NCERT Solutions Class 6 Maths

Chapter-3 Playing with Numbers

Exercise 3.1
Q.1 Write all the factors of the following numbers:
(a) 24 (b) 15 (c) 21 (d) 27 (e) 12
(f) 20 (g) 18 (h) 23 (i) 36

Solution:
We will be using the concept of factors to solve this.
(a)Factors of 24:
We can write 24 as a product of two numbers in multiple ways:
24 = 1 × 24;
24 = 2 × 12;
24 = 3 × 8;
24 = 4 × 6
Therefore, all the factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24.
(b) Factors of 15:
We can write15 as a product of two numbers in multiple ways:
15 = 1 × 15;
15 = 3 × 5 Therefore, all the factors of 15 are 1, 3, 5 and 15.
(c) Factors of 21:
We can write 21 as a product of two numbers in multiple ways:
21 = 1 × 21;
21 = 3 × 7 Therefore, all the factors of 21 are 1, 3, 7 and 21
(d) Factors of 27:
We can write 27 as a product of two numbers in multiple ways:
27 = 1 × 27
27 = 3 × 9
Therefore, all the factors of 21 are 1, 3, 9, and 27
(e) Factors of 12:
We can write 12 as a product of two numbers in multiple ways:
12 = 1 × 12;
12 = 2 × 6;
12 = 3 × 4
Therefore, all the factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12.
(f) Factors of 20:
We can write 20 as a product of two numbers in multiple ways:
20 = 1 × 20;
20 = 2 × 10;
20 = 4 × 5
Therefore, all the factors of 20 are: 1, 2, 4, 5, 10 and 20.
(g) Factors of 18:
We can write 18 as a product of two numbers in multiple ways:
18 = 1 × 18;
18 = 2 × 9;
18 = 3 × 6;
Therefore, all the factors of 20 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 18.
(h) Factors of 23:
We can write 23 as a product of two prime numbers:
23 = 1 × 23;
Therefore, all the factors of the prime number 23 are 1 and 23.
(i) Factors of 36:
We can write 36 as a product of two numbers in multiple ways:
36 = 1 × 36;
36 = 2 × 18;
36 = 3 × 12;
36 = 4 × 9;
36 = 6 × 6
Therefore, all the factors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 36.

Q.2
Write first five multiples of:
(a) 5 (b) 8 (c) 9
Solution:
We will be using the concept of multiples to solve this.
(a) To get the first five multiples of 5, we need to multiply 5 by 1, 2, 3, 4, and
5.
5×1=5
5 × 2 = 10
5 × 3 = 15
5 × 4 = 20
5 × 5 = 25
Therefore, the first five multiples of 5 are 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25.
(b) To get the first five multiples of 8, we need to multiply 8 by 1, 2, 3, 4,
and 5.
8×1=8
8 × 2 = 16
8 × 3 = 24
8 × 4 = 32
8 × 5 = 40
Therefore, the first five multiples of 8 are 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40.
(c) To get the first five multiples of 9, we need to multiply 9 by 1, 2, 3, 4,
and 5.
9×1=9
9 × 2 = 18
9 × 3 = 27
9 × 4 = 36
9 × 5 = 45
Therefore, the first five multiples of 9 are 9,18, 27, 36, and 45.

Q.3 Match the items in column 1 with the items in column 2.

Solution:
We will be using the concepts of factors and multiples to solve this.
(i) ↔ (b) [35 = 7 × 5. Thus, 35 is a multiple of 7]
(ii) ↔ (d) [30/2 = 15. Thus, 15 is a factor of 30]
(iii) ↔ (a) [16 = 8 × 2. Thus, 16 is a multiple of 8]
(iv) ↔ (f) [20/1 = 20. Thus, 20 is a factor of 20]
(v) ↔ (e) [50/2 = 25. Thus, 25 is a factor of 50]

Q.4 Find all the multiples of 9 upto 100

Solution:
We will be using the concept of multiples to solve this.
A multiple is a result of multiplying a number by an integer
Multiples of 9 are the products obtained when an integer is multiplied by 9

Thus,
9 × 1 = 9;
9 × 2 = 18;
9 × 3 = 27;
9 × 4 = 36;
9 × 5 = 45;
9 × 6 = 54;
9 × 7 = 63;
9 × 8 = 72;
9 x 9 = 81;
9 × 10 = 90;
9 × 11 = 99
Therefore, all the multiples of 9 upto 100 are: 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72,
81, 90 and 99.
 NCERT Solutions Class 6 Maths
Chapter-3 Playing with Numbers
Exercise 3.2
Q.1 What is the sum of any two: (a) Odd numbers?
(b) Even numbers?

Solution:
We will be using the concepts of even numbers and odd numbers to answer
this question.
(a) The sum of any two odd numbers is an even number.
Example: 3 + 5 = 8, 11 + 23 = 34
(b) The sum of any two even numbers is an even number only.
Example: 2 + 4 = 6, 16 + 18 = 34

Q.2 State whether the following statements are True or False.

(a) The sum of three odd numbers is even
(b) The sum of two odd numbers and one even number is even
(c) The product of three odd numbers is odd
(d) If an even number is divided by 2, the quotient is always odd
(e) All prime numbers are odd
(f) Prime numbers do not have any factors
(g) Sum of two prime numbers is always even
(h) 2 is only the even prime number
(i) All even numbers are composite numbers
(j) The product of any two even numbers is always even

Solution:
We will be using the concepts of even numbers, odd numbers, composite
numbers, and prime numbers to solve this.

(а) False [For example, 3 + 5 + 7 = 15 , which is an odd number]

(b) True [For example, 3 + 5 + 6 = 14, which is an even number]
(c) True [For example, 5 × 7 × 9 = 315, which is an odd number]
(d) False [For example, 36 ÷ 2 = 18, which is an even number]
(e) False [2 is a prime number, but it is even]
(f) False [For example, 3 is a prime number having 1 and 3 as its factors]
(g) False [For example, 7 + 2 = 9, which is an odd number]
(h) True [2 is even and the lowest prime number]
(i) False [2 is even but not composite number]
(j) True [For example, 4 × 6 = 24, which is an even number]

Q.3 The numbers 13 and 31 are prime numbers. Both these numbers
have the same digits 1 and 3. Find such pairs of prime numbers up to
100

Solution:
We will be using the concepts of prime number to solve this.
The prime numbers between 1 to 100 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29,
31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97.
The required pairs of prime numbers(up to 100) having the same digits as
13 and 31 are:
a) 17 and 71
b) 37 and 73
c) 79 and 97

Q.4 Write down separately the prime and composite numbers less than
20

Solution:
We will be using the concepts of composite number and prime number to solve
this.
Prime numbers are the numbers that have only two factors,1 and the
number itself. Thus, the prime numbers less than 20 are as follows: 2, 3, 5,
7, 11, 13, 17 and 19
Composite numbers can be defined as natural numbers that have more
than two factors. Thus, the composite numbers less than 20 are as follows:
4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 18

Q.5 What is the greatest prime number between 1 and 10?

Solution:
Prime numbers are the numbers that have only two factors, that are, 1 and
the number itself.
There are four prime numbers between 1 and 10: 2, 3, 5, and 7, and the
greatest one is 7.
Thus, the greatest prime number between 1 and 10 is 7.
Q.6 Express the following as the sum of two odd primes
(a) 44 (b) 36 (c) 24 (d) 18

Solution:
We will be using the concepts of odd numbers and prime numbers to solve
this.
(a) 44 = 13 + 31 (13 and 31 are odd prime numbers)
(b) 36 = 17 + 19 (17 and 19 are odd prime numbers)
(c) 24 = 7 + 17 (7 and 17 are odd prime numbers)
(d) 18 = 7 + 11 (7 and 11 are odd prime numbers)
Q.7 Give three pairs of prime numbers whose difference is 2
[Remark: Two prime numbers whose difference is 2 are called twin
primes]

Solution:
We will be using the concepts of prime numbers to solve this.
Twin prime numbers are the set of two numbers that have exactly
one composite number between them. They can also be defined as the pair
of numbers with a difference of 2.
Required pairs are:
3 and 5 (3 and 5 are prime numbers whose difference is 2)
5 and 7 (5 and 7 are prime numbers whose difference is 2)
11 and 13 (11 and 13 are prime numbers whose difference is 2)
Q.8 Which of the following numbers are prime?
(a) 23 (b) 51 (c) 37 (d) 26

Solution:
We will be using the concepts of prime numbers to solve this.
(a) 23 is a prime number [23 can be expressed as 23 = 1 x 23]
(b) 51 is not a prime number [51 can be expressed as 51 = 1 x 3 x 17]
(c) 37 is a prime number [37 can be expressed as 37 = 1 x 37]
(d) 26 is not a prime number [26 can be expressed as 26 = 1 x 2 x 13]
Q.9 Write seven consecutive composite numbers less than 100 so that
there is no prime number between them

Solution:
We will be using the concepts of composite numbers and prime numbers to
solve this.
Required seven consecutive composite numbers are:
90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95 and 96
Q.10 Express each of the following numbers as the sum of three odd
primes
(a) 21 (b) 31 (c) 53 (d) 61

Solution:
We will be using the concepts of odd numbers and prime numbers to solve
this.
(a) 21 can be expressed as 3 + 5 + 13 (3, 5 and 13 are odd primes)
(b) 31 can be expressed as 5 + 7 + 19 (5, 7 and 1 are odd primes)
(c) 53 can be expressed as 13 + 17 + 23 (13, 17 and 23 are odd primes)
(d) 61 can be expressed as 11 + 13 + 37 (11, 13 and 37 are odd primes)
Q.11 Write five pairs of prime numbers less than 20 whose sum is
divisible by 5 (Hint: 3 + 7 = 10)
Solution:
We will be using the concepts of prime numbers to solve this.
Required pairs of prime numbers less than 20 and whose sum is divisible by
5 are:
(i) 2 + 3 = 5 (5/5 = 1. Thus, it is divisible by 5)
(ii) 2 + 13 = 15 (15/5 = 3. Thus, it is divisible by 5)
(iii) 11 + 9 = 20 (20/5 = 4. Thus, it is divisible by 5)
(iv) 17 + 3 = 20 (20/5 = 4. Thus, it is divisible by 5)
(v) 7 + 13 = 20 (20/5 = 4. Thus, it is divisible by 5)
Q.12 Fill in the blanks
(a) A number which has only two factors is called a ………… .
(b) A number which has more than two factors is called a ………… .
(c) 1 is neither ………… nor ………… .
(d) The smallest prime number is ………… .
(e) The smallest composite number is ………… .
(f) The smallest even number is ………… .

Solution:
We will be using the concepts of factors, even numbers, composite numbers,
and prime numbers to solve this.
(a) a prime number (Prime numbers have just two factors, 1 and the
number itself)
(b) composite number (Composite numbers have factors other than 1 and
the number itself)
(c) prime, composite
(d) 2
(e) 4 (The factors of 4 are 1, 2, and 4)
(f) 2
 NCERT Solutions Class 6 Maths
Chapter-3 Playing with Numbers
Exercise 3.3
Q.1 Using divisibility tests, determine which of the following numbers
are divisible by 2, by 3, by 4, by 5, by 6, by 8, by 9, by 10, by 11 (Say, Yes
or No)

Solution:
We will be using the divisibility rules to answer this.

Q.2 Using divisibility tests, determine which of the following numbers

are divisible by 4; by 8.
(a) 572 (b) 726352 (c) 5500 (d) 6000
(e) 12159 (f) 14560 (g) 21084 (h) 31795072
(i) 1700 (j) 2150

Solution:
We will use the concept of divisibility by 4 and 8 to solve it
(a) Given number = 572
(i) Divisibility by 4
A number is divisible by 4 if the last two digits of the number are divisible by
4. Here, the last two digits of the given number are 7 and 2. Thus, we will
check if 72 is divisible by 4:
72÷4 = 18
Quotient = 18 and remainder = 0. Therefore, 72 is divisible by 4 and so is 572
divisible by 4.
(ii) Divisibility by 8
A number is divisible by 8 if the last three digits of the number are divisible
by 8. Here, the last three digits of the given number are 5, 7, and 2. Thus,
we will check if 572 is divisible by 8:
Given number = 572
After performing division, we see that the remainder is 4. Therefore, 572 is
not divisible by 8.
(b) Given number = 726352
(i) Divisibility by 4
Here, the last two digits of the given number are 5 and 2.
Thus, we will check if 52 is divisible by 4:
Given number = 726352
Remainder = 0.
Therefore, 52 is divisible by 4 and so is 726352.
(ii) Divisibility by 8
Here, the last three digits of the given number are 3, 5, and 2.
Thus, we will check if 352 is divisible by 8:
Given number = 726352
Remainder = 0.
Therefore, 352 is divisible by 8 and so is 726352.
(c) Given number = 5500
(i) Divisibility by 4
Here the last two digits of the given number are 00 which is divisible by 4.
Hence, 5500 is divisible by 4.
(ii) Divisibility by 8
Here, the number formed by the last three digits of the given number = 500
Given number = 5500
Remainder = 4.
Therefore, 500 is not divisible by 8 and hence, 5500 is also not divisible by
8.
(d) Given number = 6000
(i) Divisibility by 4
Here, the last two digits of the given number are 00.
Therefore, 6000 is divisible by 4.
(ii) Divisibility by 8
Here, the last three digits of the given number are 000.
Therefore, 6000 is divisible by 8.
(e) Given number = 12159
(i) Divisibility by 4
Here, the last two digits of the given number are 5 and 9.
Thus, we will check if 59 is divisible by 4.
Given number = 12159
Remainder = 3.
Therefore, 59 is not divisible by 4 and hence 12159 is also not divisible by
4.
(ii) Divisibility by 8
Here, the last three digits of the given number are 1, 5, and 9. Thus, we will
check if 159 is divisible by 8:
Given number = 12159
Remainder = 7.
Therefore, 159 is not divisible by 8 and hence12159 is also not divisible by
8.
(f) Given number = 14560
(i) Divisibility by 4
Here, the last two digits of the given number are 6 and 0.
Thus, we will check if 60 is divisible by 4:
Given number = 14560
Remainder = 0.
Therefore, 60 is divisible by 4 and so is 14560.
(ii) Divisibility by 8
Here, the last three digits of the given number are 5, 6, and 0. 560 ÷ 8 = 70.
Remainder = 0.
Therefore, 560 is divisible by 8 and so is 14560.
(g) Given number = 21084
(i) Divisibility by 4
Here, the last two digits of the given number are 8 and 4. Thus, we will
check if 84 is divisible by 4:
Given number = 21084
Remainder = 0.
Therefore, 84 is divisible by 4 and so is 21084.
(ii) Divisibility by 8
Here, the last three digits of the given number are 0, 8, and 4.
Thus, we will check if 084 is divisible by 8:
Given number = 21084
Remainder = 4.
Therefore, 084 is not divisible by 8 and hence 21084 is not divisible by 8.
(h) Given number = 31795072
(i) Divisibility by 4
Here, the last two digits of the given number are 7 and 2.
Thus, we will check if 72 is divisible by 4:
Given number = 31795072
Remainder = 0.
Therefore, 72 is divisible by 4 and so is 31795072.
(ii) Divisibility by 8
Here, the last three digits of the given number are 0, 7, and 2.
Thus, we will check if 072 is divisible by 8.
Given number = 31795072
Remainder = 0.
Therefore, 072 is divisible by 8 and so is 31795072.
(i) Given number = 1700
Divisibility by 4
Here, the last two digits of the given number are 00. Hence, 1700 is
divisible by 4.
(ii) Divisibility by 8
Here, the last three digits of the given number are 7, 0, and 0.
Thus, we will check if 700 is divisible by 8:
Given number = 1700
Remainder = 4.
Therefore, 700 is not divisible by 8 and hence 1700 is also not divisible by
8.
(j) Given number = 2150
(i) Divisibility by 4
Here, the last two digits of the given number are 5 and 0.
Thus, we will check if 50 is divisible by 4:
Given number = 2150
Remainder = 2.
Therefore, 50 is not divisible by 4 and hence 2150 is also not divisible by 4.
(ii) Divisibility by 8
Here, the last three digits of the given number are 1, 5, and 0.
Thus, we will check if 150 is divisible by 8:
Given number = 2150
Remainder = 6.
Therefore, 150 is not divisible by 8 and hence 2150 is also not divisible by
8.
Q.3 Using divisibility tests, determine which of the following numbers
are divisible by 6:
(a) 297144 (b) 1258 (c) 4335 (d) 61233
(e) 901352 (f) 438750 (g) 1790184 (h) 12583
(i) 639210 (j) 17852

Solution:
We will be using the concepts of divisibility by 6 to solve this.
We know that a number is divisible by 6 if it is divisible by both 2 and 3.
(a) Given number = 297144
The number 297144 has an even digit at its one's place.
Therefore, it is divisible by 2.
The sum of all the digits of 297144 = 2 + 9 + 7 + 1 + 4 + 4 = 27, which is
divisible by 3.
Therefore, the number 297144 is divisible by 6.
(b) Given number = 1258
The number 1258 has an even digit i.e., 8 at its one's place.
Therefore, it is divisible by 2.
The sum of all digits of 1258 = 1 + 2 + 5 + 8 = 16, which is not divisible by
3.
Therefore, the number 1258 is not divisible by 6.
(c) Given number = 4335
The digit at one's place of the number 4335 is not even.
Therefore, it is not divisible by 2.
Therefore, the number 4335 is not divisible by 6.
(d) Given number = 61233
The digit at one's place of the number 612333 is not even.
Therefore, it is not divisible by 2.
The number 61233 is not divisible by 6.
(e) Given number = 901352
The digit at one's place of the given number is even, i.e, 2
Therefore, it is divisible by 2.
The sum of all the digits of the number 901352 = 9 + 0 + 1 + 3 + 5 + 2 = 20,
which is not divisible by 3.
Therefore, the number 901352 is not divisible by 6.
(f) Given number = 438750
The digit at one's place of the number 438750 is 0.
Therefore, it is divisible by 2.
The sum of all the digits of the number 438750 = 4 + 3 + 8 + 7 + 5 + 0 = 27,
which is divisible by 3.
Therefore, the number 438750 is divisible by 6.
(g) Given number = 1790184
The digit at one's place of the number 1790184 is even i.e, 4.
Therefore, it is divisible by 2.
The sum of all the digits of the number 1790184 = 1 + 7 + 9 + 0 + 1 + 8 + 4
= 30 which is divisible by 3.
Therefore, the number 1790184 is divisible by 6.
(h) Given number = 12583
The digit to one's place of the number 12583 is odd.
Therefore, it is not divisible by 2.
Therefore, the number 12583 is not divisible by 6.
(i) Given number = 639210
The digit at one's place of the number 639210 is 0.
Therefore, it is divisible by 2.
The sum of all the digits of the number 639210 = 6 + 3 + 9 + 2 + 1 + 0 = 21,
which is divisible by 3.
Therefore, the number 639210 is divisible by 6.
(j) Given number = 17852
The digit at one's place of the number 17852 is even.
Therefore, it is divisible by 2.
The sum of all the digits of the number 17852 = 1 + 7 + 8 + 5 + 2 = 23,
which is not divisible by 3.
Therefore, the number 17852 is not divisible by 6.
Q.4 Using divisibility tests, determine which of the following numbers
are divisible by 11:
(a) 5445 (b) 10824 (c) 7138965 (d) 70169308
(e) 10000001 (f) 901153

Solution:
We will be using the concepts of divisibility by 11 to solve this.
A number is divisible by 11 if the difference between the sum of the digits at
odd places and the sum of the digits at even places is divisible by 11.
(a) Given number = 5445
Sum of the digits at odd places = 5 + 4 = 9 and sum of the digits at even
places = 4 + 5 = 9
Difference = 9 – 9 = 0, which is divisible by 11.
Therefore, the number 5445 is divisible by 11.
(b) Given number = 10824
Sum of the digits at odd places = 4 + 8 + 1 = 13 and Sum of the digits at
even places = 2 + 0 = 2
Difference = 13 – 2 = 11, which is divisible by 11.
Therefore, the number 10824 is divisible by 11.
(c) Given number = 7138965
Sum of the digits at odd places = 5 + 9 + 3 + 7 = 24 and Sum of the digits
at even places = 6 + 8 + 1 = 15
Difference = 24 – 15 = 9, which is not divisible by 11.
Therefore, the number 7138965 is not divisible by 11.
(d) Given number = 70169308
Sum of digits at odd places = 0 + 9 + 1 + 7 = 17 and Sum of all the digits at
even places = 8 + 3 + 6 + 0 = 17
Difference = 17-17 = 0, which is divisible by 11.
Therefore, the number 70169308 is divisible by 11.
(e) Given number = 10000001
Sum of all the digits at odd places = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 1 and Sum of the digits
at even places = 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 1
Difference = 1 – 1 = 0, which is divisible by 11.
Therefore, the number 10000001 is divisible by 11.
(f) Given number = 901153
Sum of all the digits at odd places = 9 + 1 + 5 = 15 and Sum of the digits at
even places = 0 + 1 + 3 = 4
Difference = 15 - 4 = 11, which is divisible by 11.
Therefore, the number 901153 is divisible by 11.

Q.5 Write the smallest digit and the greatest digit in the blank space of
each of the following numbers so that the number formed is divisible by
3
(a) ____ 6724 (b) 4765 ____ 2

Solution:
We will be using the concepts of divisibility by 3 to solve this.
A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of all digits in the number is also
divisible by 3.
(a) ___ 6724
Sum of the digits = 4 + 2 + 7 + 6 = 19
Thus, The smallest digit to be placed is blank space = 2.
Then the sum = 19 + 2 = 21, which is divisible by 3.
The greatest digit to be placed in blank space = 8.
Then, the sum = 19 + 8 = 27, which is divisible by 3
Therefore, the required digits are 2 and 8.
(b) 4765 ____ 2.
Sum of digits = 2 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 4 = 24
Thus, The smallest digits to be placed in blank space = 0.
Then, sum = 24 + 0 = 24, which is divisible by 3.
The greatest digit to be placed in blank space = 9.
Then, the sum = 24 + 9 = 33, which is divisible by 3.
Therefore, the required digits are 0 and 9.
Q.6 Write a digit in the blank space of each of the following numbers so
that the number formed is divisible by 11 :
(a) 92 __ 389 (b) 8 __ 9484

Solution:
We will be using the concepts of divisibility by 11 to solve this.
(a) 92 __ 389
Let ‘x' be placed inside the blank.
Sum of its digits at odd places = 9 + 3 + 2
= 14
Sum of its digits at even places = 8 + x + 9
= 17 + x
Difference = 17 + x – 14
=3+a
The difference should be 0 or a multiple of 11, then the number is
divisible by 11
If 3 + x = 0
x=-3
But it cannot be a negative
Taking the closest multiple of 11 which is near to 3
It is 11 which is near to 3
Now, 3 + x = 11
x = 11 – 3
x=8
Therefore the required digit is 8
(b) 8 __ 9484
Let ‘x’ be placed inside the blank.
Sum of its digits at odd places = 4 + 4 + x
=8+x
Sum of its digits at even places = 8 + 9 + 8
= 25
Difference = 25 – (8 + x)
= 17 – x
The difference should be 0 or a multiple of 11, then the number is
divisible by 11
If 17 – a = 0
x = 17 ( not possible)
Now, let us take a multiple of 11.
considering as 11
17 – x = 11
x = 17 – 11
x=6
Therefore, the required digit is 6.
 NCERT Solutions Class 6 Maths
Chapter-3 Playing with Numbers
Exercise 3.4
Q.1 Find the common factors of:
(a) 20 and 28
(b) 15 and 25
(c) 35 and 50
(d) 56 and 120

Solution:
We will be using the concept of factors to solve this.
(a) Given numbers are: 20 and 28
Factors of 20 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20
Factors of 28 are 1, 2, 4, 7, 28
Therefore, the common factors of 20, and 28 are 1, 2, and 4.
(b) Given numbers are:15 and 25
Factors of 15 are 1, 3, 5, 15
Factors of 25 are 1, 5, 25
Therefore, the common factors of 15 and 25 are 1 and 5.
(c) Given numbers are:35 and 50
Factors of 35 are:1, 5, 7, 35
Factors of 50 are: 1, 2, 5, 10, 50
Therefore, the common factors of 35 and 50 are 1 and 5.
(d) Given numbers are: 56 and 120
Factors of 56 are 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, 56
Factors of 120 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60, 120
Therefore, the common factors of 56 and 120 are 1,2, 4, and 8.

Q.2 Find the common factors of:

(a) 4, 8 and 12
(b) 5, 15 and 25
Solution:
We will be using the concept of factors to solve this.
(a) Given numbers are: 4, 8 and 12
Factors of 4 are 1, 2, 4
Factors of 8 are 1, 2, 4, 8
Factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
Therefore, the common factors of 4, 8, and 12 are 1, 2, and 4.

(b) Given numbers are: 5, 15 and 25

Factors of 5 are 1, 5
Factors of 15 are 1, 3, 5, 15
Factors of 25 are 1, 5, 25
Therefore, the common factors of 5, 15, and 25 are 1 and 5.

Q.3 Find first three common multiples of:

(a) 6 and 8
(b) 12 and 18

Solution:
We will be using the concept of multiples to solve this.
(a) Given numbers are 6 and 8.
The first few multiples of 6 are: 6, 12 ,18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72,
78....
Similarly, the multiples of 8 are: 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80.....
Hence, the first three common multiples of 6 and 8 are 24, 48 and 72.

(b) Given numbers are 12 and 18.

The first few multiples of 12 are: 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120.....
Similarly, the multiples of 18 are: 18, 36, 54, 72, 90, 108, 126.....
Hence, the first three common multiples of 12 and 18 are 36, 72 and 108.
Q.4 Write all the numbers less than 100 which are common multiples of 3
and 4.

Solution:
We will be using the concept of multiples to solve this.
Given numbers are 3 and 4.
Multiples of 3 less than 100 are:
12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96
You can also use the Online Multiples Calculator to solve this.
Hence, the common multiples of 3 and 4 less than 100 are 12, 24, 36, 48,
60, 72, 84, and 96.

Q.5 Which of the following numbers are co-prime?

(a) 18 and 35
(b) 15 and 37
(c) 30 and 415
(d) 17 and 68
(e) 216 and 215
(f) 81 and 16

Solution:
We will be using the concept of co-prime numbers to solve this.
(a) Given numbers are 18 and 35
Factors of 18 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
Factors of 35 are 1, 5, 7, 35
The common factor of 18 and 35 is only 1.
Therefore, 18 and 35 are co-prime.
(b) Given numbers are 15 and 37
Factors of 15 are 1, 3, 5, 15
Factors of 37 are 1, 37
The common factor of 15 and 37 is only 1.
Therefore, 15 and 37 are co-prime.
(c) Given numbers are 30 and 415
Factors of 30 are 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 15, 30
Factors of 415 are 1, 5, 83, 415
The common factors of 30 and 415 are 1 and 5.
Therefore, 30 and 415 are not co-prime.
(d) Given numbers are 17 and 68
Factors of 17 are 1, 17
Factors of 68 are 1, 2, 4, 17, 34, 68
The common factors of 17 and 68 are 1 and 17.
Therefore, 17 and 68 are not co-prime.
(e) Given numbers are 216 and 215
Factors of 216 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 27, 36, 54, 72, 108, 216
Factors of 215 are 1, 5, 43, 215
The common factor of 216 and 215 is only 1.
Therefore, 216 and 215 are co-prime.
(f) Given numbers are 81 and 16
Factors of 81 are 1, 3, 9, 27, 81
Factors of 16 are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
The common factor of 81 and 16 is only 1.
Therefore, they are co-prime.

Q.6 A number is divisible by both 5 and 12. By which other number will
that number be always divisible?

Solution:
We use the concepts of factors and coprime numbers to answer the given
question.
We need to find out which number is divisible by both 5 and 12. Since the
unknown number is divisible by both 5 and 12, let us find the factors of 5
and 12.
Factors of 5 are 1 and 5
Factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12.
Since the common factor of these numbers is 1, the given two numbers are
co-prime.
Therefore, the number will also be divisible by their product which is 5 x 12
= 60 since if we divide 60 by 5 we get 12 and if we divide 60 by 12, we get
5.
Therefore, the required number is 60.
The number will also be divisible by all the factors of 60.
The factors of 60 are 1,2,3,4,5,6,10,12,15,20,30 and 60.
Therefore, the number will also be divisible by 1,2,3,4,6,10,15,20,30 and
60.

Q.7 A number is divisible by 12. By what other numbers will that number
be divisible?

Solution:
We use the concepts of factors and coprime numbers to answer the given
question.
We need to find out by which other numbers, the number is divisible given
that it is divisible by 12. Since the number is divisible by 12, let us find the
factors of 12.
Factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12.
The number will also be divisible by all the factors of 12 since it is divisible
by 12.
Therefore, the number will also be divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6.
 NCERT Solutions Class 6 Maths
Chapter-3 Playing with Numbers
Exercise 3.5
Q.1 Which of the following statements are true?
(a) If a number is divisible by 3, it must be divisible by 9.
(b) If a number is divisible by 9, it must be divisible by 3.
(c) A number is divisible by 18, if it is divisible by both 3 and 6.
(d) If a number is divisible by 9 and 10 both, then it must be divisible by
90.
(e) If two numbers are co-primes, at least one of them must be prime.
(f) All numbers which are divisible by 4 must also be divisible by 8.
(g) All numbers which are divisible by 8 must also be divisible by 4.
(h) If a number exactly divides two numbers separately, it must exactly
divide their sum.
(i) If a number exactly divides the sum of two numbers, it must exactly
divide the two numbers separately.

Solution:
(a) If a number is divisible by 3, it must be divisible by 9 is a false statement
because 9 is not a factor of 3. Example: 6 is divisible by 3 but not divisible
by 9.
(b) If a number is divisible by 9, it must be divisible by 3 is a true statement
as 9 = 3 × 3 i.e, 3 is a factor o 9. Example: 36, 45, 54 are divisible by both 9
and 3.
(c) A number is divisible by 18, if it is divisible by both 3 and 6 is a false
statement because 30 is divisible by 3 and 6 but not divisible by 18.
(d) If a number is divisible by 9 and 10 both, then it must be divisible by 90
is a true statement because if a number is divisible by two co-prime
numbers then it is divisible by its product also. Here, 9 and 10 are co-prime
numbers and 90 can be expressed as 90 = 10 × 9. Example: 900 is
divisible by both 9 and 10 and hence, by 90.
(e) If two numbers are co-primes, at least one of them must be prime is a
false statement as any two numbers having HCF as 1 are known as co-
prime numbers. The numbers necessarily do not have to be prime.
Example: 4 and 9 are co-primes as their HCF is equal to 1 but none of the
numbers are prime.
(f) All numbers which are divisible by 4 must also be divisible by 8 is a false
statement because 8 is not a factor of 4. Example: 12 is divisible by 4 but
not divisible by 8.
(g) All numbers which are divisible by 8 must also be divisible by 4 is a true
statement because as 8 = 4 × 2 i.e, 4 is a factor of 8. Example: 48, 64, 80
are divisible by both 8 and 4.
(h) If a number exactly divides two numbers separately, it must exactly
divide their sum is a true statement because if two numbers are divisible by
a number, their sum is also divisible by the number. Example: 3 divides 6
and 9 it also divides 15. (6 + 9 = 15)
(i) If a number exactly divides the sum of two numbers, it must exactly
divide the two numbers separately is a false statement because 3 divides
18 but not divides 14 and 4 separately.

Q.2 Here are two different factor trees for 60. Write the missing numbers

Solution:
We will be using the concept of factors to solve this.
(a) Let the missing numbers be a1
Since, 6 = 2 × a1
∴ Missing number (a1) = 6 ÷ 2 = 3
Similarly, let the missing numbers be a2
10 = 5 × a2
∴ Missing number (a2)= 10 ÷ 5 = 2
(b)Let the missing numbers be a1, a2, a3 and a4.
60 = 30 × a1
⇒ a1 = 60 ÷ 30 = 2
30 = 10 × a2
⇒ a2 = 30 × 10 = 3
10 = a3 × a4
⇒ a3 = 2 or 5 and a4 = 5 or 2

Q.3 Which factors are not included in the prime factorization of a

composite number?

Solution:
We will use the concepts of prime number, composite number, prime
factorization, and factors to solve this.
Let's take an example of a composite number to understand this.
42 can be written as,
42 = 2 × 3 × 7
The prime factors of 42 are 2, 3, and 7. The factors that are not included
are 1 and 42 as they are not prime numbers.
Hence, we can say that the number itself and 1 are not included in
the prime factorization of a composite number.

Q.4 Write the greatest 4-digit number and express it in terms of its prime
factors.

Solution:
We will be using the concepts of prime numbers, factors to solve this.
The greatest 4-digit number is 9999.
9999 = 3 × 3 × 11 × 101 [Prime factors are the factors of the given number
which are prime.]
Thus, the prime factors of the greatest 4-digit number 9999 are 3, 3, 11, 101.

Q.5 Write the smallest 5-digit number and express it in the form of its
prime factors.

Solution:
We will be using the concepts of prime numbers, factors to solve this.
The smallest 5-digit number is 10000
Thus, the required prime factors of 10000 are 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5.

Q.6 Find all the prime factors of 1729 and arrange them in ascending
order. Now state the relations, if any, between the two consecutive prime
factors.

Solution:
We will be using the concept of prime factorization to solve this.
All the prime factors of 1729 are 7 × 13 × 19.
The difference between two consecutive prime factors is 6.
Since, 13 - 7 = 6 and 19 - 13 = 6

Q.7 The product of three consecutive numbers is always divisible by 6.

Verify this statement with the help of some examples.

Solution:
We will be using the concept of Divisibility by 6 to solve this.
Example 1:
Let's take three consecutive numbers 19, 20, and 21.
The product of 19 × 20 × 21 = 7980
Now divide 7980 by 6.
7980 6 = 1330
Therefore, the product of three consecutive numbers, 19, 20, and 21, is
divisible by 6.
Example 2:
Let's take three consecutive numbers 11, 12, and 13.
The product of 11 × 12 × 13 = 1716
Now divide 1716 by 6.
1716 6 = 286
Therefore, the product of three consecutive numbers, 11, 12, and 13, is
divisible by 6.

Q.8 The sum of two consecutive odd numbers is divisible by 4. Verify

this statement with the help of some examples.

Solution:
We will be using the concept of divisibility by 4 to solve this.
Example 1:
The sum of two consecutive odd numbers is divisible by 4. Let's verify this
statement with the help of some examples.
Suppose we have two consecutive odd numbers, 23 and 25.
The sum of two consecutive odd numbers = 23 + 25 = 48
The number formed by two consecutive odd numbers, 23 and 25, is 48,
divisible by 4.
Example 2:
Let us take another two consecutive odd numbers, 79 and 81.
The sum of two consecutive odd numbers = 79 + 81 = 160
The number formed by two consecutive odd numbers, 79 and 81, is 160,
divisible by 4.

Q.9 In which of the following expressions, prime factorization has been

done?
(a) 24 = 2 × 3 × 4
(b) 56 = 7 × 2 × 2 × 2
(c) 70 = 2 × 5 × 7
(d) 54 = 2 × 3 × 9

Solution:
We will use the concept of prime factorization to solve this.
(a) 24 = 2 × 3 × 4
Here, 4 is not a prime number in the given factorization of 24.
Thus, 24 = 2 × 3 × 4 is not the correct way of prime factorization.
(b) 56 = 7 × 2 × 2 × 2
Here, in the factorization of 56, all factors are prime numbers
Hence, 56 = 7 × 2 × 2 × 2 is the correct way of prime factorization.
(c) 70 = 2 × 5 × 7
Here, in the factorization of 70, all factors are prime numbers.
Hence, 70 = 2 × 5 × 7 is a correct way of prime factorization.
(d) 54 = 2 × 3 × 9
Here, 9 is not a prime number in the given factorization of 54.
Hence, 54 = 2 × 3 × 9 is not a correct way of prime factorization.

Q.10 Determine if 25110 is divisible by 45.

[Hint : 5 and 9 are co-prime numbers. Test the divisibility of the number
by 5 and 9].

Solution:
We will be using the concept of divisibility by 5 and 9 to solve this.
If a number is divisible by two co-prime numbers, it is also divisible by their
product.
We know that 45 = 5 × 9
Here, 5 and 9 are co-prime numbers.
The condition for divisibility by 5: The unit's digit of the given number should
be 0 or 5. Here we have 25110, the unit's digit is 0. So, it is divisible by 5.
The condition for divisibility by 9: Sum of the digits of a number should be a
multiple of 9. For 25110, the sum of the digits is 2 + 5 + 1 + 1 + 0 = 9 which
is divisible by 9.
So, the number 25110 is divisible by 5 and 9 both. Hence, it will also be
divisible by their product 45.
Hence, the number 25110 is divisible by 45.

Q.11 18 is divisible by both 2 and 3. It is also divisible by 2 × 3 = 6.

Similarly, a number is divisible by both 4 and 6. Can we say that the
number must also be divisible by 4 × 6 = 24? If not, give an example to
justify your answer.

Solution:
We will be using the concept of divisibility to solve this.
If a number is divisible by two co-prime numbers, it is also divisible by their
product.
The numbers 2 and 3 are co-prime numbers. Hence, if a number is divisible
by 2 and 3, it should also be divisible by their product i.e, 6.
But now, the numbers 4 and 6 are not co-prime numbers as their HCF is not
equal to 1. Thus, if a number is divisible by both 4 and 6 it necessarily does
not have to be divisible by their product 4 × 6 = 24.
Example: 36 and 48 are divisible by both 4 and 6 but not by 24.

Q.12 I am the smallest number, having four different prime factors. Can
you find me?

Solution:
We will use the concept of prime factorization to solve this.
Since it is the smallest number having four different prime factors, thus, it
will be the product of the first 4 prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, and 7.
Hence, the required smallest number = 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 210
 NCERT Solutions Class 6 Maths
Chapter-3 Playing with Numbers
Exercise 3.6
Q.1 Find the HCF of the following numbers :
(a) 18, 48
(b) 30, 42
(c) 18, 60
(d) 27, 63
(e) 36, 84
(f) 34, 102
(g) 70, 105, 175
(h) 91, 112, 49
(i) 18, 54, 81
(j) 12, 45, 75

Solution:
We will use the concept of the HCF(Highest Common Factor) to solve this.
(a) 18, 48
The prime factorizations of 18 and 48 are as follows:
18 = 2 × 3 × 3
48 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
The common factors, in this case, are 2 and 3.
HCF = 2 × 3 = 6
Hence, the HCF of 18, 48 is 6
(b) 30, 42
The prime factorizations of 30 and 42 are as follows:
30 = 2 × 3 × 5
42 = 2 × 3 × 7
The common factors, in this case, are 2 and 3.
HCF = 2 × 3 = 6
Hence, the HCF of 30, 42 is 6.
(c) 18, 60
The prime factorizations of 18 and 60 are as follows:
18 = 2 × 3 × 3
60 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5
The common factors, in this case, are 2 and 3.
HCF = 2 × 3 = 6
Hence, the HCF of 18, 60 is 6.
(d) 27, 63
The prime factorizations of 27 and 63 are as follows:
27 = 3 × 3 × 3
63 = 3 × 3 × 7
The common factors, in this case, are 3 and 3.
HCF = 3 × 3 = 9
Hence, the HCF of 27, 63 is 9
(e) 36, 84
The prime factorizations of 36 and 84 are as follows:
36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
84 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 7
The common factors, in this case, are 2, 2, and 3.
HCF = 2 × 2 × 3 = 12
Hence, the HCF of 36, 84 is 12
(f) 34, 102
The prime factorizations of 34 and 102 are as follows:
34 = 2 × 17
102 = 2 × 3 × 17
The common factors, in this case, are 2 and 17.
HCF = 2 × 17 = 34
Hence, the HCF of 34, 102 is 34
(g) 70, 105, 175
The prime factorizations of 70, 105, and 175 are as follows:
70 = 2 × 5 × 7
105 = 3 × 5 × 7
175 = 5 × 5 × 7
The common factors, in this case, are 5 and 7.
HCF = 5 × 7 = 35
Hence, the HCF of 70, 105, 175 is 35
(h) 91, 112, 49
The prime factorizations of 91, 112, and 49 are as follows:
91 = 7 × 13
112 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 7
49 = 7 × 7
The common factors, in this case, are 7.
HCF = 7
Hence, the HCF of 91, 112, 49 is 7
(i) 18, 54, 81
The prime factorizations of 18, 54, and 81 are as follows:
18 = 2 × 3 × 3
54 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
81 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
The common factors, in this case, are 3 and 3.
HCF = 3 × 3 = 9
Hence, the HCF of 18, 54, 81 is 9
(j) 12, 45, 75
The prime factorizations of 12, 45 and 75 are as follows:
12 = 2 × 2 × 3
45 = 3 × 3 × 5
75 = 3 × 5 × 5
The common factors, in this case, are 3.
HCF = 3
Hence, the HCF of 12, 45, 75 is 3

Q.2 What is the HCF of two consecutive (a) numbers? (b) even numbers?
(c) odd numbers?

Solution:
We will use the concept of the HCF(Highest Common Factor) to solve this.
(a) When calculating the HCF of two consecutive numbers, the common
factor is 1.
Example: Consecutive numbers = 4, 5

The HCF of 4 and 5 is 1

Hence, HCF of any two consecutive numbers is equal to 1.
(b) When calculating the HCF of two consecutive even numbers, the
common factor is 2.
Example: Consecutive even numbers = 2, 4
The HCF of 2 and 4 is 2
Hence, HCF of two consecutive even numbers is equal to 2.
(c) When calculating the HCF of two consecutive odd numbers, the common
factor is 1.
Example: Consecutive odd numbers = 3, 5

The HCF of 3 and 5 is 1.

Hence, the HCF of two consecutive odd numbers is equal to 1.

Q.3 HCF of co-prime numbers 4 and 15 was found as follows by

factorization:
4 = 2 × 2 and 15 = 3 × 15 since there is no common prime factors, so HCF
of 4 and 15 is 0. Is the answer correct? If not, what is the correct HCF?

Solution:
We will be using the concept of the HCF(Highest Common Factor) to solve
this.
We have been given that,
4 = 2 × 2 and 15 = 3 × 15.
Since there are no common prime factors, so HCF of 4 and 15 is 0 is
incorrect.
We see that there are no prime numbers or prime factors common to 4 and
15. Therefore their HCF is the universal factor 1.
Hence, 4 and 15 are co-prime numbers having HCF as 1 and not 0.
 NCERT Solutions Class 6 Maths
Chapter-3 Playing with Numbers
Exercise 3.7
Q.1 Renu purchases two bags of fertiliser of weights 75 kg and 69 kg.
Find the maximum value of weight which can measure the weight of the
fertiliser exact number of times.

Solution:
We will use the concept of the HCF(Highest Common Factor) to solve this.
To determine the maximum value of weight which can measure the given
weight an exact number of times, we will find the HCF of 75 kg and 69 kg.
Let us find the prime factors of 75 and 69 using prime factorization.
75 = 3 × 5 × 5
69 = 3 × 23
Here we observe that the common factor of 75 and 69 is 3.
Therefore HCF of 75 and 69 = 3.
Hence, the required maximum value of weight that can measure the given
weight an exact number of times is 3 kg.

Q.2 Three boys step off together from the same spot. Their steps
measure 63 cm, 70 cm and 77 cm respectively. What is the minimum
distance each should cover so that all can cover the distance in
complete steps?

Solution:
We will be using the concept of LCM(Least Common Multiple) to solve this.
To find the minimum distance each should cover so that all can cover the
distance in complete steps, we have to find the LCM of 63, 70, 77.
LCM = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 × 11 = 6930
Hence, the minimum distance each should cover so that all can cover the
distance in complete steps is 6930 cm.

Q.3 The length, breadth and height of a room are 825 cm, 675 cm and
450 cm respectively. Find the longest tape which can measure the three
dimensions of the room exactly.

Solution:
We will use the concept of the HCF(Highest Common Factor) to solve this.
To determine the longest tape required to measure the three dimensions of
the room, we need to calculate the HCF of the given dimensions that are
825, 675, and 450.
Prime factorization of 825, 675, and 450 can be calculated by finding prime
factors.
Prime factorization of 825 = 3 × 5 × 5 × 11
Prime factorization of 675 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
Prime factorization of 450 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
Let us try to find the highest common factor.
Here we observe that 3 × 5 × 5 is the highest common factor.
Hence HCF of 825, 675, and 450 is 75.
Thus, the length of the longest tape required to measure the three
dimensions of the room will be 75 cm.

Q.4 Determine the smallest 3-digit number which is exactly divisible by

6, 8 and 12.

Solution:
We will be using the concept of LCM(Least Common Multiple) to solve this.
We know that the smallest 3-digit number is 100
Let's find the LCM of 6, 8, and 12 as shown below.

As we can observe from the division method, LCM of 6, 8, and 12 is 2 × 2 ×

2 × 3 = 24
Thus, all the multiples of 24 will also be divisible by 6, 8, and 12.
Now we will divide the smallest-3 digit number with the LCM obtained, and
the remainder will be subtracted from the dividend, and 24 will be added to
it to make it perfectly divisible.
Let us observe below.
So, the smallest three digit multiple of 24 will be,
100 = (100 – 4) + 24 = 96 + 24 = 120
Hence, the smallest 3-digit number which is exactly divisible by 6, 8, and
12, is 120.

Q.5 Determine the greatest 3-digit number exactly divisible by 8, 10 and

12.

Solution:
We will be using the concept of LCM(Least Common Multiple) to solve this.
To determine the greatest 3-digit number exactly divisible by 8, 10, and 12,
we need to find the LCM of the given numbers.
Let's find the LCM of 8, 10, and 12 as shown below.

LCM of 8, 10, and 12 will be equal to 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 120

As we know that the greatest 3-digit number is 999, we will now divide 999
by the obtained LCM that is 120.
Since the remainder is not 0, hence we subtract 39 from 999.
999 - 39 = 960 which is a multiple of 120 and is exactly divisible.
Now,
120 × 8 = 960 and 120 × 9 = 1080.
We see that 120 × 9 = 1080 is a 4-digit number but, we need the greatest
3-digit multiple.
Therefore, the greatest 3-digit multiple of 120 is 120 × 8 = 960 i.e, 960.
Hence, the greatest 3-digit number exactly divisible by 8, 10, and 12 is 960.

Q.6 The traffic lights at three different road crossings change after every
48 seconds, 72 seconds and 108 seconds respectively. If they change
simultaneously at 7 a.m., at what time will they change simultaneously
again?

Solution:
We will be using the concept of LCM(Least Common Multiple) to solve this.
To proceed with the given problem, we need to find the LCM of 48, 72, and
108.

Therefore LCM of 48, 72 and 108 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 432

Hence, after every 432 seconds, the light will change simultaneously.
Thus, the required time is 432 seconds which can be converted into
minutes and seconds as 7 minutes 12 seconds past 7 a.m.
Q.7 Three tankers contain 403 litres, 434 litres and 465 litres of diesel
respectively. Find the maximum capacity of a container that can
measure the diesel of the three containers exact number of times.

Solution:
We will use the concept of the HCF(Highest Common Factor) to solve this.
To determine the maximum capacity of a container that can measure the
diesel of the three containers an exact number of times, we need to
calculate the HCF of 403, 434 and 465.
So, prime factorization of 403, 434 and 465 are as follows,
403 = 13 × 31
434 = 2 × 7 × 31
465 = 3 × 5 × 31
Here we observe that 31 is the highest common factor of 403, 434 and 465.
Therefore, the maximum capacity of the required container that can
measure the diesel of the three containers an exact number of times will be
31 litres.

Q.8 Find the least number which when divided by 6, 15 and 18

leave remainder 5 in each case.

Solution:
We will be using the concept of LCM(Least Common Multiple) to solve this.
To determine the least number which when divided by 6, 15, and 18 leave
the remainder 5 in each case,we need to find the LCM of the three given
numbers.
Since, the LCM obtained will be the smallest common multiple of all the
three numbers 6, 15, and 18, after getting LCM we need to add 5 to it so
as to get 5 as a remainder.
Let's find the LCM of 6, 5 and 18 as shown below.
Therefore, LCM of 6, 15 and 18 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 90.
Thus we can see that, 90 is the least number exactly divisible by 6, 15, and
18.
To get a remainder 5, we need to add 5 to the LCM.
⇒ 90 + 5 = 95.
Thus, when 95 is divided by 6, 15, and 18 we get a remainder of 5 in each
case.
Hence, the required number for the given problem is 95.

Q.9 Find the smallest 4-digit number which is divisible by 18, 24 and 32.

Solution:
We will be using the concept of LCM(Least Common Multiple) to solve this.
We know that the smallest 4-digit number is 1000.
Hence,the LCM of 18, 24 and 32 is calculated as shown below,
Therefore, LCM of 18, 24 and 32 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 288
Thus, we have 288 as the smallest number, which is exactly divisible by 18,
24, and 32.
Since it's not a 4-digit number, we need to find the multiple of 288, close to
1000.
Here we have 136 as the remainder.
Therefore, we need to subtract 136 and add 288 to make the smallest 4
digit number exactly divisible by18, 24, and 32.
So, the multiple of 288 just above 1000 is: 1000 – 136 + 288 = 1152.
Hence, the smallest 4-digit number which is divisible by 18, 24, and 32 is
1152.

Q.10 Find the LCM of the following numbers:

(a) 9 and 4
(b) 12 and 5
(c) 6 and 5
(d) 15 and 4
Observe a common property in the obtained LCMs. Is LCM the product
of two numbers in each case?

Solution:
We will be using the concept of LCM(Least Common Multiple) to solve this.
(a) Let us find the LCM of 9 and 4

Hence, LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 36
Product of the numbers = 9 × 4 = 36
(b) Let us find the LCM of 12 and 5

Hence, LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 60
Product of the numbers = 12 × 5 = 60
(c) Let us find the LCM of 6, 5
Hence, LCM = 2 × 3 × 5 = 30
Product of the numbers = 6 × 5 = 30
(d) Let us find the LCM of 15 and 4

Hence, LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 60
Product of the numbers = 15 × 4 = 60
Therefore, we have observed in each case that the LCM of the given
numbers is equal to the product of the two numbers given.

Q.11 Find the LCM of the following numbers in which one number is the
factor of the other.
(a) 5, 20
(b) 6, 18
(c) 12, 48
(d) 9, 45
What do you observe in the results obtained?

Solution:
We will be using the concept of LCM(Least Common Multiple) to solve this.
Here it is given that one number is a factor of another number which means
one number completely divides the other number.
Let's find the LCM in each case
(a) LCM of 5 and 20

Hence, LCM = 2 × 2 × 5 = 20
(b) LCM of 6 and 18

Hence, LCM = 2 × 3 × 3 = 18
(c) LCM of 12 and 48
Hence, LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 48
(d) LCM of 9 and 45

Hence, LCM = 3 × 3 × 5 = 45
Therefore, in each case, the LCM of given numbers is the larger number.
Hence, we can generalize the statement by saying that their LCM will be
the larger number whenever a number is a factor of the other number.