Page |1

Learning Module

MATHEMATICS G9  Q4.5

Illustrating
Trigonometric
Ratios

GENECOM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, INC.

GENECOM LEARNING AND TUTORIAL CENTER
LIBON PRIVATE HIGH SCHOOL, INC.
MAY 2023

NAME: ________________________________________________

Introduction and Objectives

 Page |2

 Module
Introduction
The six trigonometric ratios are sine (sin), cosine (cos), tangent (tan),
cotangent (cot), cosecant (cosec), and secant (sec). In
geometry, trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with the sides
and angles of a right-angled triangle. Therefore, trig ratios are evaluated with
respect to sides and angles.
In this module, you are going to learn the concepts of trigonometric
ratios.
 Module Lesson and Coverage

Lesson: Illustrating Trigonometric Ratios

This module is designed for you to:

Illustrates the six trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent, secant,
cosecant, and cotangent.

Apply the Pythagorean Theorem. Tell whether each triangle

satisfies the conditions of a right triangle.
 Page |3

9cm 12cm

C
B
7cm 9cm
D F

TRIGONOMETRY

Trigonometry is thought to have had its origin in ancient Egypt and

Mesopotamia. The ancient Egyptians, Babylonians and Greeks developed trigonometry to find the
lengths of the sides of triangles and measures of their angles. It was Hipparchus, a Greek
mathematician, who introduced trigonometry as gleaned from ancient tablets and tables which
reflected work on the ratios of trigonometry.
Trigonometry is derived from the Greek words trigonon means triangle and metron means
measure. Thus, trigonometry means measurement of triangles. It was used in ancient times in
surveying, navigation, and astronomy to find relationships between the lengths of the sides of a
triangle and measurement of angles.
 Page |4

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

Opposite refers to the side of the triangle that is opposite of the reference
angle.
Adjacent refers to the side of the triangle that is adjacent to the reference
angle (the adjacent side will always form one side of the reference angle).
In a right triangle, we can define the six
trigonometric
The hypotenuse ratios.
is Consider
the side ofthetheright triangle
triangle that is always opposite the right
ABC below. In this triangle we let θ represent ∠B
angle.
or will be usedratios
Trigonometric to represent the reference
are relations angle in the sides and angles of a
existing between
the rightthat
right triangle triangle. Then theinleg
are expressed thedenoted
form ofby a is the
ratios.
sidesix
The adjacent to θ, andratios
trigonometric the leg
are denoted bycosine
sine (sin), b is the(cos), tangent (tan), secant
side opposite
(sec), cosecant (csc),toand
θ. cotangent (cot).

SOH-CAH-TOA

SOHCAHTOA is a mnemonic device that is used in mathematics to

remember the definitions of the three most common trigonometric functions.
This lesson will explain each one and give examples, and you’ll have the
opportunity to take a quiz at the end to solidify what you’ve learned.

Sine, cosine, and tangent are the three main functions in trigonometry.
They’re all based on ratios obtained from
a right triangle. Before we can discuss
what ratios work for which function, we
need to label the right triangle.

EXAMPLE 1:
 Page |5

Given the following right triangle, solve for the missing side length, r:

Example 2:
Solve for the missing lenghts of the triangle.

EXAMPLE 3:
 Page |6

12
In right triangle FEW, angle E is a right angle. If sinF= , find cosF and
13
tanF.

Solution:

ILLUSTRATION STEPS

2 2 2
c =a + b Use the Pythagorean theorem to find the
length of the missing side of a triangle.
Substitute the given in the
2
13 =12 +q
2 2 formula.
Simplify 132 and 122.
2
169=144+q
2
169−144=q Add -144 to both sides of the equation.
2 2 Evaluate 169 – 144.
q =25∨25=q
q=5 Extract the square root of 25.
So, the length of the side adjacent to ∠F is 5
adjacent 5
cos F= =
hypotenuse 13
opposite 12
tan F= =
adjacent 5
Example 4:

Determine the equation or formula to find the missing part of the triangle.
 Page |7

Solution:

<F is an acute angle, u is the hypotenuse and f

Is the opposite side of angle F using SOH that
is;

Illustration Steps

opposite Use the formula in

sin θ=
hypotenuse finding for sin θ

f Substitute θ to F and
sin F=
18 the corresponding
symbols in the figure
f Substitute the
sin 62 °=
18 measures of ∠F and u
Apply Multiplication
Property of Equality
f =18 sin 62 ° (MPE)

f =15. 893 Evaluate 18 sin 62o

using calculator.

Note: Make sure that your calculator is operating in degree.

 Post test Page |8

Use the triangle to find the given trigonometric ratios.

15
9

U N
12

1. sin F ___________ 6. csc F ___________

2. tan N ___________ 7. sin N ___________

3. cos N ___________ 8. cos F ___________

4. sec F ___________ 9. tan F ___________

5. cot N ___________ 10. sec N ___________

In this module, you have learned the following concepts:

Definition of trigonometry
Six trigonometric ratios
Illustrating the six trigonometric ratios
 Page |9

Reference:
Merden L. Bryant, et.al., Mathematics Learner’s Material 9, ed.
Debbie Marie B. Versoza, PhD Pasig City, Philippines:
Department of Education, 2014, 430 – 440.

Chicha Lynch and Eugene Olmstead. Math Matters, An

Integrated Approach. Chicago, Illinois: National Textbook
Company, 1998, 528 – 535.

“Introduction to the Six Trigonometric Functions”, accessed October

13, 2020, <a
href="https://www.softschools.com/math/trigonometry/introduction_to_the_s
ix_trigonometric
_functions/">Introduction to the Six Trigonometric Functions (Ratios)</a>