‘9783-7283-5875-4/21/$33.00 ©2021 IEEE | DO}: 10.1109/LccCIs0826.2021.9402691, 2 E z i i ; : 5 ; : £ a 12021 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (CCCI -2021), Jan. 27-29, 2021, Coimbatore, INDIA Affordable Educational Laptop With Physical Computing Using Single Board Computer Bassar Ahomed M. Patel School of Engineering and Technology Navrachana University ‘Vadodara GujaratIndia patelbassar@gmail.com Absiract— Information and Communications Technology can impact learning of student. As per the latest research we found ‘that when educators are digitally literate and trained to use digital devices for teaching can Iead to higher order thinking skills, it provide creative and personalized options for students (0 express their understanding, and leave students better prepared to manage ongoing technical change in the world and the ‘workplace. For this revolution in education India needs cost effective and innovative educational devices. Technology plays important role in STEM education. We designed low cost educational laptop for schools, students and educators, This educational laptop has good connectivity, ‘ease of use. Feature of physical computing will boost the creativity and programming skills ofthe young scholars. Keywords-Affordable laptop, Low cost laptop, Laptop with physical computing, Educational Laptop, Single board computer, Device for STEM education L Schools use an assorted set of ICT tools to communicate, disseminate, create, store, and manage information. In some circumstances, ICT has also become integral part of teaching- Jeaming process, through methods such as replacing black boards with interactive digital screens, using smart phones oF tablet computers for learning during lecture time, and the “fipped. classroom” model where students watch live or recorded lectures at home on the digital device and use classroom time for more interactive activites. When educators ‘are digitally cultured and trained to use ICT, these methods can lead to higher order thinking skills, provide creative and personalized options for students to express _ their ‘dentifications, and leave students better prepared to deal with ‘ongoing technical changes in the world and the workplace Finding affordable laptop for the students is biggest challenge in today’s real world scenario. [8] In this paper we proposed affordable educational laptop with unigue feature of physical computing. This laptop is designed with single board computer Raspberry Pi. [5]. This device suppor's various programming Janguages like C, C++, Python, Java, Scratch etc. It provides excellent software for office task such as word processing, Spreadsheet making and preparation of presentation. Word ‘bank and UNESCO suggest that there is need of educational laptop for developing countries with price nearly 100S in their reports [8,10], Prototype cost of this laptop is nearly 14000 INR and It can reduce to below 1000 with mass production. It uses Linux based open source operating system and can be use for multiple educational and non-educational applications. 978-1-7281-5875-4/21/S31.00 ©2021 IEEE. Hardik R. Hamirani RobofunLab Pvt, Ltd ‘Ahemedabad GujaratIndia hardik.hamirani7@gmail.com line Figure 1. Protorype desig of Affordable educational lpcop I, NEED OF EDUCATIONAL LAPTOP According to a government survey conducted by the Department of School Education & Literacy and National University of Educational Planning and Administration (NIEPA) the only 26.42% of the Indian schools have computers [1]. The report covered 1.52 million schools across 36 states and union territories of India in year 2014-15. There isa strong need of affordable educational laptop for students in secondary schools to learn about basic programming and physical computing, This device will provide easy way to learn programming and physical computing in education, (One definite benefit of the widespread use of computers is the vast amount of great educational software and websites which can be accessed. Learning can come in the form of creative and educational games, videos and lessons that will holp students to improve their knowledge of anything from vocabulary to. mathematics, typing to logical thinking and everything in between. Government of India established Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) [14] at various places of India to provide state-of-the-art facilities to makers and innovators. ‘This ATLs required physical computing devices and computers in good quantity this device can be affordable and casy solution to fulfil this requirement. ‘Authored licensed ute testo: KK Wagh Ins of Engg Eeveaton and Research, Downloade on August 24,2029 at 06:11:12 UTC om EEE Xplore. Restrictions app12021 International Conference on Computer Communication snd Informatics [CCCI -2021), Jan. 2729, 2021, Coimbatore, INDIA @ ® ig2 Piston f(@)BBC mirobt (9)EREVES (6)Pop In short for students this is an affordable laptop for Teaming, tinkering and doing experiments, anytime anywhere. They can get freedom from the lab timings and in some cases overcome problem of lack of equipment’s for individual students, Teachers and educators can use as personal laptop, for presentations, demos, experiments and develop new experiments, projects and prototypes. Engineers can learn physical computing, electronics, micro-controller programming, computing, various programming languages, sensor interfacing, GUI programming and scientific computation. Hobbyist can get nice device to kill more time with less money. Innovators can use this device for proof of concept and making innovative things. MI MARKET RESEARCH ‘There are very few computers with physical computing facility are available. BBC micro:bit [2], ExpEYES [3] (previously known as Phocnix) and Pi-Top [4] are three similar products available in market, The BBC microrbit is a handy programmable computer with a built-in compass, motion detection, and Bluetooth technology. Micro:bit has 25 LEDs, 2 programmable buttons, built-in compass or “magnetometer” and five input/outputs which can used to connect devices or sensors with Micro:bit, BBC distributed around 1 million devices to 11-I2year old students in UKBBC Micro:bit don’t have any display so need computer or laptop for programming, ExpEYES is low priced platform for computer interfaced Science Experiments, It is developed by Inter-university accelerator center, New Delhi, It has 12 bit Analog InputOutput, Digital InpuOutput,Time interval ‘measurements, Waveform Generation, GUI for 50 experiments and Works as a Test Equipment. Best part of this device is it hhas open source hardware, but it also requires computer or laptop for programming. Ultimately it is low cost science experiment platform, Pi-top is a modular laptop that provides tools to create innovative do-it-yourself (DIY) projects and bring life to inventions. It uses Raspberry Pi [5] single board computer as brain of system. It has 14GHz quad-core arm cortex processor, 4 USB ports, 40 GPIO pins, HDMI port, Gigabit Ethernet port, wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) and Display interface. Cost of this device is approximately 27000 INR which is very high and almost same as standard laptop. From market research we can conclude that we require educational device for the secondary and higher secondary grade students with good computing power, display and most importantly standalone and cost effective system, IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM Proposed system is shown in Fig. 3 as simplified block diagram. Single board computer (SBC) is heart of the system, SBC consist of memory, Processor, Wi-fi and LAN interface and Audio-Video interface, Memory Card or intemal memory is used to load operating system and store data, Linux based operating systems can be selected as OS because of open source and availability of vast frce softwares, Standard HDMI monitor or touch screen can be used as display device, Graphical user interface (GUI) can be displayed on it. Standard USB keyboard and Mouse is used as input device in case of non-touch screen display. Extemal peripheral interface or GPIO is provided by single board computer to interface various sensors and electronics components. All the devices use USB standard as power input, so Sv micro USB supply or standard power bank can be used as power supply. Fig3 Block diagram of proposed sytem ‘Authorizodleonsed us mite to: KK Wagh Inst of Engg Esucation and Research, Downloaded on August 24,2023 at 06:11:12 UTC fom IEEE Xplora, Rosctions app.12021 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics [CCCI -2021), Jan. 2729, 2021, Coimbatore, INDIA Fig 4 The Scratch 3.0 user interface Selection of single board computer is critical parameter for the system, Asus Tinker Board, Banana Pi, Raspberry Pi, BeagleBoard [9] are some of the popular single board ‘computers. We selected Raspberry Pi for richness in features with low cost, Raspberry Pi 3 B+ is an inexpensive ARM based credit card size single board computer. It is brain of our ‘embedded system. All the computation and processing is done inside the Raspberry Pi, It has 40 GPIO Pins to interface various hardware like LEDs, push buttons, motors, relays, touch screen and other external input/output peripherals. Some key features of Raspberry Pi are listed below. + Broadcom 64-bit SoC BCM2837B0, Wi family Cortex-AS3 processor @ 1.4GHz Broadcom Videocore-IV GPU SDRAM of 1GB LPDDR? type IEEE 802.11 bigin/ac wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) Gigabit Ethemet over USB 2.0 Extended 40-pin GPIO header HDMI, 4x USB 2.0 + 3.5mm analogue audio-video jack + Display Serial Interface (DSD port + Camera Serial Interface (CSI) port # Hardware dimensions:82mm x Sémm x 19.Smm # Bluetooth 4.2, Bluetooth Low Energy. + Power-over-Ethemet (PoE) support ARMv8: fe can interface various sensors like ultrasonic: sensor, passive infrared sensor, pressure sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, light sensor, passive infrared sensor ete, with Raspberry Pi with the help of GPIO pins. V._ VISUAL PROGRAMMING In computing, “A visual programing language (VPL) is any programing language that lets users produce programs by ‘manipulating program components graphically instead of by specifying them textually”. “A VPL. allows programming with abstracted arrangements of text and graphic symbols, visual expressions, used either as elements of syntax or secondary notation. for an example, several VPLs (known as dataflow or diagrammatic programming) are based on the concept of boxes and arrows, wherever boxes or different screen objects are treated as entities, connected by arrows, lines or arcs that ropresent relations. "[6] Scratch is a visual programing language and virtually connected community targeted primarily at young students, by coding with ‘blocks’ within the editor. users of the site will produce on-line projects employing a block-like interface, The service is developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Media lab, has been translated into 70+ languages, and is employed in most parts of the planet, [7] Scratch is instructed and utilized in after-school centers, schools, and colleges, as well as different public knowledge institutions, AS of December 2018, community statistics on the language's official web site show quite forty-one million projects shared fu} A wide variety of educators have been supporting Scratch, in formal and informal learning environments: an edueator who desires to share stories regarding Scratch and cross-curricular integration; a research worker who desires feedback on ‘materials developed for exploring Scratch as democratic literacy; a parent World Health Organization desires recommendation on the way to introduce Scratch at an area all- girls high school; a depository program director World Health ‘Authorized Hoensed ute mites o: KK Wagh ie of Engg Education and Research, Downloade on August 24,2029 at 06:11:12 UTC from IEE Xplore. Reston apply12021 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics /CCCI -2021), Jan. 27-29, 2021, Coimbatore, INDIA Organization desires to attach with different museums World Health Organization have introduced Scratch. ‘Scratch is made especially for students ages 8 to 16, but it is used by persons of all ages. Millions of people are creating Scratch projects at various places like schools, muscums, ‘community centers, and libraries ‘The ability to code computer programs is a very important ‘as part of literacy in today’s society. once individuals learn to ‘code in Scratch, they leam necessary methods for solving tues, pling nd designing projects, end commencing VI. PHYSICAL COMPUTING Physical computing is defined as “Building interactive physical systems by the use of software and hardware that can sense and respond to the analog world”. Physical Computing interconnects the various activities related to mechatronics, electrical engineering, embedded development, robotics, and ‘computer science, Microcontroller-based toolkits and physical ‘computing devices are widely used in academic settings for several years for scientific experimentation, environmental sensing, robotics and interactive art [11]. Arduino [12] is very popular electronic prototyping platform. It provides software package and hardware to users to make interactive electronic objects. Single board computers like Raspberry Pi have benefits over such microcontroller based platforms. we connect, display or monitors with SBCs, it's additional storage capability and high process power. SBCs are tiny size ‘computers so it's complete system that require memory card loaded with operating system to use as computer. REFERENCES 2} Scoot education in india, National Univesity of Educational Planing and’ Administration & Department of School Faveation and Literacy “Minity of Human Resource Development Goverment of In [2] Microbit Bdveation! Foundation hupsinicrbic ong! (3) Expeves hupexpeyes.in [1 pitop hups:p-top com {5} Raspberry Pi— Teach, Lear, and Make with Raspbery Pi Iaupswww rasperyp.or) [6] Visual programming iangvage hhups:ien. wikipedia orgwiki Visual programming language (7) "Sorte - Imagine, Program, Share" bupsseatch nit edustatitio {8} Information and communication technology (ICT) in education hnupsleamingportaliep.nesco.org [9] Comparison of single-boad computers biaps:n.wikipedia.orgwikiiComparison_of_single-board_computers| [20] Laptops for education: $10, $35, $100 and points in Berween (out not shovel) huplogs worlabank orgedutel’3Sdollalaptops 21] Blikstcin, Paulo. "Gears of our childhood: constustionst toolkits, robotics, and physical computing, past and fut.” In Proscedings ofthe 12th intemattonal conference on infraction design and clea, pp. HIS'IR2. ACM, 2013. [22] Arduino —Home ups: arduino ce [13] 4 Clerk Maxwell, Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, Sede, vl 2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1992, pp.64-73. 24} Atal Tinkeing Labs - Al Innovation Mission hpi ov nfatalsnkeinglabs php ‘Authorized Hoensed ute mites o: KK Wagh ie of Engg Education and Research, Downloade on August 24,2029 at 06:11:12 UTC from IEE Xplore. Reston apply