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Advanced Level Mathematics Statistics1 - 231019 - 172857
Advanced Level Mathematics Statistics1 - 231019 - 172857
Q, ~Q,, indicating positive skew, but for the left whisker to be longer than the right whisker, which would ten to suggest negative skew. In such cases you ‘must make a judgement about which method of assessing skewness you think isthe ‘more important, Fortunately data of this sort clo not occur commonly. 36° Outliers “The quartiles ofa data set can also be used to assess whether the data set has any ‘outliers. Outliers are unusual or “Treak" values which differ erealy in magnitude from ‘the majority ofthe data values. But just how large or small does a value have tobe to be an outlier? There is no simple answer to this question, but one ‘rule of thumb developed by the statistician John Tukey is to use ‘fences’ “The upper fence is la value 1S times the interquartile range above the upper quartile Q,+1.5(Q;-2,)- Upper fens ‘The lower fence is a a value 1.5 times the interquartile range below the lower quartile: 0,-15(0,-0)) John Tukey then said that any value which is bigger than the upper Fence or smaller than the lower fence is considered to be an outlier. Lower fene For the data of Example 34.1, Q)=2 and Q; =8, 50 +15(0, lower fence =, -15(0;-@))= upper fence 8415x(8-2) -15(8-2)=-7 Jn this case there is no value above 17 or below ~7,s0 tis dataset does not contain any values which could be said to be outliers Exercise 3A, 1 Find the range and interquartile range of each ofthe following data sets. 7 4 i469 2 2 1p 6 15) ©) 76 48 12 69 48 72 81 103 48 67 2 Find the interquartile range of the lea lengths displayed in Exercise 1A Question | a