Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Introduction of Soil Dynamics

& Earthquake Engineering

Introduction

Dedi Apriadi, Ph.D.

Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Institut Teknologi Bandung
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

References

• Kramer, S. L., “Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering”, Prentice-

Hall, Inc., 1996

• Das, B.M., “Principles of Soil Dynamics”, PWS-KENT Publishing

Company, 1993.

• Class Notes
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Sistem Penilaian

1. UTS: 40%

2. UAS: 50%

3. Tugas: 10%
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

How to Represent Ground Motions?
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

Fourier Series

• Developed by French
mathematician, J.B.J.
Fourier
• Basic idea (1807):
Any periodic function
can be rewritten as a
weighted sum of Sines
and Cosines of different
frequencies.

(After S. Narasimhan, 2012) Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768-1830)

 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

Fourier Series: Periodic function = as the sum of a series of simple harmonic loading with different amplitude, frequency, and phase

f4 + f5 + f6
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

Movement Movement in m1, m2, m3 Infinite DOF Infinite DOF

Only in Vertical and rocking translation
Vertical direction (2 DOF) (3 DOF)
(1 DOF = SDOF)

Discrete system: Continous system

Mass concentrateted at a finite Mass is distributed throughout system
Number of locations and have a finite DoF And have a infinite DOF
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Seismic Waves
Scope of Soil Dynamics

Known as primary, longitudinal or

compressional waves

Known as secondary, transversal

or shear waves

It produced by interaction of p &

SV waves with earth surface

It produced by interaction of p SH
waves with soft surficial layer
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Seismic Waves
Scope of Soil Dynamics
▪ Travel through both solids and
liquids

▪ Do not pass through fluids

 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

Ground Response Analysis

Rigid Rock Elastic Rock
• Seluruh Gelombang • Sebagian gelombang
dipantulkan dipantulkan sebagian
diserap

x xs
z Soil zs Soil
H hs

xr
zr
Rigid Rock
Elastic Rock
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

PLATFORM
LWS
Effect of Soil Constitutive

• Linear Viscoelastic Kelvin-Voigt Model

PGA SEA BED

• Equivalent linear models (modifying the

Kelvin-Voigt model to account for some types
of soil nonlinearities)
SOIL CONDITION

• Cyclic nonlinear models

PBA • Advanced constitutive models

10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

Effect of Soil Constitutive
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

Effect of Soil Constitutive

UBCSAND
▪ Fully coupled effective-stress plasticity
model (comprehensive)
▪ Perilaku tegangan-regangan diprediksi
dengan hubungan hiperbolik dengan
memperkirakan respons volumetrik atas
fungsi rasio tegangan
▪ Sifat : Yield function (elastic, plastic),
Hardeing rule, densification rule, undrained
FINN-BYRNE
▪ Loosely coupled effective-stress model
▪ Model yang sederhana
▪ Bertumpu pada hubungan
irrecoverable regangan-volume dengan
amplitude tegangan-regangan yang
mengakibatkan perubahan volumetric
pada tanah
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

Effect of Soil Constitutive

τcyc vs t

Ru vs t

τcyc vs σv’
Keterangan
CSR = 0,1
Syy = 100 kPa
Frekuensi = 1 Hz
UBCSAN
D
Hasil Lab

Tanah Loose Tanah Medium Tanah Dense

 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

Effect of Soil Constitutive

Ru vs γmax

τcyc vs γsmall

τcyc vs γmax
UBCSAND Hasil Lab

Tanah Loose Tanah Medium Tanah Dense

 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

Effect of Soil Constitutive
τcyc vs t

Ru vs t

τcyc vs σv’

Keterangan
CSR = 0,1
Syy = 100 kPa
Frekuensi = 1 Hz
Tanah Dense Finn-
Tanah Loose Tanah Medium
Byrne
Hasil Lab
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

Effect of Soil Constitutive

Ru vs γmax

τcyc vs γsmall

τcyc vs γmax

Keterangan
CSR = 0,1
Syy = 100 kPa
Frekuensi = 1 Hz
Finn-
Byrne
Tanah Medium Tanah Dense Hasil Lab
Tanah Loose
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

Liquefaction - PALU 2018
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

Excess Porewater Pressure Generation
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Scope of Soil Dynamics

 Dedi Apriadi – SI 4121 Pengantar Dinamika Tanah dan Rekayasa Gempa

Course Materials
• Introduction of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering

• Fundamentals of Vibrations: SDOF, Response Spectra

& MDOF, Fourier Series & Transform

• Dynamic Soil Properties

• Wave Propagation

• Ground Response Analysis

• Site Classifications & Local Site Effect

• Liquefaction: Behavior, Evaluation and Mitigation

• Seismic Lateral Earth Pressure

Thank you