THE PAPER

APPLYING FOR SCHOLARSHIPS 2

(Conversational Practices and Grammar Focus: Present Perfect)

Lecturer :Rudy Kristyanto Prabowo, M.Pd.

Arrange By :
Muhamad Nadzir (23070210086)
AgilYunika Sari (2307021002)
ArinaKurotulUlya (23070210057)
Dewi Nur Agustin (23070210071
PuputNailaSalsabila (23070210022)

MATH TADRIS

FACULTY OF TARBIYAH DAN TEACHER TRAINING

SALATIGA STATE ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS INSTITUTE

YEAR 2022
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 PREFACE

AssalamualaikumWr. Wb.

We give thanks to Allah SWT. who has given grace and guidance so

that we can complete an English paper explainingAPPLYING FOR SCHOLARSHIPS 2

. We convey our gratitude to Mr. Rudy Kristyanto Prabowo, M.Pd. as a

lecturer in English 2 courses who have guided us in completing this paper.

We also thank our parents and friends for their support so that we can

complete this paper on time.

We realize that there are still many shortcomings in this paper

that we have compiled, due to the limited knowledge and knowledge that we

have. Therefore, suggestions and constructive criticism are highly expected

and welcome. We hope that this paper can be useful for all parties, so that

it can add insight to knowledge for its readers.

Salatiga, 10 November 2021

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE..................................................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENT.........................................................................................................................ii
CHAPTER 1..........................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................3
A. Background of the Paper............................................................................................................3
B. Formulation of the Problem.......................................................................................................3
C. Purpose of the Paper..................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER II.........................................................................................................................................4
DISCUSSION.......................................................................................................................................4
A. Conversational Practices............................................................................................................4
1. Expressing the main thing on an issue...................................................................................4
2. Practice in your own sentence................................................................................................4
3. Discuss with your group/pairs. Try to use the phrases when you talk about the following....4
B. Grammar Focus: Presennt Perfect..............................................................................................5
1. Pattern....................................................................................................................................5
2. Change the sentence into Present Perfect Tense....................................................................7
CHAPTER III......................................................................................................................................11
CLOSING............................................................................................................................................11
A. Conclusion...............................................................................................................................11
B. Suggestion...............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCE......................................................................................................................................12

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Paper

English is the international language. By mastering English

well, we will be able to communicate with other nations in this

world. In addition, we will be able to increase our insight and

knowledge. But speaking English does not need to talk about things

like this at hand because there are many structures in the English

learning system such as grammar, tenses, etc. Not many people who

learn English understand and know correctly what tenses are, their

types, etc.

In this paper we will discuss several tenses, namely

"Present Perfect Tense" to deepen our knowledge of tenses and their

explanations.

B. Formulation of the Problem

1. What is conversational practices?

2. What is present perfect tense?

C. Purpose of the Paper

1. To find out how to practice conversation

2. To know the present perfect tense

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Conversational Practices

1. Expressing the main thing on an issue

 I think the most important thing is a lot of money.
 Marie Think the most important thing is earning a lot of money.
 First of all, I think Education is the key for brighter future.
 The main things are intelligenci, persistenci, patienci, capital, time span,
and tutor to be successful in learning.

2. Practice in your own sentence.

 I think the most important thing a success is hard work, attempted, and
pray for God.
 When studying from home the most important thing is wifi and a good
network.
 The main things are self purification, gratitude, and preparation English
proficiency.
 The most important thing as a professional soccer player is to be
mentally strong and practice diligently.
 First of all, I think studying hard is the key to getting good grades.

3. Discuss with your group/pairs. Try to use the phrases when you talk about the
following.
 The most important thing to look for in a future wife/husband.
 What is the most important thing to look for in choosing a
prospective wife/husband?
 What is important when bringing up a child?

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  The most important thing when raising children is to educate with
good manners and attitude.
 You are planning to spend your holiday in the mountains. How should you
prepare.
 The most important thing for a vacation to the mountains is to wear
thick clothes because the weather there is very cold?

 You are driving along an icy road when suddenly the car starts to skid.
 I think the most important when the rainy season arrives, the road
is difficult to access. How are things along the road when you are
driving?
 You are going for a very important interviews that you do badly. How
should you prepare this time?
 The main things are practicing before the interview takes place.

B. Grammar Focus: Presennt Perfect

A sentence that is used to state that an action, the occurrence of a work activity has
been carried out but when it is said it is still being done.
Function
a. To express an event that has happened in the past, but the time is not clear
Example: She has just sent me a letter.
b. To express events that have occurred from the past until now
Example: I have had a cold for two weeks.
c. To express events that have occurred from the past until now
Example: Alex has travelled to Brazil many times.

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1. Pattern
The present perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The
time of the action is before now but not specified, and we are often more
interested in the result than in the action it self.
 They haven’t lived here for years.
 She has worked in the bank for five years.
 We have had the same car for ten years.
 Have you played the piano since you were a child?

a. Verbal
Affirmative
Subject to have past participle
She has visited.

Negative
Subject to have + not past participle
She has not (hasn’t) visited.
Interrogative
To have subject past participle
Has she visited?
Negative interrogative
To have + not subject past participle
Hasn’t she visited?

b. Nominal
Affirmative : Subject + have/has + been + object (Adjective/Noun)
Negative : Subject + have/has + not + been + object (Adjective/Noun)
Interrogative : Have/Has + subject + been + object (Adjective/Noun)

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 Subject Modal
I
You Have
We
They

He
She Has
It
Adverb Time : Keterangan Waktu
1. Since = sejak
2. For = selama
Negative Short
Have + not = haven’t
Has + not = hasn’t

2. Change the sentence into Present Perfect Tense

 I walk two miles already.
Affirmative
I have walked two miles already
Negative
I have not walked two miles already
Interrogative
Have I walked two miles already?
Negative interrogative

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 Have not I walked two miles already?

 I studied all night/yesterday.

Affirmative
I have studied all night/yesterday
Negative
I have not studied all night/yesterday
Interrogative
Have I studied all night/yesterday?
Negative interrogative
Have not I studied all night/yesterday?

 I work hard today

Affirmative
I have worked hard today
Negative
I have not worked hard today
Interrogative
Have I worked hard today?
Negative interrogative
Have not I worked hard today?

 The company current CEO lied repeatedly to her employees

Affirmative
The company has current CEO lied repeatedly to her employees
Negative
The company has not current CEO lied repeatedly to her employees
Interrogative
Has the company current CEO lied repeatedly to her employees?
Negative interrogative
Has not the company current CEO lied repeatedly to her employees?

 Washington encourages his troops.

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 Affirmative
Washington has encouraged his troops
Negative
Washington has not encouraged his troops
Interrogative
Has Washington encouraged his troops?
Negative interrogative
Has not Washington encouraged his troops?

 Brett worked with Chef Pierre LeGout

Affirmative
Brett has worked with Chef Pierre LeGout
Negative
Brett has not worked with Chef Pierre LeGout
Interrogative
Has Brett worked with Chef Pierre LeGout?
Negative interrogative
Has not brett worked with Chef Pierre LeGout?

 You see that movie many times.

Affirmative
You have seen that movie many times
Negative
You have not seen that movie many times
Interrogative
Have you seen that movie many times?
Negative interrogative
Have not you seen that movie many times?

 There are many earthquakes in California.

Affirmative
There has been many earthquakes in California
Negative

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 There has not been many earthquakes in Callifornia
Interrogative
Has there been many earthquakes in California?
Negative interrogative
Has not there been many earthquakes in California?

 People travel to the Moon.

Affirmative
People have travelled to the Moon.
Negative
People have not travelled to the Moon
Interrogative
Have people travelled to the Moon?
Negative interrogative
Have not people travelled to the Moon?

 Nobody climbed that mountain.

Affirmative
Nobody has climbed that mountain
Negative
Nobody has not climbed that mountain
Interrogative
Has nobody climbed that mountain?
Negative interrogative
Has not nobody climbed that mountain?

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 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

A. Conclusion
1. In conversational practice, expressing the main
thing in a problem by using the most important thing is, first of
all, the main things are.
2. Presennt Perfect a sentence that is used to state that an
action, the occurrence of a work activity has been carried out but
when it is said it is still being done. And has a function:
a. To express an event that has happened in the past, but the time
is not clear
b. To express events that have occurred from the past until now
c. To express events that have occurred from the past until now

B. Suggestion
We realize that in writing this paper we are far from perfection. We
hope that readers can put the material in this paper into practice, and
it is recommended that readers look for other reference sources from
books, journals, or other relevant sources to understand the material
mentioned above.

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 REFERENCE

Miftachudin, et al. (2019). English for Scholarship: for internal Use

Only. Salatiga:

Unit Pelayanan Teknis Pengembangan Bahasa (UPTPB) Institut

Agama Islam

Negeri (IAIN) Salatuga.

“pengertian, rumus, fungsi, dan contoh Present Perfect Tense”,

https://englishplusplus.id/present-perfect/ , diakses pada 19 Maret 2022

pukul 21.00.

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