of material that is radiographically similar to the material described in the procedure, (a) A minimum of two demonstration blocks, repre senting the minimum and maximum thicknesses of the procedure thickness range, shall be required for proce- dure qualification, (B) Additional blocks may be used to validate specific parameters at intermediate thicknesses throughout the total thickness range. (@) As an alternative to (a) and (b), one demonstration, block containing a series of embedded notches of differ ent depths may be used with shim plates of appropriate thicknesses to provide demonstration of both the mini- mum and maximum thicknesses to be qualified for the procedure, VIII-A-230 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS VII-A-231 SCAN PARAMETERS The scanning parameters used to acquire the radio- graphic image shall be verifiable, embedded in the image data or associated header metadata information or re- corded on the radiographic detail sheet. 68 VIII-A-232 GRAY SCALE VALUES The pixel intensity values in the region of interest shall fall within the minimum/maximum values described in the procedure, These pixel intensity values shall be based ‘on actual assigned image bitmap values, not digital drive levels. VIII-A-233 IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS The designated image quality indicators (IQs) used for the demonstration shall be selected from ‘Table T-276. All IQls used shall meet the requirements of T-233, VIlI-A-240 MISCELLANEOUS REQUIREMENTS The radiographic image of the demonstration block shall be viewed and evaluated without the ald of post: processing filters. Image analysis shall be performed through window and level (brightness and contrast) var- {ation only. VII-A-241 SENSITIVITY {As a minimum, both IQls (essential wire and designated hole) shall be visible while the embedded notch is dis cernable, This shall be accomplished in raw data, without the aid of processing algorithms or filters. VIII-A-242 RECORDS The raw, unfiltered images of the procedure demon: stration shall be maintained and available for review. The images shall be clearly identified and traceable to the procedure for which they are used for qualification.ASME BPVCY-2021, ARTICLE 2 Figure Vill-A-221-1 a Procedure Demonstration Block XLEISEZL 2% Tin depth 4 Vin. (25 mm) ‘ain, {109 mm) r 6 in. (150 mm) GENERAL NOTES; (a) Hole-type and wiretype IQs shal he selected as appropriate for T from Table 7-275, Notch depth need not be less than 0,005 in (0.13 mm. (o) The tin, and Gin, bloc dimensions area minimum, The block dimensions may be increased appropriately as T increases fc) Notch dimensions shal be as follows: depth = LOT t0 2267 Width = one ofthe following: (1) For T less than or equal to 05 in (13 mm), width shall be less than or equal to 2 times the notch depth {@) For T greater than 05, (13 mm) an less than or equal to In. (25 men), width shall be ess than oF equal to 1.5 times the notch depth {G) For T greater than 1 in, (25 mm), wldth shal be less than or equal to the notch depth length © 1 in. (25 mm) max (a) Notch location shall be approximately center ofthe demonstration Block 6