This is presented by

Kgs M Nur Rizky (yuki) 16620009

Oppy desandra 16620004

What Does Competence in Language

Testing Involve

When we test language, there are four skills that we need

for complete communication. When we test our native
language, we usually learn to listen first, then to speak, then
to read, and finally to write. These are called the four
"language skills":

The four language skills are related to each other in two ways:

 the direction of communication (in or out)

 the method of communication (spoken or written)
Input is sometimes called "reception" and output is sometimes
called "production". Spoken is also known as "oral".

Note that these four language skills are sometimes called the
"macro-skills". This is in contrast to the "micro-skills", which
are things like grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation.
What is Listening?
Listening is receiving language through the
ears. Listening involves identifying the sounds
of speech and processing them into words and
sentences. When we listen, we use our ears to
receive individual sounds (letters, stress,
rhythm and pauses) and we use our brain to convert these into
messages that mean something to us.

Listening in any language requires focus and attention. It is a

skill that some people need to work at harder than others.
People who have difficulty concentrating are typically poor
listeners. Listening in a second language requires even greater
focus.

What is Speaking?
Speaking is the delivery of language through the mouth. To
speak, we create sounds using many parts of our body,
including the lungs, vocal tract, vocal chords, tongue, teeth
and lips.

What is Reading?
"Reading" is the process of looking at a series of written
symbols and getting meaning from them. When we read, we
use our eyes to receive written symbols (letters, punctuation
marks and spaces) and we use our brain to convert them into
words, sentences and paragraphs that communicate
something to us.

Reading can be silent (in our head) or aloud (so that other
people can hear).

Reading is a receptive skill - through it

we receive information. But the complex process of reading
also requires the skill of speaking, so that we can pronounce
the words that we read. In this sense, reading is also a
productive skill in that we are both receiving information and
transmitting it (even if only to ourselves).

What is Writing?

"Writing" is the process of using symbols (letters of the

alphabet, punctuation and spaces) to communicate thoughts
and ideas in a readable form.

Generally, we write using a pen/pencil (handwriting) or a

keyboard (typing). With a pen/pencil we usually write on a
surface such as paper or whiteboard. A keyboard is normally
attached to a typewriter, computer or mobile device. Voice
recognition programs allow those who can't see or use their
hands to have their thoughts transcribed.