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mg sin
mg Figure 1.1: Sketch of the planar mathematical pendulum. Note that the suspension is such that the pendulum can go over the top. Newtons2 famous law F = m a, where F denotes the force, m the mass and a the acceleration. By the stiffness of the rod, no motion takes place in the radial direction and we therefore just apply Newtons law in the -direction. The component of the force in the -direction is given by mg sin , where the minus sign accounts for the fact that the force is driving the pendulum back to = 0. For the acceleration a we have
2 2 2 2
Encontrar la solucin expl o cita de la ecuacin del movimiento = (t) utilizando las o funciones de Jacobi. Igualmente obtener la ecuacin de evolucin del momento conjugado o o d () d a= = , dt dt de (B(t)). Hallar el periodo de oscilacin y estudiar sin comportamiento. o su m = mg
where (d2 /dt2 )(t) = (t) is the second derivative of the function t (t). Substituted into Newtons law this gives
or, equivalently, Utilizando las soluciones anteriores realizar las grcas: (t) vs. t, B(t) vs. t. a g
Dibujar la grca B(t) vs. (t) utilizando las anteriores soluciones o por conservacin de a o la energ a. Comparar (gracamente o anal ticamente) los anteriores resultados con la aproximacin o Sir Isaac es, con armnica: sin esto Newton 1642-1727 el sistema descrito por la ecuacin del movimiento: o o
2
= sin , (1.1) where obviously m, > 0. So we derived the equation of motion of the pendulum, which in this case is an ordinary differential equation. This means that the evolutions are given by the functions t (t) that satisfy the equation of motion (1.1). In the sequel we abbreviate = g/. Observe that in the equation of motion (1.1) the mass m no longer occurs. This means that the mass has no inuence on the possible evolutions of this system.
g d2 = dt2 l 2. El pendulo forzado con disipacin (reloj de pndulo) tiene como ecuacin del movimiento: o e o d2 d = 2 sin C + A cos t 2 dt dt (1)
Supogamos las condiciones iniciales (0) = 0 y d |t=0 = 0 y los valores = 2.5, c = 0.5 y dt A = 3.8. Estudiar numricamente el comportamiento de (t) para tiempos t [0, 200] y para e varios valores de comprendidos en el intervalo [1, 3]. Es el movimiento peridico en algn o u caso? como varia el periodo en funcin de ? o