TUTORIAL 23

UNIT 2

ISOTOPES, ISOBARS, ISOTONES AND ISOELECTRONIC

SPECIES
ISOTOPES
• Atoms of same element with same atomic number but have different mass number are called
isotopes.
• Eg. 1 H, 2 H, 3 H
1 1 1
(Hydrogen) (Deuterium) (Tritium)
Explanation: In these three species, atomic number is same, i.e. 1. Hence each of them having
proton number 1
But Mass numbers are different. 11H has only 1 proton but no neutron.
2 H has 1 proton and one neutron
1
3 H has 1 proton but have 2 neutrons.
1
ISOBARS
• Atoms of different element with different atomic number but have same mass number are called
isobars.
• Eg. 40 Ar, 40 K, 40 Ca
18 19 20

Explanation: In these three species, atomic number are different viz. 18, 19 and 20. but mass
numbers are same i.e. 40.
ISOTONES
• Atoms of different element with different atomic number but have same number of neutrons are
called isotones.
• Eg. 14 C, 15 N, 16 O
6 7 8

Explanation: In these three species, atomic number are different viz. 6, 7 and 8.
But, the neutrons number of 146C= 14-6= 8
15 N=15-7=8
7
16 O=16-8=8
8
ISOELECTRONICS
• Atoms or ions having same number of electrons are called isoelectronic species.
• Eg. O2-, F-, Na+, Mg2+ ,Al3+ , Ne

Explanation: In these species, atomic number are different.

But, the number of electrons in O2-= 8+2=10
F-= 9+1=10
Na+=11-1=10
Mg2+=12-2=10
Al3+=13-3=10
Ne=10