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    021 A.4 SECTION 21_GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION

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    8 views18 pages

    021 A.4 Section 21 - Geotechnical Instrumentation

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    agws

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    SECTION 21 GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION 2A 21.1.1 PROTECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF INSTRUMENTS. 21.1.2 STABILISING ELECTRONIC READOUT DEVICES, 21.13 PERSONNEL. 21.14 BOREHOLES FOR INSTRUMENTS 21.1.5 GROUTING OF BOREHOLES. 21.1.6 LABELLING AND MARKING OF INSTRUMEN| 21.7 Survey EQUIPMENT. a 211.8 INSTRUMENTATION EQUIPMENT REFERENCES m2 213 214 2S 21.6 27 21.8 219 21.10 2aL mad 21.13 21.14 AS 21.16 2.7 21.18 21.49 21.20 rat SECTION 21: GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION GENERAL ss DISPLACEMENT MARKERS, SETTLEMENT MARKERS AND SURVEY STATIONS DEEP LEVELLING DATUM, ROD SETTLEMENT GAUGE HYDROSTATIC PROFILE GAUGES MAGNETIC EXTENSOMETER.. INCLINOMETERS.... — COMBINED INCLINOMETERS AND MAGNETIC EXTENSOMETER... STANDPIPE wenn STANDPIPE PIRZOMETERS. PNEUMATIC PIRZOMETERS... DEEP SETTLEMENT. GAUGES sss SURFACE SETTLEMENT SURVEY POINTS... COMMISSIONING AND BASE READINGS. GENERAL INFORMATION ON ALL RECORDS. INSTALLATION RECORDS. INSTALLATION REPORT. READINGS ... FREQUENCY OF READINGS. ANOMALOUS READINGS MONTHLY MONITORING REPORT... S21 -i 2d 2112 m3 SECTION 21: GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENT AT GENERAL Instrumentation shall be installed to messured horizontal and vortics subsoil or structures supported by the subsotl and water pressures within and shall remain operetional both during and afer the construction vont. ‘The Contractor shall be responsible for and shall follow the instruction 0) ‘and the requirements of this specification in the’ installation, calibratioy measuring instruments and equipment, which shall be caried| ovt wile of the $.0, The Contractor shall inform the $.0. at least 2. diyys installation of the equipment. The Contractor shall make due allow programme for delays which may arise on account of the installation of their maintenance, Protection And Maintenance Of Instruments ‘The Contractor shall tke all necessary precautions to protec the Insts instruments in good working order after commissioning. For xi through and above the fill, special precautions shall vebicles and plant including substantial and readily visible bet around each instrument. Heavy compaction equipment sll projecting instruments: Damaged instruments shall be repicc 0 his own expense within soven days Stabilising Electronic Readout Devices All electronic readout devices and transducers shall be shaded frown dive Probes which are used inside access tubes shall be placed inside the tube to a stable temperature for at least 10 minutes before use, Zero ot statin taken once temperature stabilization is complete Personnel Personnel involved in the installation and monitoring of inst following: tse i) Instrumentation Engineer - atleast 3 years’ expetieuce « ‘equipment to be installed. if) Sentor Instrumentation - at least 2 years? expecience of (1 using the equipment to be installed. Junior Instrumentation - folly rained in the tecliniiay inst of the equipment to be installed. ‘The instrumentation engineer shall bo responsible for tho averall arid monitoring of the instruments. He shall be on ste throughout ins and initial monitoring. His time on site shall bo spent 100% on instvons involved in the remaining monitoring on a basis to be agreod with the atleast 20% attendance on site ‘The Senior Instrumentation technician shall be on site throughout inst! and all monitoring. He shall be assisted by sufficient junior ¢echnicions programme of installation and monitoring, and shall ensure that all inst ‘monitoring is either earried out by or supervised by a suitably experienced ‘The Contractor shall submit names and curricular vitae of poison instrumentation and monitoring and a programme of their nttendiis 8.0. Deviation from the approved programme of attendance ot the ‘clause shall only be permitted with the approval of the §.0. Sal-1 the orks Fall ing, fof 24 2145 21.1.6 27 2A8 Boreholes for Instruments Boreholes for instruments may be drilled by any method provided that it results in a clean and stable hole of the required diameter to the correct depth. Boreholes shall be cased to their full depth unless strata are sufficiently competent for the hole to stay open under dry conditions, Borcholes shall be drilled using clean water. Drilling mud or polymer additives shall only be used with the approval of the S.O. In the case of installation of piezometers, drilling mud or polymer additives shall not be permitted, During drilling care shall be taken to ensure that minimum material is lost ftom outside the casing. Surging of casing shall not be allowed, and flushing of drilling water up the outside of the casing shall be minimized. ‘The method of forming boreholes, including the procedure, for advencing casing, shall be ‘submitted to the $.0. for approval before commencement of the works. Grouting Of Boreholes For all instruments placed in boreholes, grouting is required of part or the entire borehole during installation. The grout shall be a bentonite : coment mixture with sufficient water to achieve a pumpable mix. The proportions ofthe mix shall be such as to imitate as closely as possible the strength orconsistency of the natural soils present. The Contractor shall conduct ‘tials on different mixes of bentonite:eement (from 4:1 to 8:1) to ascertain the relationship with strength, Specimens shall be cured and stored, then tested in undrainediaxial compression after | day, 2 days, 7 days, 14 days, 1 month and 3 months. Three specimens shall be tested on each occasion, and the sources of bentonite and cement shall be the same as used for eventual instalation. On the basis of these trials, the $0. shall decide on the bentonite : cement ‘Proportions to be used, which may be varied depending on the application Grout shall be poured or pumped into boreholes using a tremie pipe. Labelling And Marking Of Instruments All instruments shall be labelled with their reference number at the location’ where, readings oF ‘measurements are taken. The labelling shall be permanent using a method or material to be agreed with the 8.0. For instruments which are located beneath a drainage blanket where vertical drains are later to be installed, their locations and the locations of any connecting tubes or cables shall be ‘marked using. 1.6m lengths of 20mm steel bar. The bars shall be driven vertically 0.9m into the ground as close as practicable to the instrument before the drainage blanket is placed, The tops of the steel bars shall be painted in bright colours, with a colour coding if necessary. During placing of the drainage blanket around the bars the Contractor shall ensure that the bars remain vertical, and clearly visible on completion ofthe drainage blanket. Survey Equipment All survey equipment used in conjunction with the monitoring of instrumentation; including, measuring tapes, levels and theodolites shall be maintained aad calibrated as required by the manufacturers and good surveying practice. Levols shall be checked for horizontality of the line of sight every four weeks. Instrumentation Equipment References In this specification specialist geotechnical instrumentation and equipment shall be refered to the current catalogues of Geotechnical Instruments (UK) Ltd, and shall be to prefixed as GI Item No, The relevant GI-Data Sheet reference number is given in the specification for each type of instrument. Equipment froin other manufacturers may be used ‘Provided that it meets the requirements of this specifiation and provides the same facilities the GT item. Detail of altermative equipment shall be submited to the S.0. for approval. Ifthe S.O. considers it necessary, demonstrations shel be arranged by the Contractor. Any supplier of geotechnical instrumentation must demonstrate that they operate an adequate system of product quality assurance, s21-2 2 DISPLACEMENT MARKERS, SETTLEMENT MARKERS AND SURVEY STATIONS @ Scope @ Gi) Displacement markers and settlement markers are required to monitor the horizontal ‘and vertical movement of the ground or embankment surface. Survey stations provide fa reference for levelling or horizontal measurement to other points, and shall be established on stable ground unaffected by construction. The Contractor stall be responsible for establishing displacement markers and settlement markers in locations selected by the S.O. in longitudinal and lateral directions along and across the embankment crest, slopes and toes, and for installing permanent survey stations on indistuebed ground clear ofthe embankment as indicated by the S.O. Equipment and Installation ‘The markers shall comprise stecl rods of 20mm diameter which shall be driven vertically into the embankment or undisturbed ground for a minimum distance of 1.0m and shall project approximataly 75mm above the ground surface. The rods shall be surrounded by not less than 0.03eum, of concrete at ground level, end their tops shall be carefully domed and centre punched. The details ofthe installation are shown fon the Drawings. The concrete shall be scored with the reference number of the marker. ‘Method of Monitoring For sottlomont markers, lovels of the top of the rod shall be measured using standard levelling techniques. The datums used shall preferably require only one sot up of the fovel; and levelling shall be closed back to the datums. For displacement markers, horizontal location of the top of the rod shell be measured. by taping from a suitably located survey station or control point: If direct taping is not possible, then other surveying techniques shall be used as agreed with the 8.0. For survey stations, level and plan location of the top of the rod shall be established. using agreed checked using the agreed control at intervals to be agreed with the $.0. 213 DEEP LEVELLING DATUM @ Gin) ‘Scope A deep datum is required to provide a reference for measurement of ground levels in ‘areas of soft ground, The dati itself is fixed into rock and isolated from soft and compressible overlying strata. The Contractor shall be responsible for establishing & deep datum at locations, and with depths and details as specified by the $.0. A deep datum shall consist of a 25mm galvanized steel pipe fixed into firm ground with cement grout. The datum pipe shall be isolated from the overlying soft ground by a 75mm galvanized steel pipe bedded into the top of the cement grout. The upper part ofthe 75mm pipe shall be surrounded by a square concrete plinth of not less than 0.06cu.m. of concrete, The details of the equipment are shown on the Drawings. The concrete shall be scored with the reference number ofthe datum. Bstablishin 1 Level ‘The level value of deep datum shall be established by standard levelling techniques from agreed bench marks in the vicinity. Levelling shall be closed back to the bench marks to check accuracy. The level value shall be measured three times soon after installation of the datum, and shall be checked at intervals to be established by the 8.0. S213 ¢ 24 218 ROD SETTLEMENT GAUGES @ Scope Rod setlement gauges are required to measure setlements taking place beneath and adjacent to embankments during and after construction. The Contractor shall provide and install rod settlement gauges a locations and levels as specified bythe 8.0 Equipment and Installation Rod settlement gauges shall be as shown in the Drawings and the Contractor shall be responsible for installation of all gauges as work proceeds, The hase plate and first length of rod shall be placed as early as possible during, earthworks, preferably before any significant filling (including any drainage blanket) has been placed. Extension lengths shall be installed when the level of compacted embankment is 250mm below the top of the preceding lengths. ‘Should a rod settlement gauge be damaged or should the Contractor fail to extend the ‘gauge when required he shall stop all filling in the vicinity of the gauge until the necessary remedial works have been carriod out. The Contractor shall be liable for any delay in his programme, or any additional work that has to be done as a result of such damage, Should any rod settlement gauge be damaged in such a way as to make it useless for its purpose, the S.O. shall assess tho settlement for measurement purposes and this assessment shall be accepted by the Contractor as final. Method of Monitoring - Rod settlement plates shall be monitored by standard levelling techniques. Levels shall be taken at the top of rod itself and the fill adjacent to the gauge on each occasion. The datum used shall preferably require only set up of the level, and levelling shall be closed back to the datum. When rods are extended, levels shall be ‘measured immediately before and immediately after adding the extension, HYDROSTATIC PROFILE GAUGES 0 w Scope Hydrostatic profile gauges provide a method of measuring vertical displacement beneath a road embankment. Readings are taken at regular intervals across the entire Width of the embankment and provide a continuous profile of setlement. The Contractor shall install hydrostatic profile gauges at locations and with details as specified by the 8.0, across the fll width of the embankment. Refer to GI Data Sheet HPG 87, Equipment and Installation The hydrostatic profile gauge shall be installed before earthwork commences as shown in the Drawings and shall consist of semi rigid polyethylene access tube 50mm o.d, and 39,6mm id, (GI item HPG 1.1 or similar approved) installed in a sand filled trench. The trench may be filled with its arisings provided they are suitable fill and stone free, and approval is given by the 8.0. Each end of the access tube shall pass freely through a protective cover (GI item HPG 1.5 or similar approved) fabricated in plastic complete with solid PVC taper-threaded plug. The plug shall have an eye for retention ofthe instrument draweord. The drawcord shall bbe 6mm diameter polyester cord (GI item HPG 1.3 or similar approved). ach protective cover shall be set into « concrete pad. If the expected settlement is large such that the protective cover may not be long enough to accommodate the relative movement of the access tube, then the protective cover shall be extended using @ suitable piece of plastic pipe. The concrete pads shall have minimum dimensions of 1.5m x 1.5m x 0.3m atthe ead out end, and 1.5m x 1,5mx0.3mat the S214 Git) @ ‘opposite end. They should be located beyond the influence ofthe located area causing settlement. At each conereted pad cadmium plated steel, survey pin (GI item HPG 1.4 or similar approved) shall be cast into the concrete. The end soft the access tube shall be covered with a suitable end cap (GI item HPG 1.2 or similar approved) at all times ‘ntl installed inside the protective cover. Readout Device ‘The readout device shall consist of an operating tube 75m long marked at 1.0m intervals and connected to a stainless steel probe with eye bolt for attachment to the draweord (GI item HPG 2.3 or similar approved). The operating tube shall be mounted on a reel housing the digital transducer meter. The digital traducer meter (GI item HPG 2.6 or similar approved) shall have a menu driven reading, and display capability with solid state data storage for 2000 readings. ‘The meter shall incorporate an RS232C port to allow downloading of stored data and be supplied with an RS232C interface and cable ink (GI item HPG 2.8 or similar approved). The readout unit shall bbe powered by re-chargeable batteries with a mininlum life of 12 hours. A suitable ‘automatic battery charger shall be supplied with the readout unit (GI item HPG 2.7 or similar approved). The system shall be capable of measuring elevation with reference to the survey pin to an accuracy of #.0mm. ‘Method of Monitoring Immediately before taking a set of readings with the hydrostatic profile gauge, levels shall be measured, of the two survey pins set into the conorete pads. The readout device shall then be sot up at one end, and the probe placed on the survey pin and @ reference value taken, The probe shall be pulled through the access tube to the other ‘end using the drawcord: The probe shalt be placed’ on the other survey pin-and-e value taken, The probe shall then be pulled back through the access tube towards the oable reel, taking readings every 1.0m, When the probes come out of the access tube, it shall be placed on the survey pin and a second reference value taken. All measured values shall be recorded and stored on the digital transducer meter. 21.6 MAGNETIC EXTENSOMETER, @ a Scope ‘Magnetic extensometer provides @ method of measuring settlement at a point or a series of points below the ground surface. The Contractor shall install magnetic ‘extensometer at locations and with depths and details as specified by the 8.0. Refer ‘to GI Data Sheet ME 87, ‘Equipment and Installation ‘The magnetic extensometer shall consist of an access tube and a series of magnetic targets which are free to slide down the tube, together with a datum magnet which is fixed to the tube near its base. The access tubo shall be rigid PVC tube 33.:Smm oud. snd 24.5mm id. with threaded ends which provide both an internal and external flush coupling. (GI item ME 1.1 or ME 1.2 or similar approved). A rigid PVC endcap (GL item ME 1.5 or similar approved) sball be fixed to the lower end of the series of tubes. Compressiowextension tubes (GI item ME 1.3 or similar approved) shall be provided where required by the $.0. All joints shall be sealed with suitable PVC solvent cement (GI item ME 1.6 or similar approved). ‘A datum ring magnet (GI item ME 2.1 or similar approved) shell be fixed ‘approximately 2m above the lower end of the tube. Spider magnets (GI item ME 2.7 or similar approved) shall be used within the subsoil and plate magnets (GI Item ME 2.16 er similar approved) within fill where magnets can be placed during construction. 27 The tube shall be costed with thick grease over its upper part where it passes though compressible sub-soils. It shall then be lowered together with all magnets and necessary accessories fixed in position info a 100mm diameter borehole backfilled with a suitable bentonite : cement grout mix. Once in position the spider magnets, shall be released, Where the access tube passes through upper stiff crusts or fill materia, it shall be sleeved by a larger diameter tube so that it can pass freely through these materials as settlement takes place. Where the access tube passes through fill which is being ‘placed, the access tube and outer sleeve shall be extended as filling progresses. The top of the access tube, and the larger diameter sleeve where present, shall be protected with a suitable cover (GI item ME 4.1 or similar approved), Gi) Readout Device The readout device (GI item ME 522 or similar approved) shall consist of a nickel plated brass probe containing a reed switch encapsulated in sifcone rubber. The Probe shall be connected via a nylon coated steel tape to a reel and buzzer. (i) Method of Monitoring Magnetic extensometer shall be monitored by passing the probe dawn to the base of the access tube, The probe shall then be pulled upwards measuring the position of each magnet from the top of the tube: The positon of each magnet shall Be measured ‘twice, once while moving upwards and once while moving downwards towards the ‘magnet, Immediately before or after taking a series of readings, the level ofthe top of the access tube shall be measured by standard levelling techniques INCLINOMETERS @ Scope Tnclinometers provide a method of measuring a continuous profile of horizontal dofiection both atthe surface of and within a mass of sol. The Contractor shall install inclinometers at locations, and with depths and details as specified by the S.0. Refer to GIData Sheet INS 89. @ ipment lation Inclinometer access tube shall consist of broached PVC tubing with four keyways sot at right angles fo each other and shall be supplied in 3.0m, lengths with 0.3m long couplings and end caps (GI items INS 1.3, 14 and 1.6 respectively or similar approved). The spiral twisting of keyivays shall not exceed 0.75 degrees per metre length of the tubing. Where necessary, the $.O. may instruct the Contractor to obtain spiral metric measurements of the keyways in the inclinometer tubing after installation. After that, assembly joints and rivets shall be coated in sealing mastic (GI items INS 2.5 or similar approved) and wrapped in sealing tape (GI item INS 2.7 or similar approved). The tube shall be coated with thick grease over its upper part ‘hen it passes through compressible subsoils. The assembled tube shall be lowered into a 125mm diameter borehole backfilled with a suitable bentonte:cement grout mix. Altematively the tube may not be placed in an open borehole and grout placed afterwards. In granular material, the backfill may be sand or pea gravel. The keyways shall be orientated such that movements are measured parallel to and at right angles 1 the embankment axis ‘Where the access tube passes through upper stiff crusts or fill materia, it shall be sleeved by a larger diameter tube so that it can pass freely through these materials es settlement takes place, Where the, access tube passes through fill which is being Placed, the access tube and outer sleeve shall be extended in lengths which are ‘multiples of 0.5m as filling progresses. The top of the access tube, and the largér diameter sleove where present, shall be protected with a suitable cover (GI item INS 3.4 or similar approved). S216 Gi) ww) Readout Device Angular movements shall be measured by an inclinowte ton biaxial typo (Gf item INS 4.2 or similar approved) wih 9 and the system shall be capable of measuring lateral doformeto 10mm over a depth of 30m. Thy casing of the inclinometor probe s of stainless steel and the probe shall be flly-waterproof and’ co inclinometer probe shall be supplied with a rigid carrying onc shockproof padding (GI item INS 4.3 oF similar approved). Tho tse with the inclinometer probe shall be a polyurethane” ss‘ minimum length of 40%, incorporating a central kevlar stn ‘The eable shall be graduated in intervals of SOOmm and sbul with a portable cable reel (GT items INS 4.5 oF 4.6 oF similar app ‘The inclinometer data logger unit (GI item INS 5.2 or similar pp ‘the readings from the inclinometer torpedo on an phonuinsit ‘unit shall be powered by a re-chargeable battery with miu ‘continuous use between charges. A suitable auion supplied with the readout unit. The’ readout, unit and a solid state data storage uait with the caps directly from the inclinometer probe together \ foliowing facilities are also, required within the reac. (@) —Scanstored data, (b) Display of face errors as readings are being obtained (©) Display of mean deviation and cumulative deviatio: readings, @® Backlit LoD display: A calibration frame shall be supplied fo enable the inctino) checked at vertical and 10 degrees either side of vertical (6 approved). Method of Monitoring Immediately before or after taking a series of readings, (ie |: access tube shall be measured by standard levelling, tectsi« torpedo down the access tube, a dummy, torpedo (

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