O

M A P E H 10
MUSIC • ARTS • PHYSICAL EDUCATION • HEALTH
Quarter 1 – Module 5: Electronic and Chance Music
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: MERADEL A. NIEVES

Editor:
Reviewer: FLORENCE D. VILLAREAL/DEMOSTHENES B. SORIANO
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Edison P. Clet
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent

Dr. Aurelio G. Alfonso

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Dr. Victor M. Javena

OIC – School Governance and Operations Division and OIC- Chief
Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon, Ed. D., EPP/TLE
Liza A. Alvarez, Science
Bernard R. Balitao. Araling Panlipunan
Joselito E. Calios, English
Norlyn D. Conde Ed. D., MAPEH
Wilma Q. Del Rosario, LRMS
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera, Ed. D., Filipino
Perlita M. Ignacio, Ph. D. ESP/SPED
Dulce O. Santos, Ed. D., Kinder/ MTB
Teresita P. Tagulao, Ed. D., Mathematics

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – School Division of

Pasig City
:
 MUSI C 10
MUSIC • ARTS • PHYSICAL EDUCATION • HEALTH

Quarter 1
Module5
Electronic and Chance Music
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Music Grade 10 Module on Electronic and Chance Music!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools
Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with
the Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Vico Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Music 5 Module on Electronic and Chance Music

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module

Pretest - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning

competency.

Posttest - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.
 EXPECTATIONS

At the end of the session, you will be able to:

 Listen perceptively to selected 20th century music;
 Describe distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20 th century styles;
 Explain the performance practice (setting, composition, role of composers/
performers, and audience) of 20th century music;
 Relates 20th Century music to other art forms and media during the same time period
 Create short electronic and chance music pieces using knowledge of 20 th century
styles.

PRETEST
Directions: Match column A with the correct answer on column B,
write only the letter of answer on the blank provided.
__________ 1. Father of Electronic Music a. Music concrete
__________ 2. Gruppen, Kontake and Hymnen b. Cage
__________ 3. Music that uses tape recordes c. Electronic music
__________ 4. 4’33 music d. Varese
__________ 5. Electro acoustic music e. Stockhausen
f. Poulenc

RECAP
Direction: Identify the following.

1. Applied suggested, rather than depicted reality.

2. Revealed the composer’s mind, instead of presenting an impression of environment.
3. A partial return to a classical form of writing music with carefully modulated
dissonances.
4. Focused on nationalist composer and musical innovators who sought to combine modern
technique with folk materials.
5. It made used of variations of self-contained note groups to change musical continuity and
improvisation with an absence of traditional use on harmony, melody and rhythm.
 LESSON
20th Century Musical Styles: Electronic and Chance Music

The musical styles that evolved in the modern era where varied. Some of these were
short-lived, being experimental and too radical in nature, while others found an active blend
between the old and the new.

New inventions and discoveries of science and technology have led to continuing
developments in the field of music. Electronic devices such as the early cassette tape
recorders; players for compact discs (CDs), video compact discs (VCDs), and digital video
discs (DVDs); MP3 and MP4 players; mobile and android phones; and synthesizers have
been increasingly used for creating and recording music that is meant to be added to or
replace acoustical sounds made with traditional instruments.

NEW MUSICAL STYLES

Electronic Music

The capacity of electronic machines such as synthesizers, amplifiers, tape recorders,

and loudspeakers to create different sounds was put to creative use by the 20 th century
composers like Edgard Varese, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Mario Davidovsky.

Music that uses the tape recorder is called musique concrete, or concrete music. The
composer records different sounds that are heard in the environment such as the bustle of
traffic, the sound of the wind, the barking of dogs, strumming of a guitar, or the cry of an
infant. These sounds are arranged by the composer in different ways, for example, by playing
the tape recorder in its fastest mode or in reverse. In musique concrete, the composer is able
to experiment with different sounds that cannot be produced by regular musical instruments
such as piano or the violin.

EDGARD VARESE (1883 - 1965)

Edgard (also spelled Edgar) Varese was born on December 22, 1883. He was considered
an “innovative French-born composer.” However, he spent the greater part of his life and
career in the United States, where he pioneered and created new sounds that bordered
between music and noise.

The musical compositions of Varese are characterized by an emphasis on timbre and

rhythm. He invented the term “organized sound,” which means that certain timbres and
rhythms can be grouped together in order to capture a whole new definition of sound.
 Although his complete surviving works are scarce, he has been
recognized to have influenced several major composers of the late 20 th
century.

Varese’s use of new instruments and electronic resources earned him of

the title, “Father of Electronic Music.” Also described as “The
Stratospheric Colossus of Sound,” his musical compositions total
around 50, with his advances in tape-based sound proving revolutionary
during his time. He died on November 6, 1965.

KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSEN (born 1928)

Karlheinz Stockhausen is a central figure in the realm of

electronic music. Born in Cologne, Germany, he had the
opportunity to meet Oliver Messiaen, Arnold Schoenberg, and
Anton Webern, the principal innovators at the time. Together with
Pierre Boulez, Stockhausen drew inspiration from these composers
as he developed his style of total serialism.

Stockhausen’s music was initially met with resistance due to

its heavily atonal content with practically no clear melodic or rhythmic sense. Still, he
continued to experiment with musique concrete.

Some of his works include Gruppen (1957), a piece for three orchestras that moved
music through time and space; Kontake (1960), a work that pushed the tape machine to its
limits, and the epic Hymnen (1965), an ambitious two-hour work of 40 juxtaposed songs and
anthems from around the world.

The climax of his compositional ambition came in 1977 when he announced the
creation of Licht (Light), is a seven-part opera(one for each day of the week) for a gigantic
ensemble of solo voices, solo instruments, solo dancers, choirs, orchestras, mimes, and
electronics. His recent Helicopter String Quartet, in which a string quartet performs while
airborne in four different helicopters develops his long-standing fascination with music which
moves in space. It has led him to dream of concert halls in which total around 31. He
presently resides in Germany.

Chance Music

Chance music refers to a style in which the piece sounds different at every
performance because of the random techniques of production, including the use of ring
modulators or natural elements that become a part of the music. Most of the sounds emanate
from the surroundings, both natural and man-made, such as honking cars, rustling leaves,
blowing wind, dripping water, or a ringing phone. As such, the combination of external
sounds cannot be duplicated as each happens by chance.
An example is John Cage’s Four Minute and Thirty-Three Seconds (4’33”) where the pianist
merely opens the piano lid and keeps silent for the duration of the piece. Amidst the seeming
silence, the audience hears a variety of noises inside and outside the concert hall.
 JOHN CAGE (1912-1992)

John Cage was known as the 20th century composers with

the widest array of sounds in his works. He was born in Los
Angeles, California, USA on September 5, 1912 and became one
of the most original composers in the history of Western music.
He challenged the very idea of music by manipulating musical
instruments in order to achieve new sounds. He experimented
with what came to be known as “chance music.”

In one instance, Cage created a “prepared” piano, where

screws and pieces of wood or paper were inserted between the
piano strings to produce different percussive possibilities. The
prepared piano style found its way into Cage’s Sonatas and Interludes (1946-1948), a cycle of
pieces containing a wide range of sounds, rhythmic themes, and a wide range of sounds
rhythmic themes, and a hypnotic quality. Is involvement with Zen Buddhism inspired him to
compose Music of Changes (1951), written for conventional piano, that employed chance
compositional processes.

He became famous for his composition Four Minutes and 33 Seconds (4’33”), a
chance musical work that instructed the pianist to merely open the piano lid and remain silent
for the length of time indicated by the title. The work was intended to convey the impossibility
of achieving total silence of the piano performance.

Cage also advocated bringing real-life experiences into the concert hall. This reached
its extreme when he composed a work that required him to fry mushrooms on stage in order to
derive the sounds from the cooking process. As a result of his often irrational ideas like this, he
developed a following in the 1960s. However, he gradually returned to the more organized
methods of composition in the last 20 years of his life. More than any other modern composer,
Cage influenced the development of modern music since the 1950s. He was considered more
of a musical philosopher than a composer. His conception of what music can and should be has
had a profound impact upon his contemporaries. He was active as a writer, presenting his
musical views with both wit and intelligence. Cage was an important force in other artistic
areas especially dance and musical theater. His musical composition total around 229. Cage
died in New York City on August 12, 1992.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1 LISTENING ACTIVITY: Works of 20th Century Composers.

Direction: Identify electronic and chance music through
listening.
1. Bustle of Traffic.
2. Strumming of Guitar
3. A guy coughing
4. The creek of the door
5. Organ
 Activity 2
Direction: Complete the table below.

Composer Best Known For Title of Composition

Edgard Varese
Karlheinz Stockhauen
John Cage

WRAP UP
Direction: Using the following pictures, give the summary of the lesson.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the ambition of

VALUING the great painters was to make paintings that were
like music, which was then considered as
the noblest art
Brian Eno

CRITICAL THINKING

Why is it important to get to know the composers of the 20 th Century Music? What does this
knowledge tell you about the study of music?
 POSTTEST

Direction: Read the questions carefully and choose the correct option.
1. Who was the French composer known as the “Father of electronic Music?”
a. Cage b. Varese c. Stockhausen
2. What are some musical approaches of Cage?
a. Chance music b. electronic music c. neo classical
3. What is meant by musique concrete by Stockhausen?
a. Uses tape recorder b. uses real instrument c. uses CD player
4. What is the example of John Cage’s music?
a. Gruppen b. 4’33” c. Etude
5. What is do you call to timbres and rhythms are grouped together to create whole new
definition of sound?
a. Inventive sound b. Stratospheric sound c. organized sound

KEY TO CORRECTION
Avant-garde Music 5. 5.Electronic music
C 5. C 5.
B 4.
Modern Nationalism 4. 4.Chance music B 4.
A 3. Neo Classicism 3. 3.Chance music B 3.
E 2. Impressionism 2. 2.Electronic music A 2.
D 1. Expressionism 1. 1.Chance music B 1.
PRETEST RECAP ACTIVITY 1 POSTTEST
 http://quotestats.com
https://en.m.wikipedia.org
 Website
Filipinos Grade 10 Learners Material.
Sunico, Raul, et.al. () HORIZON Music and Arts Appreciation for Young
 Book
REFERENCES
WRAP UP
1. The new musical styles created by 20th century classical composers were truly unique and
innovative. Composers experimented with the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony, tempo, and
timbre in daring ways never attempted before. Famous composer of Electronic music is Edgard
Varese, Karlheinz Stockhause focus more on musique concrete while John Cage is Chance
music.
2. Electronic music made use of electronic devices such as synthesizers, tape recorders, amplifiers
and the like to introduce and enhance sounds beyond those available with traditional instruments.
3. Among the resulting new styles were electronic music and chance music. Theses expanded the
concept of music far beyond the conventions of earlier periods, and challenged both the new
composers and the listening public.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

EDISON P. CLET
Illustration

ELINETTE B. DELA CRUZ

Project Development Officer II(LRMS)
Lay-out Artist

MERADEL A. NIEVES
Video/PowerPoint Presenter

Video/ PowerPoint Editor

Video/ PowerPoint Reviewer

MARIVIC D. LISING
MAPEH Department Head

GILBERT O. INOCENCIO
Rizal High School
School Head

NORLYN D. CONDE
MAPEH Education Program Supervisor

Public Schools District Supervisor

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – School Division Office of Pasig City

Caruncho Avenue, San Nicolas, Pasig City

Contact No.: (632) 8641-8885

E-mail Address: divisionofpasig@gmail.com