Boiler - An Overview (Full Description) - Marinerspoint Pro

24.08.
2023, 21:15 Boiler - An Overview ( Full Description ) - Marinerspoint Pro
Menu
Home Random What is Boiler ?Types, uses,

water treatment, blow down etc.
What is Boiler ?Types, uses,

water treatment, blow
down etc.
What Is Boiler ?
Boiler is a pressure vessel used on ships/industry
in which the water is heated to evaporate and
generate the steam and the unit is so arranged
that the generated steam accumulated in it.
Table of Contents
The two main types are water tube and fire tube.
What Is The Boiler Mounting ?
It is directly fitted to the boiler shell. They are:
1. Safety valve
2. Main steam stop valve
3. Air vent cock
4. Two gauge glass level indicators
5. Feed check valve
6. Scum blow down valve
https://marinerspointpro.com/boiler-types-uses-blow-down-and-water-treatment/ 1/52
24.08.2023, 21:15 Boiler - An Overview ( Full Description ) - Marinerspoint Pro
7. Bottom blow down valve

8. Salinity cock or test cock
9. Man hole doors.
Where Are Air Vent Cock Located

And Its Purpose ?
The air vent cock is fitted at the top of the steam

space of the boiler.
Its purpose are-
1. To release air from the boiler either filling

the boiler water or raising the steam.
2. To allow air to enter in the event of boiler
cooling down or blowing down. ( to
prevent vacuum effect)
What Are The Safety

Arrangements In Marine Boiler ?
1. Safety valve
2. Low / high water level alarm
3. Too low water level alarm and shut down
4. Water level indicators
5. Pressure gauge
6. Low fuel oil pressure alarm
7. Low / high fuel oil temperature alarm
8. Flame failure alarm
9. Smoke density alarm
10. Easy gear arrangement
11. Air vent
12. Force draught fan stop alarm
13. Low / high steam pressure alarm
Why Need To Blow Down The

Gauge Glass ?
Gauge glass blow down is made to know the

boiler and gauge glass connection is clear or not
and to give the exact water level in the boiler.
Boiler Gauge Glass Blow Through

Procedure ?
1. Shut steam and water cocks than open the

drain cock.
2. After draining water from the sight glass,
there is nothing come out, both steam and
water cocks are good in order.
3. Open the steam cock side, blow out the
steam.
4. Close the steam cock side, the steam
connection is clear.
5. Open the water cock side, blow out the
water.
6. Close the water cock side, the water
connection is clear.
7. Close the drain cock.
8. Open the water cock, water should then
gradually come rise up to the top of the
gauge glass.
9. Open the steam cock, the water in the glass
should fall to the level of the water in the
boiler.
Why Need To Blow Down The

Boiler Water ?
Boiler blow down is made to reduce the

density of salt and to remove the dissolved
and suspended solids, also the floating
solid impurities in the boiler system.
If there are not removed from the boiler
water system, foaming, priming, corrosion
will occur in the boiler steam space and
feed water system.
Why Scum Blow Down Or Surface

Blow Down Is Carried Out ?
To remove accumulated, suspended and

floating solids, impurities and also remove
dissolved solid concentration, they hinder
the formation of steam.
Why Bottom Blow Down Is Carried

Out ?
To remove suspended solids and

residual sludge that have settled at the
bottom.
If these contaminants are not removed
regularly they will build up until they hinder
the circulation patterns.
What Is The Purpose Of Boiler

Water Test ?
To ensure that proper chemical
treatment are maintained at all time.
To detect the present of contaminants in
the water that may be injurious to boiler
and system.
Enumerate The Boiler Water Test ?
1. Alkalinity test [Phenolphthalein ( p)

alkalinity test, Total ( T ) alkalinity test (2 x
P)]
2. Chloride test
3. Condensate PH test
4. Amerzine test ( Hydrazine test )
5. Excess phosphate test
6. Conductivity test (Total dissolve solids test)
7. Hardness test
Alkalinity test
This is to ensure that the boiler water

prevent corrosion by neutralization of
acidic gases.
(a) Phenolphthalein or ‘p’ alkalinity
This test is carried out to prevent acidic

corrosion
To test for presence of all of the
hydroxide, one half of the carbonate and
one third of phosphate present in a water

sample.
(b) Total ( T ) alkalinity test
To determine the amount all of

hydroxide, all of the carbonate, and two
thirds of the phosphates
Note: Hydroxides and carbonates can co-exist

together in a solution but hydroxides and bi-
carbonates cannot.
Chloride test
To know the amount of salt in boiler

water.
To minimize chloride level and to adjust
the blow down.
Condensate PH test
To control condensate PH value within a

limit.
To minimize corrosion in steam and
condensate system.
Amerzine test ( Hydrazine test )
To test for dissolved Oxygen content

To know reserve hydrazine (N2H4 ) ppm
and to prevent corrosion and aeration.
To minimize oxygen pitting and
corrosion in boiler, steam and condensate
system.
Phosphate test
To control the scale formation due to

hardness (presence of Phosphate in sample
means no hardness salts)
A reserve of phosphate should be
maintained in the boiler water ready to
neutralize any hardness salts which may
enter.
Conductivity test
Measure of the total amount of

dissolved solids (T.D.S) including the
treatment chemicals. (Excessive density
leads to priming and or deposits)
To remove dissolved and suspended
solid by blowing down.
Hardness test
To check for salt causing “hardness”
Note: Hardness test of boiler water are not

necessary when the phosphate is above the lower
limit of the control range.
What Are The Advantages Of

Boiler Water Treatment ?
1. To prevent the scale formation in the boiler
and feed system
2. To prevent corrosion in boiler and feed
system.
3. To control the sludge formation and
prevention of carry over with the steam.
4. To maintain the boiler water in alkaline
condition and free from dissolved gases.
5. To prevent of entry into the boiler of
foreign matter such as oil, waste,mill scale,
FeO, Cu, Sand, etc.
Exhaust Gas Boiler On Ships

Exhaust gas boiler (EGB or EGE) or economiser
described in this article is a smoke tube boiler
with steam space, used for heat recovery from
main engine exhaust gas. An illustration of the
boiler is shown in figure below.
EGB is designed as a vertical boiler with a

cylindrical shell surrounding the boiler tubes and
water drum as well as the steam space. The tubes
consist of a large number of smoke tubes and a
small number of stay tubes. The stay tubes with

an increased diameter act as support for the
boiler. Both types are welded onto the lower and
upper tube plates. The steam space is formed by
the shell plate and internal cone. At the top it is
closed by means of the end plate.
What Is Foaming In Auxiliary

Boilers And How To Prevent It
?
It is the formation of thick layer of steam bubbles
on the top of the water surface inside the boiler
due to:
High concentration of impurities.

By the animal or vegetable fats in feed
water carry over from the oil heaters.
Increase in level of dissolved &
suspended solid TDS level.
Increase in water level.
To prevent foaming, surface or scum blow down

should done frequently to expel any floating
impurities for the boiler and no lube oil should be
allowed to enter the boiler.
What Is Boiler Priming And

How To Prevent It ?
It is condition in which large amount of water are
carried along with the steam into the steam line.
It is caused by:
1. Excessive foaming
2. Improper amount of steam space
3. By a sudden rush of steam such as is
produced when steam stop valve is
suddenly opened.
To prevent priming, never keep the water level

too high. Open steam stop valve slowly.
What Action Do You Made Take In

Case Of Foaming And Priming ?
1. Scum blow down

2. Reduce boiler fire rate
3. Check whether boiler chemical added are in
excess
4. Detect the source of contamination
5. In case of bad priming the boiler may have
to be taken out of service, shut down.
Note: For contamination due to oil, auxiliary

boiler have to be chemically cleaned.
What Is The Boiler Cool Down

Procedure ?
1. Change the fuel oil burning system from
HO to DO and then shut down the burning
system.
2. Stop feed p/p close feed check valve.
3. Drain down the boiler after allowing it to
cool down.
4. If no sufficient time to do this, lower the
boiler pressure to 3 to 4 bar.
5. Shut the main steam stop valve.
6. Open the ship side valve then open the
blow down valve.
7. Banging noise will appear when boiler is
empty.
8. Close the boiler blow down valve and ship
side valve.
9. Then release the steam pressure through
safety v/v by means of easing gear.
10. When pressure is off, open the air vent and
the boiler to cool down.
Boiler Opening Up And

Inspection Procedure
Follow as procedure above, after making sure no

vacuum in it, first:
1. To remove top man hole door, slacken the

dog holding nuts but do not remove them
until first broken the joint
2. Remove nuts and dogs and take out the
door.
3. The bottom door can be removed after
warning personnel to keep clear of the top
door.
4. Make ventilation before entering. Do not
allow naked light near the boiler.
5. Preliminary internal inspection carried out
before cleaning, to check scale deposits
and any special points.
6. Plug orifice to blow down valve to prevent
choke, place guards over the manholes
landings to prevent damage.
7. Carried out cleaning and internal works.
8. When all works completed, a full internal
examination must be carried out
9. Cleanliness, all openings are clear, water
level gauge connection clears from
deposits
10. All internal pipes and fittings have been
replaced correctly and securely attached,
11. Remove plug from the blow down valve
orifice
12. The face of manhole doors and landings
inspect to clean and undamaged.
13. Replace manhole doors by using new joints.
14. Operate all boiler mountings. Open air vent
cock and fill the boiler with water to
sufficient level.
Describe The Boiler Start Up

Procedure From Cool
Condition ?
The boiler is carried out firing from cold condition
to normal working pressure condition very slowly
to avoid thermal stress.
1. Check the boiler blow down valve in close

position.
2. Shut the main steam stop v/v.
3. Open the air vent cocks.
4. Open the feed check valve and pumping up
to ¼ of gauge glass level.
5. Start the force draft fan with dampers, open
correctly to purge the furnace and
combustion space of any foul gas.
6. Light the burner after closing the
recirculating valve.
7. Normally allow the fire to burn for 5-
minutes and stop for 15 mins. This step
continues until steam come out.
8. When steam coming out from the air vent
close the air vent (at 1 to 2 bar pressure).
9. Rise up the working pressure step by step
slowly. (Allow the fire to burn for 30 mins
and stop the fire for 10 min.)
10. When the steam pressure reached is
working pressure drain the steam line. (to
avoid water hammer)
11. Main steam stop valve open slowly (crack
opening)
How To Take Action If Gauge Glass

Showing Low Water Level ?
If water level has not yet dropped

completely out the sight glass, water may
be put into the boiler.
If water drops completely out of sight
glass, check another sight glass, if both
disappear water; do not add water until the
boiler is cool enough to prevent any
possible damage due to rapid cooling of
over heated plate.
1. The fire must be immediately stopped.

2. The main steam stop valve must be closed.
3. Blow down and cool down the boiler.
4. Check leakage, drum outside, Located the

cause of trouble and make necessary repair.
5. Enter the boiler after it has cooled and
examined any possible damage.
6. After repair, water fill up slowly and restore
to normal operation.
7. If no damage occurred, inject the water
slowly into the boiler and restore it to
operation.
What Are The Causes If Gauge

Glass Shows Low Water Level ?
1. One gauge glass defective

2. Boiler tube crack and leaking
3. Feed water regulator jammed
4. Failure of feed water pump (Air in feed
water line or pump)
5. Level controller malfunction
6. Steam consumption is too much
What Is Caustic
Embrittlement? How To
Prevent It ?
It is inter crystalline fracture. It is cause

by high concentration of caustic soda and
the material under stress. The stress
corrosion cracks follow the grain or crystal
boundaries of the material and failure.
Sodium sulphate or sodium nitrate is
used for the prevention of caustic
embrittlement.
It can be found in highly stress area in
boiler. Such as tube and tube plate
connection, riveted head, seam and boiler
mountings.
Starting And Stopping Boiler
When the boiler is started, the lighten-up rate of

the boiler must not be accelerated too much as
this might cause an unnecessary over strain of
the boiler material by quick and uneven
temperature rises. It might be necessary to
perform a number of start/stop sequences to
reduce the lighten-up rate.
At the commissioning start-up of the boiler and

after any repair work of the refractory, it is very
important to further reduce the lighting-up rate.
This is because the new refractory still contains a
small amount of water. When heated the water
vaporises and expands which might cause fissures
and cracks in the refractory. The burner must
therefore only be operated at minimum load and
in intervals of 1-2 minutes for the first hours.
Between each operation interval the burner
should remain stopped for approximately 8-10
minutes. The article explains starting and
stopping boiler during normal and emergency
working conditions.
Precautions On Starting Boiler
Before start-up , following general work and

check procedures must be considered.
1. Check that the main steam valve, by-pass

valve and circulation valves if provided,
scum valve, and blow-down valves are
closed.
2. Open the feed water valves and the air
valve. Fill the boiler with feed water to
approximately 50 mm below normal water
level. The water level rises due to expansion

when the boiler is heated. If the
temperature difference between the boiler
and feed water exceeds approximately
50ºC, the boiler must be filled very slowly.
3. When filling a pressure less boiler, the shut-
off valve after the feed water pump must
be throttled. Otherwise the pump motor
will be overloaded.
4. Check the water level in the water level
gauges. Check frequently during the
complete start-up. The water level gauges
should be blown down several times to
ensure a correct indication.
5. Check that the water level control system is
connected and operational.
6. Check the oil system and start the fuel oil
supply pump. Pre-heat the fuel oil if the
burner should operate on heavy fuel oil.
7. Check the burner and the safety functions
according to the manufacturer instruction.
Starting Boiler And Pressure Rise
The following work procedures must be followed

during start-up of the boiler.
1. Check that the gauge board valve and

pressure gauge valves are opened.
2. Check that the air valve is open if the boiler
pressure is below 1.0 bar.
3. Start the burner on manual control and on
low load. Check that the water level does
not rise too high during the pressure rising
period.
4. Drain via the blow down valves if the water
level is too high.
5. If the air valve was opened close it when
only steam blows out. A pressure reading
should be indicated on the boiler pressure
gauge before the air valve is closed.
6. Tighten all covers such as manholes, hand
holes, inspection doors, etc. during the
pressure rising period. If required, check all

flange joints on the plant.
7. Change to automatic control of the burner
when the boiler pressure is 0.5 bar lower
than the working pressure of the boiler.
8. Open the by-pass valve slowly to heat-up
and pressurise the steam system. If the
boiler is not provided with a by-pass valve,
the main steam valve should be used to
heat-up and pressurise the steam system.
9. Open the main steam valve and close the
by-pass valve.
10. Open the valves to the steam consumers
carefully in order to avoid water chocks.
11. When the boiler is in normal operation,
check that the water level control system
and the gauge board functions are fully
operational.
After 3-4 weeks in operation, mud and deposits

in the piping system may have accumulated in
the boiler water. This may cause level variations
which disturb the steam generation, and it is
therefore recommended to blow down the boiler.
It should then be inspected, cleaned, and refilled
with boiler water.
variations which disturb the steam generation,

and it is therefore recommended to blow down
the boiler. It should then be inspected, cleaned,
and refilled with boiler water.
Stopping Boiler
Normal shut down
If necessary, the boiler can be shut down at any

load without special preparations.
When the boiler is stopped, sudden temperature

and pressure drops should be avoided as they
might expose mountings, pipe lines, and the
boiler plant to inadmissible temperature
gradients.
1. When minimum load is obtained, stop the

burner.
2. Keep the water level at normal level until
the boiler stops producing steam.
3. Stop the feed water pump and close the
feed water valves.
4. Close the main steam valve.
Emergency Shut Down

The boiler must be taken out of service
immediately if parts of the heating surface have
been glowing or the boiler shows recognisable
deformations.
The supervising authorities must be informed,

and the boiler must not be used until approval
from these authorities is available a substantial
loss of water is noted the feed water system is
unable to provide the necessary amount of feed
water, e.g. due to failure of parts the safety valve
cannot function sudden cracks or damage are
noted in the refractory, and if steam or moisture
is coming out of the refractory oil in the feed
water is detected too high salinity level is
detected.
If an emergency shut down must be carried out,

the fuel supply should be stopped. The main
steam valve should be closed gradually, and the
boiler must be cooled. The safety valves must not
be operated. Parallel working boilers should be
disconnected at once.
Stop for repair or inspection
The following describes the measures to be taken

when the boiler is shut down for repair or
inspection.
1. Clean the boiler from soot with water.

2. Operate the burner for at least 15 minutes
after the soot removal to dry out the
remaining water.
3. Stop the boiler as mentioned previously.
4. Check the furnace and the pin tubes with

regard to cleanliness.
5. Empty the boiler from water and clean it.
Check if lime stone appears.
6. Check and clean the outer fittings. Change
gaskets where required.
7. Clean the feed water tank and feed water
pipes.
8. Clean and grease the bearings of motor,
pump, and fan.
9. Check and align the burner, if necessary.
10. If the boiler is shut down for a long period
of time, the pin tubes must be thoroughly
cleaned.
11. Check that the necessary spare parts are
available. Order complementary parts in
time.
It is of extreme importance that the boiler is NOT

operated without water when the oil burner is in
operation, e.g. due to disconnection of the water
level safety devices. This will immediately cause
complete break down of the boiler.
Properties Of Boiler Water –

Marine Engineering
There is a number of ways to produce good
quality feed water for boiler plants. Methods such
as e.g. reverse osmosis plants or ion exchange
plants produce good quality distillate. Also
evaporators generally produce good distillate.
The important thing is that the distillate used
should be clean and without foreign salt
contamination.
In practice most distillates used contain minor

parts of various salt combinations which can and
must be chemically treated away. Furthermore,
the distillate may contain dissolved gases like for
example oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
which may lead to corrosion in the boiler, steam,
and condensate system.
Boiler and feed water must be chemically treated

in order to avoid corrosion and scaling in the
boiler.
The following text regarding feed and boiler

water treatment is the normal recommendations
for boilers with working pressure below 20 bars.
These recommendations should be followed
strictly in order to have the best working
conditions for the boiler plant and to extend the
working life of the plant.
Feed And Boiler Water

Maintenance
The following are recommended water

maintenance instructions. More exact details
concerning analyses and blow downs should be
set up together with the supplier of chemicals for
water treatment.
Daily
Analyses of feed and boiler water.
Weekly
Skimming (surface blow down)

according to analyses, but at least once per
week (2 minutes with fully open valve).
Blow down (bottom blow down)
according to analyses, but at least once per
week (each blow down valve 1 minute in
low load condition).
Monthly
Check the functions for salinity and oil

detection systems.
Every six months
The boiler water side (interior) must be

carefully inspected at least twice a year.
Yearly
Check of the water side of the boiler and

hotwell/deaerator for corrosion and scaling.
Check the chemical pump unit.
Auxiliary Boiler Mountings

The following is a brief description of the most
important items of the boiler mountings. The
components mentioned in this section are
referring to the general arrangement drawing of
the boiler.
Safety valves
Two safety valves are fitted to the pressure vessel

of the boiler. They are installed for security
reasons, and designed to prevent the boiler
pressure from rising above the design value.
The safety valves must be supplied with waste

steam pipes and either expansion devices, or
bellows.
Main steam valve
The main steam valve is a shut off valve. When

closed, it isolates the boiler from the main steam
line. A check valve is mounted after the main
steam valve which prevents steam from flowing
backwards into the boiler.
The steam piping up to the main steam valve

must be flexible in order to minimise external
loads on the main steam valve and associated
branch. The flexibility can be achieved with loops
build into the main steam line to take up heat
expansion from the boiler and steam piping or
with an expansion joint next to or close to the
main steam valve.
close to the main steam valve.
By-pass valve
The by-pass valve is a shut off valve. The purpose

of the valve is to equalise the pressure between
the boiler and the steam system when the main

steam valve is closed. Please note that the by-
pass valve is only supplied for larger boilers.
Feed water valve / feed valve (SDNR)
Two groups of feed water valves are provided in

the boiler. Each group comprises a shut-off valve
and a non-return valve. The shut-off valve in the
ordinary group must be open when the boiler is
in operation, or if the boiler is used as a steam
drum. The shut-off valves should be closed when
the boiler is not in use.
Water level gauges
Two local water level gauges are connected to

the front of the boiler, each gauge being
provided with two shut-off valves and a drain
valve. The shut-off valves, fitted at the top and
bottom of the sight glass, have a quick-closing
mechanism to be used in case of broken glass.
The pipes from the drain cocks on the water level
gauge must lead to an open drain, visible for
inspection.
Blow-down valve
Two blow-down valves are mounted at the

bottom of the boiler body. If connected to a
separate drainage system the valves are of the
ball type. When connected to a common
drainage system two valves are provided in each
group, one shut-off valve and one shut-off/non-
return valve. The shut-off function is for security
and the non-return function prevents
steam/water from flowing into an empty boiler by
mistake.
Air valve
The air/ventilation valve located on top of the

boiler is a shut-off valve. It is normally closed
except when the boiler is being filled or
completely drained. The end of the drain pipe
from the air valve must be visible in order to
determine when water or steam is coming out.
Scum valve
The scum valve is mounted at the top of the

boiler body. In the event of scum in the boiler,
this scum can be blown off from the water
surface by opening this valve. If connected to a
separate drainage system the valve is of the ball
type. When connected to a common drainage
system two valves are provided, one shut-off
valve and one shut-off/non-return valve.
Sample valve
A sample valve is installed enabling connection to

a sample cooler for taking test samples to
perform boiler water analyses.
Inspection hole
Two small inspection holes are provided in the

furnace wall to enable inspection of the burner
flame. A proportion of the air supply is bled off
from the burner fan to cool the window of the
inspection hole, and prevent soot deposits.
Manhole
Two manholes placed at the boiler top and boiler

bottom allow inside inspection of the
steam/water drum.
Access doors
Access to the furnace and smoke outlet box are

possible through the access doors placed at the
bottom of the furnace and at the smoke outlet
box respectively. Both access doors enable
inspection of the generating tube bank.
Drain for furnace
The furnace bottom is provided with a socket for

drain of the washing water.
Auxiliary Boiler On Ships
The vertical two drum water tube boiler used

normally on ships is top-fired and equipped with
a steam atomising burner. As the burner, the local
control panel and all relevant boiler mountings
are mounted on top of the boiler, this can easily
be operated and monitored from the burner
platform.
The principal drawing of a typical auxiliary boiler

is shown in figure below. The steam drum is
cylindrical with two flat plates of equal thickness.
Because of the internal pressure, the flat plates
are mutually connected by vertical solid stays.
The steam drum is furnished with the necessary
internal fittings to ensure an even distribution of
the feed water, of the circulation water from the
exhaust boiler and to ensure a sufficient dryness
of steam.
The burner cone in the furnace opening are an

integrated part and accordingly no refractory are
provided in the top of the furnace room.
Manholes are conveniently placed in both drums
and inside the drums enough space is available
for inspection and maintenance. The water drum
is designed similar to the steam drum. The drum
size gives optimal space for the heating coil and
easy access for inspection.
As standard the auxiliary boiler is prepared for

tack welding along the foundation of the boiler
shell. Some boilers may, however, be provided
with four support feet instead, one as fixed foot
and the others with the possibility of thermal
expansion.
Both the furnace and the generating tube bank

are located asymmetrically and are separated by
the screen wall. Besides the screen wall the
furnace consists of gas tight polygon shaped
membrane walls. The generating tube bank
consists of vertical pin-tubes arranged in a
staggered configuration. To avoid any risk of
vibration problems supports are arranged.
The flue gas passes through the deflected tubes

at the bottom of the screen wall, up through the
generating tube bank and out through the smoke

outlet box. An effective circulation in the boiler is
achieved bye means of down comers. The bottom
tube plate is first covered with coat of insulation
refractory and above with castable refractory.
Access to the furnace is possible through the
access door at the bottom of the furnace.
Inspection of the generating tubes is also
possible through the inspection door at the
bottom of the furnace.
Inspection of the burner flame is possible

through the two inspection holes arranged in two
heights on the furnace panel wall.
What Are The Types Of Boiler

By Pressure ?
1. Low pressure boiler – up to 10Kg / Cm2
2. Medium pressure boiler – 10-25 Kg /Cm2
3. High pressure boiler – Over 25 Kg / Cm2
What Is Water Hammering

And How Will You Prevent It ?
It is the impact of moving water in

steam line when the steam is allowed to
enter a line with condensed water.
The steam will condenses and partial
vacuum occurred and move back the water
the along the pipe with very high velocity,
and the water will strike at the vent or
valves.
To prevent the water hummer –
1. Install steam trap in the line

2. Open the drain first before allowing the
steam into the line.
3. Crack open of steam valve at first.
How To Make Boiler Water

Test On Your Ship ?
The boiler test is carried out as follows.
1. Firstly take the boiler water sample from

the salinometer cock or test cock and cool
down.
2. The test is carried out by the using maker’s
supply test kit, chemicals, instruments and
instructions.
How Do You Take Boiler Water

Sample ?
Slowly open the salinometer cock until

clean hot water coming out.
Then collect the boiler sample with
copper jar.
How To Know Scum Blow Down

Valve Open Or Not ?
It can be check by opening of ship side

blow down valve. Banging noise will
appear, scum blow down valve is in open
position.
It can also detect, over heating of scum
blow down pipe.
Where Is Manhole Doors Fitted ?
They are fitted at one at steam side and

other one for water side.
Effect Of Foaming And Priming ?
1. Can cause water hummer

2. Can cause contamination and scaling.
3. Can cause fluctuation of working water
level.
What Is Boiler Blow Back ?
It occurs when lighting up with

explosive gas and oil droplet (Oil residue)
inside the furnace without pre-purging

sufficiently.
The ignition results in a large flue gas
inside the furnace and these gases blow
out with increase high pressure through the
furnace opening.
Procedure For Hydraulic Pressure

Test On Marine Boilers ?
Hydraulic pressure test is 1.25 times working

pressure, ( 10 minutes maintain )
1. Close all openings.

2. Open air vent cock.
3. Fill up boiler water fully
4. Close the air vent cock
5. Place hydraulic jack to feed water line.
6. Fit standard pressure gauge.
7. Applied hydraulic pressure 1.25 times of
working pressure and maintain 10minutes.
What Is Liquid Coagulant In

Marine Boilers ?
It has more molecular weight, colorless

solution, containing sodium aluminates,
starch, terming, and resin.
Once being dose into the boiler water
floating solid particles and suspended solid
are settled to the bottom of the boiler and
easily remove by blowing down.
How To Renew The Boiler Gauge

Glass ?
1. Shut steam and water cocks and open drain

cock.
2. Check any leakage from the respective
cock.
3. Slacken the gland nuts.
4. Open the cap and remove gauge glass.
5. Fit new gauge glass, correct size and length

into its space.
6. Give the expansion allowance 1/8 in vertical
clearance.
7. Use new packing.
8. Close the cap.
9. After fitting, warm the glass by steam.
10. Tighten the gland nut.
11. Then steam and water pressure should be
tested whether they are fair and clear.
12. Close the drain and open the water and
steam side cocks.
13. Check the leakage; all are satisfactory put
back into operation.
Routine Boiler Maintenance

Carried Out On Ships ?
1. Clean the rotating cup.

2. Check and adjust the belt tension between
motor and rotating shaft.
3. Clear the pilot burner nozzle and fitter.
4. Clean carbon deposit on electrodes ( igniter
) and adjust the gap.
5. Check the fuel valve and air register
linkages and joints.
6. Check and clean the flame eye cover glass.
7. Check and clean inspection peep hole glass
cover.
8. Clean fuel oil fitter.
9. Check the fuel oil pressure.
When Boiler Safety Valve Setting

Made ?
Every boiler survey.

After safety valve overhaul.
Why Ship Side Blow Down Valve Is

Open First And Close Last ?
To prevent pressure build up in blow

down line.
In pipe burst, it may be injurious to
watch keeper.
What If No Test And Treatments Is

Done To Boiler ?
Reduction in boiler efficiency due to

poor heat transfer
Reduction in tensile strength
Reduction in factor of safety
Overheating of metal resulting
distortion and eventual failure
Increase in fuel consumption
Excess concentration of NaOH (caustic
soda) may cause caustic embrittlement on
boiler metal and tend to failure of boiler
metal
Corrosion
Scale formation
Foaming, Priming, carry over (due to
increase T.D.S level, foaming is present and
tend to carried over and priming)
How To Control Steam Pressure In

Exhaust Gas Boilers ?
1. By regulating the amount of gas flowing

over the extended surface, i.e. by damper
regulation.
2. By dividing the unit into sections so that
each section is controlled by an inlet valve.
3. By passing steam through an automatic
pressure controlled surplus valve to a dump
condenser.
4. By a system designed for a higher pressure
than that it is to operate.
1. to operate.
What Is Meant By Soot Blow ?

Purpose is to remove soot, to prevent

EGE fire or soot fire.
To get steam generating efficiency good
To increase heat transfer efficiency
Time – Day time at sea 2 -3 times/day
What Is The Procedure To Soot

Blow ?
1. Inform to bridge
2. Check wind direction, good if transverse
direction
3. Raise boiler pressure
4. Open drain cock until soot blow pipe drain
clear
5. Open soot blower valve
6. Increase the air to boiler to more than 50 %
7. Open steam valve & carried out by turning
wheel 20 -30 sec
8. Then close steam valve, soot blower valve
9. Open drain valve
Boiler Safety Valve Examination

And Attention During Overhauling
?
Checked its valve and valve seat for

wear, cavity corrosion and any fault.
They should be grounded properly but
maker’s limit must be maintained such as
width of seating, clearance between valve
lip and seat.
Valve chest must be cleaned condition
and drain line clear.
The spring should be hammer tested for
any fracture and check for corrosion. Free
length is limited to 0.5 % of original free
length.
The spindle should be hammer tested
for any crack and its straightness.
The guide plates and bushes are

checked for uneven wear and have
sufficient clearance to allow free movement
of spindle.
The compression nut and cover bush’s
threads are carefully checked it for any sign
of wear and tear.
The easing gear should be checked in
good order including bearings, cable
pulley, and connecting links.
Connecting pin should be a free fit in
the lid and pin should not bent or pinhole
gone out of shape.
All safety valves are to be set to operate
under steam a little above working pressure
not greater than 3% above the approve
working pressure of the boiler.
Why Safety Valve Is Fitted In Two

Numbers ?
To make sure that the positive

discharging of higher steam pressure from
boiler efficiency.
Why Fitted In One Valve Chest ?
To reduce stress by hole on pressure

vessel (boiler)
To minimize the numbers of cutting hole
on boiler to save it’s strength.
Accumulation Pressure Test,

Corrosion Of Boilers On Ships
What Is Meant By Erosion In

Boilers ?
It is a mechanical attack on the metal

surface which may be due to a disturbance
in the flow of the fluid over the metal
surfaces, resulting in a loss of metal.
Suspended abrasive matters in the fluid can

increase the rate of metal losses.
What Is Meant By Corrosion

In Boilers ?
It is the deterioration of metals due to
oxidation. The present of water in an acidic
condition provides the electrolyte required
for corrosion action.
Two forms of corrosion
Direct chemical attack
It occurs when metal at high

temperature comes into contact with air or
other gases, resulting in oxidation or
sulphidation of the metal.
Electro-chemical action
Galvanic action, this being set up when

two dissimilar metals are placed in an
electrolyte. The noble of the two metals
form a cathode to the base metal which,
forming the anode, is wasted away.
What Is Meant By Caustic

Embrittlement In Boiler ?
Caustic embattlement is a form of inter
crystalline cracking, which results from a
solution of sodium hydroxide or caustic
soda, becoming more and more
concentrated at the bottom of a crack or
fissure (narrow opening) which may be the
result of fatigue, in the boiler plate or
furnace.
The plate must be stressed, so that
wastage take place at the bottom of crack,
the plate weakens, the crack extends to
expose new metal to the caustic action and
thus it proceed.
Caustic embattlement will only occur

when there is a high caustic alkalinity that is
when the ratio of NaOH to the alkalinity is
high. To keep this ratio at the safe level the
sodium sulfate to sodium hydroxide should
be maintained above 2:5.
The sodium sulfate comes out of
solution in high sodium hydroxide
concentration and by doing forms a
protective layer on the surface of the plate.
Also keep the lowest T.D.S level. (Total
dissolved suspended & solid)
What Is PH Value For Water ?
It is the logarithm of reciprocal of

hydrogen iron concentration.
What Do You Do For Preventing Of

Oxygen In Boiler ?
The oxygen-scavenging chemical which

is used for deaeration the water are usually
sodium sulphate or hydrazine.
2Na2SO3 + O2 = 2Na2SO4
N2H4 + O2 = 2H2O +N2
Excessive dosage of hydrazine could
lead to steam and condensate line
corrosion due to ammonia being produced
as the excess hydrazine decomposed.
In high pressure boiler, by using the
sodium sulphite, the sulphite can break
down to give hydrogen sulphide which can
attack steel brass and copper.
If Chloride Is Found Too Much In

Your Boiler Water What Will You
Do ?
Blow down frequently

Reduce the boiler load to minimum.
If highly contaminant shut down
completely and wash out.
Trace and find out the fault and

remedies.
What Do You Understand By

Composite Boiler ?
If exhaust gas and oil fired can be used

the same time, it is termed the composite
boiler.
In this type a separate tube nest of tube
for exhaust gas is provided, situated above
the return tubes from the fire furnace.
Uptake from the tube nest are
separated.

Alternative Boiler ?
If the exhaust gas and the oil fire are

arranged to be used only at a time, the
exhaust gas boiler term as the alternative
boiler.
This unit can be oil fire heated by the
exhaust gases alternatively.
It required only one uptake.

Economizer Boiler ?
In this system a separate exhaust gas

economizer is connected to an oil fired
auxiliary boiler or an accumulator by means
of piping and a set of circulation pump.
Exhaust gas is used as heating medium
and it has no steam space.
alternatively.
It required only one uptake.
What Is Meant Of Accumulation

Pressure In Marine Boilers?
Accumulation pressure is the rise in

boiler pressure which take place when the
spring loaded safety valve lift due to the
increase loading caused by further
compression of the spring.
What Is The Purpose Of

Accumulation Pressure Test ?
To detect the safety valve is suitable for

this boiler or not.
To limit the rise in boiler pressure under
full fire condition.
What Is The Procedure Of

Accumulation Pressure Test ?
This test is carried out a new boiler or new safety

valve.
1. Shut off feed water

2. Closed main steam stop valve.
3. Increase cut off pressure of boiler.
4. Bypass high pressure cut off of the boiler.
5. Arrange the boiler fire rate to a maximum.
6. Safety valve will be lift during the test.
7. The test is carried out as long as the water
permits in the boiler.
8. Accumulation pressure should not exceed
10% of working pressure in the specified
time.
9. Specified time is 15 mins for a smoke tube
boiler and 7 mins for water tube boiler.
Procedure Of Safety Valve Setting

Under Steam Pressure ?
Setting of safety valves:
1. Take standard pressure gauge (approved by

surveyor) for accuracy.
2. Fill up water up to ¼ of gauge glass level,
and shut main steam stop valve, feed check
valve.
3. Without compression rings, hoods and
easing gears, reassembled the safety valves
with spring compression less than previous
setting.
4. Raise the boiler pressure to desired blow
off pressure.
5. Screw-down spring compression nuts of
any lifting valves, until all are quite.
6. Arrange to have the desired steam pressure
7. Adjust each valve in turn: Slacken
compression nut until the valve lifts. Screw-
down compression nut sufficiently enough,
so that when the valve spindle is lightly
tapped, valve return to its seat and remain
seated. Measure gap between compression
nut and spring casing. Make a compression
ring equal to this gap, and insert under
compression nut. Gag the spindle of this
safety valve, to prevent opening, while
remaining valve is being set.
8. Remaining valve is again set and insert
compression ring.
9. Remove gag and retest both valve to lift
and close together.
10. Cap, cotter and easing gear to be refitted
11. Caps and cotter pins padlocked to prevent
accidentally altering the setting.
12. When the surveyor satisfied the setting
pressure, easing gear should be tested.
13. All safety valves set to lift at not greater
than 3% above approved working pressure
(design pressure).
How Do You Take Action If One Of

The Passages Of Gauge Glass Is
Chocked ?
Steam and water cocks and passages in

the gauge can be cleared while the boiler is
still steaming.
To do this, shut the steam and water
cocks and open the drain cock.
Remove the check plug opposite the

obstruction.
Insert the cleaning plug. Screw in the
plug with small hole about 5 mm diameter,
drilled through it in place of the cleaning
plug.
Insert into this hole a rod of such a size
that held by a gloved hand, it can be easily
moved without being stuck.
Then open the chocked and push the
rod through to clear the blockage.
When clear, open drain to prevent a
build up of pressure and only a small
amount of steam will blow past the rod, the
glove protecting the operator from injury.
operator from injury.

Then close the cock and replace the
normal cleaning plug. The gauge glass can
be tested now and if satisfactory return to
service.
Do not carry out this operation on a
plate type glass on a high pressure boiler.
What Are The Causes Of Boiler

Furnace Blow Back ?
1. Insufficient purging time

2. Accumulation of oil in furnace from the
leaky burners
3. Boiler tubes and uptake have full of soot
deposits.
4. Air registers control not operating for the
high flame mode.
5. Too little air
6. Insufficient oil temperature
How To Keep Boiler Not In Service

?
For fire tube boiler out of service for short

period
The boiler must be completely filled

with alkaline water.
The boiler must be topped up
periodically and any air in the system must
be got rid off.
Regularly test the boiler water and keep
the alkalinity in the range of recommended
value.
If the boiler is to be taken out of service for

long period
It should be drained completely and

open up.
Dried out by means of heater units.
Then the trays of quick lime (moisture
absorbent material) should be place
internally in suitable positions.
Blanks should be fitted to the pipe
connections in the event of steam being
maintained in other boiler and blow down
line.
The quick lime should be renewed at
least once every two months.
What Is The Purposes Of Boiler

Water Treatment ?
To prevent scale formation ( Trisodium

phosphates is used)
To remove trace of oxygen (sodium
sulphide or hydrazine is used )
To give alkalinity and minimize
corrosion.(sodium hydroxide is used )
To reduce risk of caustic cracking (
sodium sulphate or sodium nitrate is used)
What Is The Difference Between

Safety Valve And Relief Valve ?
Safety valve
1. Directly open the design lift at set pressure.
2. Can open manually by easing gear.

3. Setting pressure is just above the working
and not more than 3% above the approved
working pressure.
Relief valve
1. Setting pressure is 10% above working

pressure .
2. Opening is proportion to the increase in
pressure.
3. Can not be open manually.
What Are The Markings On Safety

Valve ?
1. Manufacturer’s name
2. Serial number
3. Inlet diameter
4. Operating pressure
5. Discharge capacity
6. Safe working pressure
7. Blow off pressure
Boiler Uptake Fire And

Exhaust Gas Economiser Fire
Auxiliary boiler uptake or flue gases normally
pass through economisers or air pre-heaters or
feed water heaters. All these types of heat
exchangers are fin type. Hence large amount of
carbon or soot deposits on the fins. Along with
the flue gases some un-burnt carbon particles
also get deposited on the economisers.
Normally dry soot deposits have a very high

ignition temperature. But when the soot gets wet
with hydrocarbon vapours, their ignition
temperature comes down to around 150 degree
Celsius. This may result in boiler soot fire or boiler
uptake fire. When an uptake fire is suspected,
never soot blow the economiser. Soot blow with
steam causes steam to convert as hydrogen gas

and result in metal fire.
Preventive Actions
Regularly inspect boiler flame to ensure

correct air fuel ratio is maintained. This
makes complete combustion with clean
flue gas.
Carry out boiler burner and swirler
routines as per PMS.
Regularly soot blow economisers and
water wash periodically to remove soot
deposits.
Use proper grade of fuel oil for boiler.
Fuel oil used for boiler to be treated
well.
Avoid low load operation of boiler for
long period.
Running boiler near full load
periodically, helps in expelling out carbon
deposits adhered in uptake passages and
reduces chances of boiler uptake fire
considerably.
What Is Exhaust Gas Economiser

(EGE) Fire And How It Occur ?
A flame appear at the economizer coil

during running of main engine at sea while
the EGE is put into service with circulation
water passing through the coils, it is called
economizer fire.
It is actually cause by soot fire at the
economizer coils.
For the economizer coils fire, heat is
already presented due to passing the gases
of main engine.
Air is available due to excess supply of
scavenging air into the unit combustion
chamber.
Thick deposit of unburnt fuel, carbon
residue (soots) are sticking at the
economizer coils .
Soots are formed from incomplete
combustion and use of low grade fuel and
high carbon content fuel.
At the manoeuvring time, the more
incomplete combustion may occur and at
that time leaving flue gas velocity is very
low, thus unburnt fuel can be adhering on
the economizer coils.
A flame is produced when air and fuel
are proportionally mixed in the sufficient
heating temperature
What Are The Indications Of EGE

Fire ?
1. Smoke smell will get from the economizer.

2. Over heat at economizer body ( external
casing of uptake.)
3. Heavy smoke and sparks will emit from the
funnel.
4. Sudden unexpected increase in uptake gas
temperature ( Abnormally high stack
pyrometer reading)
5. Flame visible in the smoke indicator.
How To Prevent EGE Fire On Ships

?
1. To get complete combustion of fuel,

maintain the main engine (ME) in optimum
combustion condition.( governor, fuel
injection pump, fuel injection valve, fuel
injection timing, fuel condition, air cooler,
turbocharger, do not run too long ME with
slow speed)
2. Regular open up & cleaning smoke side of
economiser depending upon soot
accumulation. (water washing)
3. Regular soot blowing operation. Check &
maintain soot blowing equipment.
4. Regular overhaul boiler burner, correct air
fuel ratio & damper.
What Are The Actions To Be Taken

During Economizer Fire ?
1. Inform to the bridge and chief engineer.

Take the permission to stop main engine.
2. Gradually slowdown the ME and then stop.
3. If fire fighting equipment is fitted, it should
be brought into operation.
4. Cool down the economizer by means of
boundary cooling.
5. Circulation pump must be run but, if large
amount of water lost it must be stopped.
6. There is no heat source and fire is out.
7. When economizer fire occurs never do soot
blow to economizer.
8. It can cause hydrogen fire and melt down
the coils stack. It can cause deformation
and tube bulking because intensive heat
and high thermal stress formed at
economizer coils.
What Are The Actions To Be Taken

After Economizer Fire ?
1. Cool down to ambient temperature.

2. Open the economizer cover.
3. Clean inside parts of the economizer.
4. Check the any defective coil and repair for
temporary used by welding or plugging the
tubes.
How To Effectively Fight The

Economiser Fire ?
1. Slow down the engine.

2. Shut off oil burners, draught fans, dampers
& air register.
3. Raise water level full and blow down
continuously so as to maintain good flow
of water.
4. Reduce boiler pressure by easing gear.
5. Spray water on the external casing of the

uptake to cool the affected area.
6. A few times starting and stopping of main
engine should be done to blow out
collected soots at the uptake.
What Is Self Perpetuating Fire Or

Hydrogen Fire On Ships ?
When the fire causes the metal itself

burning at about 700 °C, if steam
smothering soot blowing system or water
jetting system have been attempted, the
big hydrogen fire may result.
The applied steam dissociates into
hydrogen and oxygen and accelerating the
fire.
Once such a fire has started, resulting
two kind of fires may take place
simultaneously, one kind, iron burning in
steam, and the other, the hydrogen burning
in an air exothermic way.
This combined fire being self supporting
and lasting until the supply of steam is
exhausted.
The primary objective of dealing the fire
is to cool the surface and burning material
as quickly as possible.
supporting and lasting until the supply

of steam is exhausted.
The primary objective of dealing the fire
is to cool the surface and burning material
as quickly as possible.
Boiler Maintenance On Ships

The boiler maintenance should always be
executed with skill and in accordance with valid
rules and regulations from the authorities, and
below are given some recommendations for
periodical inspections and maintenance.
Daily Operation
During normal operation of the boiler some work

and check procedures have to be considered
every day.
1. Check the boiler steam pressure and the

water level.
2. Check that the feed water control system is
operational.
3. Check the water condition and make
necessary countermeasures with regard to
the feed and boiler water treatment. If
necessary blow-down the boiler.
4. Check the function of the oil burner at
different capacities through the inspection
holes on the boiler.
5. Check the flue gas temperature after
and/or the draft loss across the boiler. If
either the temperature or the draft loss is
too high, the pin-tube section must be
cleaned.
Weekly Routine Checks
1. Drain each water level glass for about 10-

15 seconds.
2. In case of contaminated boiler water or
insufficient water treatment, the draining of
the water level glasses must be done more
often.
3. Check the safety water level device.
4. Depending on the boiler water tests blown-
down the boiler. Open the blow-down
valves quickly for a few seconds, and then
close and open again for about 5-10
seconds.
5. Repeat this operation when required
according to the boiler water tests.
6. Perform scum blow out by means of the
scum valve when required. The scum blow
out must be carried out until the drained
water is clean.
Monthly Routine Checks
1. Test all stand-by pumps.

2. Check all boiler mountings for damage or
leaks and repair/replace if necessary.
3. Check the function of the high steam
pressure switch by lowering the set point or
by raising the steam pressure, e.g. by
closing the main steam valve slowly. The
burner must stop automatically.
1. Check the function of the high steam

pressure switch by lowering the set point or
by raising the steam pressure, e.g. by
closing the main steam valve slowly. The
burner must stop automatically.
Inspection Of Furnace
The furnace should be inspected at least twice a

year. During this inspection the following issues
should be taken into consideration:
Check for cracks at the refractory lining

and that the furnace walls are free from
excessive soot deposits.
Examine carefully the area opposite the
burner. Too much soot deposits indicate
that the burner should be adjusted.
Check that the pin-tube elements are
intact and that soot deposits are within
normal limits.
Inspection Of Boiler Water Side
1. The boiler water side (interior) must be

carefully inspected at least twice a year.
This inspection of great importance and no
doubt the most important of all the
maintenance measures, since it has a direct
influence on the boiler longevity and on the
security.
2. At these inspections, hard deposits,
corrosion and circulation disturbances can
be found at an early stage, and preventive
measures must be taken to avoid
unexpected material damage and boiler

breakdown.
3. Presence of hard deposits at the furnace
wall and the pin-tubes reduces their heat
transfer properties and decrease the
capacity of the boiler.
4. Further, it is possible to make out if the
feed water treatment has been satisfactory
and if the blow-down has been carried out
sufficiently.
5. Incorrect feed water treatment is commonly
causing hard deposits or corrosion.
6. Insufficient blow-down will cause sludge
deposits in the tubes and accumulation of
sludge in the bottom of the boiler.
7. If hard deposits are not removed, it may
lead to overheating in the boiler plate
material which is exposed to the flame in
the furnace wall area. This may cause
material damages.
8. Incorrect feed water treatment does not
always lead to hard deposits. For example,
a too low or too high a pH-value may give
an electrolytic reaction, causing corrosion
in the boiler.
9. When the boiler interior is inspected,
examine all parts carefully and be attentive
to deposits, corrosion and cracks. It is
advisable to pay special attention to this
inspection.
Procedure And Remarks For

Inspection
1. Shut off the boiler and allow it to cool

(below 100°C). The boiler should NOT be
depressurised by lifting the safety valves
and then filled with cold feed water since
the stress induced by too rapid cooling
may cause damage.
2. Empty the boiler and close all valves. If the
boiler is connected to a second boiler,
check that the valves between them are
closed.
3. Unscrew and remove the manhole hatch(s)

on the boiler and enter the boiler when it is
sufficiently cold. Check the welding in the
boiler. A careful examination should be
carried out with respect to any possible
corrosion or crack formation.
4. Special care should be taken to the water
line area in the pressure vessel where
oxygen pitting may occur.
5. If deposits are found to be forming in the
boiler tubes, the tubes should be
chemically cleaned.
6. It is advisable to consult a company of
cleaning specialists who will examine the
boiler deposits and treat the boiler
accordingly.
7. After chemical treatment the boiler should
be blown-down at least twice a day for
approximately one week. This will ensure
that excessive sludge deposits due to
chemical treatment do not collect in the
bottom of pressure vessel.
Contamination
If the water is contaminated with foreign

substances like oil, chemicals, corrosion products
etc., it is very important to act immediately to
avoid damages to the boiler.
Layers of thin oil films, mud, etc. exposed to the

heating surfaces causes a bad heat transfer in the
boiler, leading to overheating followed by burned
out pressure parts. In order to remove such
contamination, a boiling out or acid cleaning
have to be performed immediately.
Corrosion products from the pipe system or

insufficient boiler water treatment may result in
corrosion in the boiler itself. It is therefore
important to observe that such circumstances do
not occur in the system.
How Alkaline Water Prevehnt

Corrosion In Marine Boilers
Corrosion can be broadly classified into two.
Dry Corrosion
Metals have a tendency to return back to their

natural state of metal oxides. These metal oxides
form a thin layer over them and it prevents
further corrosion attack.
Wet Corrosion
Every metals have a specific potential when

placed in an electrolyte. When two metals of
different potential are placed in an electrolyte, it
forms an electro-chemical cell. This results in flow
of electrons to and from the metals. Even
different parts of a single metal can have different
potentials in certain conditions. This also may set
up an electro-chemical cell or galvanic cell or
corrosion cell.
Whatever be the case a cell means there is an

anode and cathode, in which anode loses
electrons and deteriorates with time. While at the
cathode two conditions are there:
If electrolyte is acidic, hydrogen gas is

released.
If electrolyte is alkaline, polarizing layer
of hydrogen is formed, which prevents
further corrosion.
Another thing to be noted is that when there is

dissolved oxygen in the electrolyte, the polarizing
layer of hydrogen is reacted with oxygen to form
water. So no more protection for the metal.
The variation in rate of corrosion with alkalinity at

different dissolved oxygen content is shown
below.
Wikipedia

Boiler - An Overview (Full Description) - Marinerspoint Pro

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Boiler - An Overview (Full Description) - Marinerspoint Pro

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

24.08.

2023, 21:15 Boiler - An Overview ( Full Description ) - Marinerspoint Pro

Home Random What is Boiler ?Types, uses,

What is Boiler ?Types, uses,

What Is The Boiler Mounting ?

It is directly fitted to the boiler shell. They are:

7. Bottom blow down valve

Where Are Air Vent Cock Located

The air vent cock is fitted at the top of the steam

Its purpose are-

1. To release air from the boiler either filling

What Are The Safety

Why Need To Blow Down The

Gauge glass blow down is made to know the

Boiler Gauge Glass Blow Through

1. Shut steam and water cocks than open the

Why Need To Blow Down The

Boiler blow down is made to reduce the

Why Scum Blow Down Or Surface

To remove accumulated, suspended and

Why Bottom Blow Down Is Carried

To remove suspended solids and

What Is The Purpose Of Boiler

Enumerate The Boiler Water Test ?

1. Alkalinity test [Phenolphthalein ( p)

This is to ensure that the boiler water

(a) Phenolphthalein or ‘p’ alkalinity

This test is carried out to prevent acidic

one third of phosphate present in a water

(b) Total ( T ) alkalinity test

To determine the amount all of

Note: Hydroxides and carbonates can co-exist

To know the amount of salt in boiler

To control condensate PH value within a

Amerzine test ( Hydrazine test )

To test for dissolved Oxygen content

To control the scale formation due to

Measure of the total amount of

To check for salt causing “hardness”

Note: Hardness test of boiler water are not

What Are The Advantages Of

Exhaust Gas Boiler On Ships

EGB is designed as a vertical boiler with a

small number of stay tubes. The stay tubes with

What Is Foaming In Auxiliary

High concentration of impurities.

To prevent foaming, surface or scum blow down

What Is Boiler Priming And

To prevent priming, never keep the water level

What Action Do You Made Take In

1. Scum blow down

Note: For contamination due to oil, auxiliary

What Is The Boiler Cool Down

Boiler Opening Up And

Follow as procedure above, after making sure no

1. To remove top man hole door, slacken the

Describe The Boiler Start Up

to avoid thermal stress.

1. Check the boiler blow down valve in close

How To Take Action If Gauge Glass

If water level has not yet dropped

1. The fire must be immediately stopped.

4. Check leakage, drum outside, Located the