(B SeviMentation oe, > |b is ‘the precess of zemoval of svspented pont cle fom waren. > The entive qneory of sedimentation boyed on Specific Grav: (w). Ge wk: of solid of grenvolume. sOT OF stondend Mud of same volome. fi agate war cis 2 Wows, -(48)( 9 gets, ~ Seg = G Gs >A “ Ns 70. nic SOvd , Ga 26-29 (2-65) Foo ino For onjanic solid, G=I-% (2) wale yao! Sold ovve heavier the" i 4o qorbulerce > \Notes is 19 Fyovsins Condition ; §o doe +0 settle! VOU bECEEECUCEEECYCOS no sewing sakes pice: > duving Se i ave wo Toseul Gi Ww Vise ay v WP b's'b'b'b!GW Sixe of poxticles.(d) G7 feu Stoke's 1avd -votid (BRL Cn ae eee eee re Assumption. of stokes gut ~ ee dfeshce sree setement is spiel J y ic Fakin ii) Hectiors in unieh) setttement 8 place is infinite < ar sakes place ach cetilement Caz coop oe chasog 2 PTAVATAATLLARAA =0 ay cod] av.sian gras Proeeeeee 2:inestiat force 24 ce wee » Ree Crow Bree Re = ga pvd ve yn | amfsee, [Gi Fen spangition flow conditiore- (0-4 Ka 10". Ca 04 2 (9-4) V= eo ae 2 (s-2 y= stay 80% b. | % Bigg the Size of petide move the effeaiency of _SettiementViscocily & Sze of particle can be attered doag] of! on M Size of pooricle novmatly GWaed, alienation is vestonly @ Needs extra eosk 3 Sedimentation is caxsied ‘Out inne oriits desmecl oP “two type == WG Ulscent ype /Fixed type / Fill & clsaws type. Gi) Continvous Low pe:- @Hokzontal flew ybe Ww) vertical fico type. ¥ Guiscoat type Gechmentation tank. \ hich the fiow of > These are tre gpe of tank in ahicl ty stopped fow 24 hoves - water is complele! shew : which the — solid peesent in HS get settled duain inthe) tank veseltin indhe fosmosion ol sive ; hich is fostha iKuwed by the _premoval of ‘settled Silay from tre tank fos the next freatment- > Detention 4ime fos thee tank owe 24 hov¥S, cleared eviod ig 6-12 HOUBS: ge ‘i aly demand - n fox max daily demane > mhnye spank oe dexeq a od ss 5 * J csi} “| aio gore Qo= Dopin Aischarye = Qmor = 8 Sox X ckily demand | * = le BK(Fopulation ye Avg. Per capita daily deren) SPILPPIPPIPVTIPROPOVERAHT RANKER RYEis defencl vpon celention ine. % Minimum it ghovld be 3. Too for opejation and me go miiniatom nif fox standby - ye_moy™ unit depend _ypon daily demand. Conlinvory fioo type: >in this pe of dank in which flow of coater is erored Jo be coninvosy Px caving out sedimentation . (einer in bores Brvelve aypet- : @® Hoizontal fiow hpe & Vertical flowo/ox LPP fivco Hype Rectang “Cisculo’ tank Sierk sah radial flow CEC CEOCCCCUCCCOS 9 Reconquiae tank oth Lopate Fie Pssouphon in the tank, carsumed to be seitied © bottom of the gettting tone. ahe ses. 1B) SAMS section at the inlet end. WA particle ig if 4 veaches Th @ Concenkation of ai ou the paxticle of all points of cine vertical Age b bebe bbb WGVV. - 2 S © flan-ovea, PPPPPIPPPPPPPPOOP OTE HRARADDO ON AK ehv tg eb > tye dt Vg Ve hveb tay < ta if poxticte of greore tf wit setile quickly ethan concerned! size of pomticte ticle SIZ Aran conceed size of Pox ta, < 44 eee yor pemoval of bigge sized poatrcle also takes c pe ee in the tank ie ges Le Veta,ta " 9 tae th Pla, > ta i 4 (ta < tay) 4 q ba a ieee q « Snes ee | 1s hee Ms > Fos Sore h 2\o, for which Ag, tay we Me de, 2 for aome HZ Non 2 tag > ta (9 HY ~ 0 costle 4 fos, some hz Ve. 9 te! < 4a (6-4) ~ serve Smoller size posticles ove porbatly we moved 2 in cedimertation Jonk » PP DDAPI®AAA22l ew eeevob veo b b'b'U GG G'4" | VODLVLVOG bb C 4G oUe rede? qe) =f(z,9) yes FZ th Removal of smatt gite paaticle! ; 78 = CHM y100 Ww f= Dx 100 ve AY ae ie fon. ees yi = f= Se “eae L fig = Ge XW & at Size (m 4) Concenfiotsen mR ‘only Flow is Sage Se eet 5 50 yoo? 250 \ooy. wy 4 B50 \9F le ) 2 \er 4507s = 58 F§ ro_velodl a a 237s of concerned BtAe 7—@y—> or a Jominod (a3) o)KMD, + \so* LO 4 15X350) ToS in Teo ‘ ; Ka dA_portide is famed, Gras ane effeciency of sedimeniasion 404K | 9] O< Gp eee Qvartps ‘Role and, SoFR oveor> oe |2 tank havi hovirg iorfiao wate of 2m/ny~ is designed a os preatmet of flowivy water sample es Type of particle Veloely (m/rass) Concentosa GWE af % 3 200 | e 3 bed = too, He uso =e of particle isn Batlle 2000) og corned Find ‘the concentsakion ‘ouk oF taNK- eo} 7.R= Veapwo = @ 4xIOD = 507 vs S0% 30 = 215 i 450% $2 = 2 rmg/ vie = scled prevent in Wallet. FAP alt Sie of paoticte? dize less than steed y icles howins gs CR! oa 3 satect veloo yy S size /veloaly tess 47075 Xel- angfwe Om) y Ze 6 oF so 5 Xs; zoo OM % aso 2 Ye, rw | SD- sy. ao die Ay Bay pie j es a ee Ws a=. Score) Vi = vee pe ax x fede. Whey Usy, = Neue $ Fide PIPILIPLILIIII POLIO GINS SYWooboobbbOG000000G00 Co0e Crees (B Cixcvle a()= ZACK AR on ty (52 = (10o~ Xs) X10 + 6m (=) a ec ib 4.5% (Se) ik --. 6a (Se) = (\oo- x)+ 2 (% an Vo, + V92, a Uss a ap “tonk_oith rok sit Ral fee tO a% @flcieny of Civevlar tae is vemeteempaed TY Gao Teelayqulan 4K: vertical fiow {YPe dank, set un -contant dozin settlement ageducen a0! TNE posticle secumfaence due +O Gorlowed velocily of bot ain porkcles ema hosicontal velocity oF fiow move from comet fowords ¢ increone iN OeA (2mm) hen gedtiement by the posicte doving thie ae stsoight fine pon in a pexabotic path v} Ahe howzorkal {loro Pe dante ite prlo-ond 47 8S i) Design Aare fos Hoaxontal, fled Hpe tank - TPTTIVIVIAARARMA ) Over fle = Fal wo FUC ayats Tee weit sey | L20v0- ISvTO Yfmi/doy fos plain gedimentakion _ 20000 2/m*/dey => YW DEN sontet/aer) [rrr [doy ~ pis choage sper unit ores . “Gx ogg ulation added edna PI ITR PIIIDIIIDSSs » YYYYODYVEVDOUEGUGECECOCCSCeded? > We ‘thee = Sere = aq: tncoxemtad_ time 7 Gj Dention time Ca) from intel to Oot me ie toy Sake $e ne, oe A me) mage = Y to & hours Plein sectintentabon - 2 40 YU hours fos Coogriaken aided 4B Sedimentakin Volume Volume = LBH —& clavqulan Fey os Lp (0-0 + 0.98 5H) — Coroloa tan He Volume exe VE Nga T a <>> H ve re | ve) Nf tf mak short -ghiveuting. > This procem tp Kn 07 Flow coy pasiod = Actual fime available orth Wary along ane high of tank, to Hovel oly the tenet of tank +» Ghypoet of shortshineFY je, it veduee effeeionel of tank. wetical detention dime is calculated on dre Fier Boi in actvad i is MO* in seouits in lesser quaitabilily of acta) Aime ow posdticles te settle in Upper layer hence {hare porticte .; doch settle: vepolt in veduced in ef fcieneyef 4nis is Known a Shot Ciscoking * — J CIS of aug velox? of pa tay ic> Extew of cOhich is Measured in fesms of displacement efficiency )_-O-enxetical_detention 4nsough peried (tr ava) X17 ys Ais fee te a =The detention tre (43) : te moot bene ages que Comat) 1, 56009 43 met 7. Maw A > LEmin ® —> Show coeusicg qi Mx elosly of flows /ERectorpts) Wo Horizontal V : Vp = O19 — 0-3 m/min (0.3 m/rin) ve = Sgn ; a = Gy” t @XH Vy 2 Sot Bote x DE @ £4 W Sy = Srp W) Free Goo = 0-3 -0.5") wy Sludge zone = 0-8-2. J ECC EERAP RARE REE EERE, f ? Ac/als an fle ane iSv yo ebb b0 000 b00Cb0C C0 Cee ddddddd Consicles O Besidry sectimenterion dank in a wotee tear fan Ah SOFR = gomt/m/day, the die of the sphetical pice Which coll Nave oy Theoretical Removal effeciene Mm. Assome stoke 1a Io be vali 2 in tne stank Me leloxlosm’ys. Go = roworg/m’. 9 fa = 2eBolgim?, it ing volo? co} ferned Portcle. / a Vs Co) Ye _ bine 13M 0 \- 6 _ Ms. yS of, R= we 80 KV = Us, ¥109 eo X40 = Ver Us = Ege we Vs_ =_SOxUO '/see % Tap y Seuvo = grin mee. a & ort) Yod _ dad -M Uss= eM OE Gy a (a. 81 XA SS om APS, 3.4 X10 Te Xe KI Ss = 2-197 107 ™ da 224 xiore eee Mm.NIX Cen nn eT TT, WA reetanguics gedimentati : tothe lenlahon boon iS 4a handle D SF yaw wotez. A detention bosin of barcnteney Jo length sai. of 1:5 is proposed. to “trap all paatices layqer Than mm (9 Size oF 2657 for the pouticler rempetatore compole ne 2.5m « ca\cvlne Qnvumi aq eeletve density >Q0'c emp ao the ANg hovin dimewion + 1f the depth of tank iS celeron Avue. Qp = 10 mud = (oxo f L/aoy "owen aux 60% 60 Apes onsa ™/8 Mg = ule (S- a (214) — us- Spal x Yrs +O oe o-\st G2 = >aRy 104 plonavea= “Nis = goqoam -O BxL) = = s0goe 6) = 0-8 (8X88) “soes ge BastIM Lel5- oie . d=3'S i ae Sa KiSesPAI5_ 2: ape day a Maa VORKIOS XT syo.azmin PIDPLIPIPIVIPLRIPIDPIAIAVIAVAANLVAARAAQA sett bosin is design 40 Have cusjace wadloa vam Nyb'y'b'v'y'b pb Db Ob WU CS CUCL YYsY m /doy _ pelemine the owerau +~emoval ovtes 4h size diatibeion on follow is 2o'e oF which dynamic = OAT? GIA/ crn?, Of 82. fox o sespemion wh Gz 2 and voter tenth 1.024 cont poise, Sus 5 Ne yescosily Pasticle size (mm) od 0-08 0:0} 0-06 Q.04 GO2 O01 FQ (00 43 1S 4o weight Faackor do gree in site(s) gixe, of pastides present in woke a all 4: t1c0-¥9 w2 (exon 4 au wl Nv ~ Ve dG-3) Yod in size (¥) (mm/seo) i Nae ete b j.0581 LEB ! (sa Vs ttr2-) KORA AISAS,, oO wr Xa? xe ‘ orl Ors! YS NK FOL] KIT Xl (028) Vz =105-%\ a mmjsee, ont 0-04 4 22-6%\ 05 aang. = -O-849F 20: genre oo 14004 5 Us = st Vs wise’ ue ZL goa tripe we Sister: = Ogyy/se Dg = BO-F= 23%. $F UsyeoS8torlp = oe 14S mM / see =eUn) “oo-1) + (S83) pan) ) O-38 =Qo0-29 + 182469 = BUY HoVerrion Flow Type Tank Vesa NVs= tpmay Vs= Virmio PLPILPIILIPPUPOPEP OPER RE RE NORNIOD9’ st Copsplokan Addect Sedimentation , e AQ Vo bebe bbb bY Vs 6 oevvyee ney of P:S. 1S Compativery wed) cedl 1F wool! 21 COMMIS} e in sych cane Caqgo\atien Effecie of fine suspended porticles. Here added sed 1 added _sedmentaien 15 Adobled do incveme + 5 Re efficiency | and it is casated Ovt in thsee stagqen’ = OH Coagelation (oot firming) ® Floccolation (clowo mrxing) (ip Sedimentation. Cape 5 visually tl auvface caotes Sources comein percephble 4orbid ily: Sree in ace from 1o7e mm - heey iro sunFace, note? vonies domm to Ajo 3m/usec 9.000001 gma /eition YoU - => faticles are ize emalley tran SOM in diamel, cannot be ex fected be semeved by plain cedimentoxon: Ue a coins) Of these foricle > Aggiome wechion Anes settlement’ > Cestoin peopestis of colloids prevent “heiy aagytemeration g into ger is Aone foxColloidal Stability > Colloidal suspension nal dle not qgglomerale notvrally are called stable. > This stabilily is doe to ‘theln _very smut! sive. > Qurface phenonmena predominate over manmon phenomena . dv 2ssh+t* 2 GY ds ssa uy >. Gt >The most impostant sorjace Phenonmenon isthe Accumviotion of electical Chasged af [posncle gos face ement corthin the pauticle, loss of > Molecula 0270! of svsface Fev In surfoce choage: ions due to abrasion dal coxface ore negatvey > In most surface conte, Colloi Chayged- @ warer Nea the: suoface. > lons contained in ah Colltid will be affected bY chagyed PPLIPIDLP ULI DRIP AAVIIVAUALUAARAA» » » » » » » » 9 3 SS »s s Ss 2 3 = ce) 2 2 AVS Wieiatb! <— pifforea layey ————4 vistance from particle > counles iong fisst altached> to negatively shag o wigid Sayer called cnekh ore k averfooe ont nves ao attack move countel lors ions) ave bein ssepelied by othe, nily and) STERN LAYER itseit. > Positive particle + foomin _5 The pasticle ol now there (covntey” countey- ions 1 the vicl ed Diffuse layer: won is. call op the double —— ‘The second sey layevs 08e +eomed 2 Together bath layer: _5 Elec Bicol potential epween the eutface of porrticle nd any poi in awe suspen siqvid is called o Susfoce potentials hese aren layer meets ra cal sorential | . an mast ie, stean plane is called steon potenti piffo a hese diffuse loves meets ane 2 electncal potential wo nia. corso 0nd"g Hiquid 1 elip plane is calle Potential il > the higher he value of zeta Potential, the more elawie the suspery ion.ee. Ot Onhey, << : 0 ib, °@e © oe © Ge > WWihen two colloids come in close pooximiy there are two fosces acting onsthem- > The ELEcTROSTATIC/ ZETA POTENTIAL intesaction Of counter liom susmundt whichicovse Rebvision: artgaciive fosce called which sopport contackion created by ng each collvid, > qhe eecond fovee » 09 VANDER \nrAus FORCE >» fosce and VANDER Waus 9 Calloids. q eane colt newer in distance betwee woans Fore dearcone MOS sap V5 potis atone” force at clo 2 Both 719 Potential idly than se distance. dec —> Vander ZETA Polentia PV wk x ey dai sianoe bet” panicle - Qopolsion 9) pied pistanee bel” pouricle db ty sth Sh hn am PPDMMAMD®DOOOO COCEEU ESS 2 > 2 2 = 2 \s \g\s\y\s\s'\s'b5 Fret = BtC =2-V ipdtotep EN cn inet sve creguiste\ \ed les, V>Z 5 fnet= (ve Coached) 5 The net force is Repulsive at greates qistances and become attvactive only afier {lascigg eDyTR Movie net vepulsive Force. >This is called Enesgy Gavrier ov THRESOLD tnesgy, Ereggy Coe os ee >once the force bewme cttsattive, contact Genter dhe particle 4ake place: 3 enesqy WarAig must PE overcome before the aggiemeration of particle @on accor: > Brownian movement ox mechanical itation Of woates may import enongh momentom to loxger poaticter to move them ~ocvas energy ba omer. Co ulation Aheory'- q Lisee aheexact method PY cohich. coagelation *s accom plis cannot be determines foos mechanism ove thooght to Occou*: Iprenion + Wionte layer com a chaxge nevboali qu Ab sospiion On wy Sweep coagulation. uy Intesportcle ordain): scuti on -‘Tonic layes Compression. ~ 10m work. >The quantity of ions ta Wateyx surrounding Colloid hos effect on the decay of electosalic Potential. he DA high ionic conconkation compyesser Ihe double layer Llayess composed predominantly of counte,,.ons) +owasds ane suoface of colloid. Sif this layers is sofficiently compressed, then the VAN DER WaAUs force will be [pxedorinant a¢70ss “the enfixe area of infivence. a.Net force ull be athadive and oo enexgy bawriess will exist te Diffosed tayer A ' ay . =) + ¢ hs es ¢ Distance bohoeen youkicle , < Vardar alls PELIPIISIFTEIP ELE PSVAVAVHLLAGVIANAt ‘y\s\eis'\9 bb BOO'D ws's vise ¥ URDU COCO eC Pees ezZ oa nat iwearn Ff ocean, % for example when a toabid siveai tows into the the ionic content of the waher increases dzast \ She and coagulation ond getting Occu%Ss > Eventoatt ys deposits (deltos) ave Tanai -> Adscoption and chaye _Nevutvalisation- > Hexe nature, vother tran ane quantity of the ions +5 of poime in fbr > if ou (aluminivm guipnate) is used es 0 coquiant 2) cotions imme diclely geact. wrth wootes to fosrm a ALE vaviely of aqvemetaltic Jang “arial, bydangen. ie, ai (+3) +420 —saron (42) HO» Ay (43) + 2420 —? Ai(oH)2 G) + 2h G) Al 3) 4 \FH20 —> Alt CoH)i Gy) 4 yan) Al (43 + BHO > Al (ot)3 + 3H" become Poat ions axed founect, 2 “These aquometalic a of the ionic cloud gu sounding dhe colldid. “> They one aaigosbed © onto jhe guface of the cold ojsolise the surface choye- Where +hey “ne > once the surface © poles and the ekdrosakc polential jonic cloud dissi disappeor s0 that contact Occurs feesly, evtsalized » the ho ge hoo been \-Note! In this ovordoding dh coagulant can raul 19 xestabihzing of the ~auspension« & excess quomelaltte iors ave formed a4 Giese 2s “the Bhat qes ane onthe particles become mrovrsed a0 Xu iS . i Ahe she ionic clouds yefosm, with Negative tons being Counter tons Qweep Caguiaton = The last product feorned Fn hydooly sls o alum *5 aluriniom hychroxide AI(oH)s, > tf ig amorphovus > gelatinoes. fiocs that axe heaviey than coate, and settle by grovtly Colletd may become entrapped $n afioc aritis >? - . foamed and settler, rihig poocen by Which colleids are swept from Suspewion | | f Al,{Sos) 5 4 Alfsoy)s a ot : ete nC ere hs \ woe CPlee) a Colloids one enmeshed ts Known oD sweep coagpledion PPPLIIIZIVIIITIIVPAIAA ARRAS ECHR heXS : . Q sae particle Bricing. 7 SQ Laye moteauled may be fowmed chen aluminia ov 5 dissatum dissociale im woler. eq- Alq Coreg » asic salt D5 synthetic polymers moy also used 4Rege here, cohich moy WW fe lineoy oy banched and ame Righty surfoce Feackve. Sor colleids may be attached to one polymer and Gevencit polymer - colloid may become enmeshed and Settle. ge y ion to adso ption foscen, charges on polymer gn dhe caaquiation pred. _> Metallic polymers fumed by addition of aluminion Se calts are posiively Chav ged , while syntherc ox |e polymess may caesy postive ov negative chaxgeo gs may be nevisol- 3 In addi omist -O= 5 - Sospended Polyneed, forticlen steut oe (postive to feck’ and pouticles te Negotvely in jes) gecond faye fos a'ifioc®. Changes “Ploceotand of Floce lesen Shots “Ag\s\s\sls\a'ls bb b'U'U bb bb '0 0 'd deCoggetation Added Sedimentation: Wafer cosypien io Vw > 12 SSAct sh=fl @ 1 = 07 saz < SAN) Coogulation It ts the processia nich We Adld certain chemicals tesmed an coo ulant . ahich nevtvolise the chasge oven sosperclecl powticles and fosms a sticky ppt. certain miaimom enagy ahe chav parvided.. >To nev tralise teamed oo thresdld _enes by indocinig foot raring in coagulation. ie veqeved to be Gcrogplant OMY Dil ferend typen of coagulant which may be used? - 1 Alum- Al, (sou)s.!8 to CHydaated Alominiom Sol phate) peoend ia water and vervikin Alum _seacts with alkatiit : ; of sticky _geletinoys: psec! Pate of atoriiniom mation ! ul rie which aipact fine suspended impuaha is guoface, Ahus gx in size and gets eonly over sotted 19 fotteing sedimentation prc LILPIPIIIIIV TID PPP PW ee e0-0:0-0-0 wnAo iP7 Ye so Alg (80x) + 18H20 43 Ca(Hloz)_, >2A(OH)gY 4 ACaSoy +6 a Cy sticky qelions HIB H20 AIT Ho-> AlCony™” at ALP™ +220 > Al (or), ant Ar’ 41 are > Ab Ha wiation fo Wok w [Nole:: Foo sweep cong high olkatintky 3 hgh rosbid ily: Chor je Nevhatisation. t3n,0 2 AY Cov) N : le ONER ghovld Nove alkatinity ond pH of nore, deaseney A Ores, > by addition of alum, bot 4orbidil and. permanent hascdness ates NAtVIANY 7 iv is 13 not preset in oda ash of alkalinity by lime ov Ss indoced aificially AL (Sou)s # 1BH20 43Ca (0H), > LA\OH)s Y +3 @SOs + 13HL0. (time), Al, (soy) 3. 18120 43Na, 03 —> aai(ots + aNauSeut Blo, +12Ho ; (ecto 8) ( ; na pH 2009 of 65-85 odovs and mica oxqens™ > Alom works > Alum asornoves daste, Colores Jorn woler- f alom depend por jusbiciy anal cologs OF 1 ig deleamine usteg Jon tert: 4o-BO ma/ Wik ~ Does 0 the wotel: and ' > Nowmol dees of Alum is sys" Rb FUL bb Cd CoCo ee errr eSamed her alum is used >Lomje quantily of sludge 's fo nb coagulant: y deny gusight cahich is aif(cevld to de worth and dsy weight of cohich Can be found as -fo\lov? S* phe uct 9 Ala(Gou), \8H:O +B CalH CO’), —F 2AM os amole amole amole. soa Lon) ss 3. 666g" waegt, ee? Use = 9.42 orig” agm “E66 ve _ a squen los gm ew of Calle) = 1gmeq: of los gm eg of bteo),. = avon equrslenk Sigh = OF i Ce 122 ge of cates Cohcontsatin OF Clog = BAB. XS0 = SSA”: 2d 2) Coppevos (Fe Soy.7Heo) [Hidveled Femus Sulphal] 3H also reacts with alkalinily Prerent in wales 2 x x “ne formation of sticky gelatinovs preciplate of Fe Pee eohich attsacts fine sespended impurilicn ovey ae ona (gets eovily settled in seeing peta re E, pels Fesog FLO Co (HCOg)9-—> Fe (NCOs) g-+ Ca SoutheO ‘Felor) py Femrchwrnride seHEIEE a . Gkes, TF times added eorties than Coppara’: Fesoy-tHeO + cao), —? aSoy + FH20 sReapea> ig added eqvlier than Linae. > WF Cobbes aus FeSsoutt.0 + CalHCos)2 —> Fe (C02), + CaSout M20 Fe (WCOs)y + 2Ca(or), —? Fe(on)2 + 2Caces + 240 ee G weld. +02 8+ tment of coloos wate pecawe 3 ris net used” fox tre i sel import colour in eoalet. {te aosmal doep ‘s jo-zom@/iit Bot uk cheaper thor alum: i i 2 of SBs. hence ye is alwooys with time. is compouctivtl REECE eeood edadGY) Chdorinaed Coppesas [fegtSov)a + Fels’) >)F we added chiowine in) coppeses we ger chiosinale dd Copperas: —5 Fegloey) gt PeCs Fe Soy. THO + Cty pur 38°F > ony 8-S” ( Fe cla + cao, —> Fe (ons ¥ + aCe er 35-65 > PH BD Fe (oH) 2 ACoSoy Fe, (soy)3 + calor), > pH OD OME MF gs? & AL coagulaiion sedimentation plant is treating 40 up of WF “Baw Wer neigy soo ma/e in ie somane alum * added to cassy oot coagviaken. Computes OArnvol Quarbey of foo preatment of ‘this wae. GB - volume of sludge prodoced ot Catod) 3», CaCO Amole imole \mole a by Imote of 100% CoO, _ 569 4 mole of caces is indoce Yeo: QI omit of cates “gikatish's 8 Gibdacedt by eB xe = ete Of \eor cao. i i \ 25232 é Bsmait alkatiniy is introdveed bY FEE pao 26 2omyt of 297- pore cad. 6.26% ori x 305 x08 Avastin of go" pore Cade ale 1gde tors MEA youn Ne UWI CCCC Ce eeerYeEs “5 wir of solid set solid tre? Kyoxtok X07 oa = 3uRY 64 9 /oL ce we i | +23 gota * Looe - S gyocye * oe “te! = lookg of slag owl J Kg of solid= 19P-kg of sludge 21332 yey oF os of stvdye Jromed aya = Nolome Of Slode fowmed= ae 2929 oy \g\s oy b'U!£ ya BCaS 04+ HRP 0 Alo (Sey, 18hlg0 + 3:Co(OH,, ——> 2ALLOH, ba Nmole of atom reacts wth Os gm of cates alkotitd OUSXZO = 13-5mM9/UE LARA Boma/e : KOKI AV Kadivd ly of wae all be seduced by = 13.540. - = S40 ky/cloy on Calos hosdnen as Calne J mote of alum gis Bmole gf CoSoy acca — = Sa ‘ca Cog, qr soo pow Ss gm o7 alos g 666 Geiien oof cote rill, be incseaned by ki Zousk gOx4 ox1Or¥lo =~ 2 suosg/aet: Pesmanent @Msodon Alani ote eS) Noy a Na, ALOy + Co/M: eh LIIIIIIIIIIIS IIS > Co/g Aly Oy Cox _S cH =AIkeinttr toa Hos a {aes Nor 0g Heqy ~ > \t does not require alkatiniy Jo be presat in woote} mOveover Temover the hordnen from The wale, walike other (oag ul ant whtich impout the hasdner _> tr removes hasdnen of walt. SS SS AILS.»s ona os i 3 a\te 10 does is (io-z0)mg/tit fet We 3s Costti alom- 2 ANan : +> cheapest coaguient is & aluminate . t Aes freatment Ff baler feed Worer- i D Sui is generally used Anese walter in woes » 3 i works in cobpevas A costiies Se is _eadivm, power plant): pr rope of 6-8 Noe ) Zo \won salts qovk in lage pu songs. £2 yy Ison Sols OFC cheapet then DrSiniews oe, SAE: han oluminvom Alock. one heovier 1 eh ae ee yo, than qluminiom fiock. ose fosmed eos foeatrnent of GA coakes Wd [oon flocs gy Ison flocks enevatty osed 42 dod 33> Aion is SD, ion cait ave vse Fos rrectment of SeOOFE + > woe t 3 we of mon save eaves pig g wba culation 19 = pipes’ | pitting > Covs0sior) ——— Ss poeanedation > NTUHOEE —> — ved! >, Caetosinen of solid) j aE SS 2 To nevtsatige “he charge 6% foo OAC ED combine vived +o be qVven teamed od minimonm enery io weq apveg old eneyy: which is provid ect by Sieg indvcin feaot F094 ime tne process (9 any of the failesing ie : 3 : gourd BEI PE (hoxton urteyg Boon = over s under YPe Lass wane i wes! fe the padicle, amd -formane stcey Pater Ayls\y ls ys tm coagulation ure neutseussQaising VA Mixing Booin Jn mixing josin, Mixing ye induced by generat" dhe huvbolence bien iS Achieved py) bringing the \n the divection of flow of woler Sapid ch ange Baffle wort » —— 3 flncewtoro™ Pan: ASE XK OAV 3 t 7 Horizontal phat SPE i i GyMechanical_ Mixer . Mreavcat nek type: v 4 fey [e is weposted iq ='n thie case iatensily of nieiny jeory of tewnbpiay mean velodly opactent: Lee Sy pehweer pastists? wo Ua nit = m/m/ ee = sea! PPPPPOCVT IVI SOVO90 0.09 PF LAITIPIDIDAgAS WAU NS AstIS SUNOS ssvsvbUUbb Gb dU O60 de eer? eww Ge JCP Ms v) oe AV Ge PPV gy dmension onatys® _f2 oth G=\ a9 Bees Bip =H Bead > Depth jo width watio = 04 > petention fue = 30-60S8ec. >» G? Soe sec > Power svppy Ps 5 Speed shaft SI morse than grnfsee = Vr A eh oH <— i Vy = ws a & 3! (8+ we oT 60 _ ZRNX (ny tp B Vy Eo" Gre ha ft = A-3 wort fo ot 2/3) = 4-3 wast fir aipot Palle isIT Etiocorarion (slow Mixing) Etiocurarian (stow ting) - hb nevtsatise porkete & sticky th each othe So ar +0 floc) which can act tonic. => it isthe process in chic are byDught in contact foom a bigges. size postticte ( eosily settled in me Foitowsing gedimenraton > In osdex to inczecve the opportu hities of pasides to lomeyaie (to combine) 9 Slows meting 13 al indeeéad in his process oe Alpcvlatey” : ae pone nee + |__> 328ank* gfitKhide eo Mowing parameter >= é 4 é é 6 G @ é é @ « @ « e « e Rote of Flecuietion, depens upon fo @ Teabicity. 7 ~ iy MiXin AL (Optenom 320) woe” Chere) iy Type and does of Cong Ror 7 e a 3 slant (Fe, opment does) Alocuiation a poramerr dermed ovr Xt wepserent jhe conjugak en (to combine) oppertorily O° re signifyies no. OF calligon between qne porticies , thereby helps in idenrifying she per of fives foamed, Pee G _THvs & Iaewily of wig aac . ¢ * 4, — time of contort, In nu PaGira x Git = Consiant a is. wat, ty = Dene, emo! @- ee ee Jerse Hock, 4 a O- large tig lock W As dense and large jive gets eoslysetiied 17 seclimersatier tank it 1S octane qo vory the valve of G alone joccd lation tank + : | sechon fosmed in she india’ tthe tenn of f sarge # Night flocs and dense Ffroc > Small of tank Car > Av) combine with formed in later gacton of Ahe gang, (ov ott) 2 rpenult in. the formation of lasges denne-fioc- Hence, Finer SAGor eo 4. eo i epin= 3-35 D . eterno oro mi m= (10-388 of (edate =(o-25)% of the tank one 9, Gt = 20000 - gov foe tom 4 — eStakh firs \x0n galt. Totot AGLAW sNUNUNUONNBNY: YIVEEIOUUUSEEDWIUCCCeS CCL etsCalevlotion of G”, Cremperet_ mean veloci y grodien) ea Be ot & ‘ Mo vile = Ops ta —_@B 8 eo \ Goer, P = fe Ve Vx = Vp> Veo Vp = sod = enn we ED aM oy wo -(85.ta) Closiftoccularov f as ¢ Cy fall these Pc? : Single jank, +hen itis called Chridlocc vl ates twee =e] oP Gg Ouilek FaS) owe caszied Outin PPADIADMDIMIMPDDNMAs*aA nr a aan nana mane° * : am? of woode, @ iiviina yale of sudmears, at ane Fem Bf Ges anaes dann oe ERS pss compote” tne roe -sequivement of the mex for nit. Volume of wala, 8 A fiash fixes is seating peokng jhe ootty pew eu Ao A= OO poise. a = 9 O1KIOT ME. ep ete” WV pe GAY oo Kt'= go wort aerd)” K ooorXl g. A. Filecelaher dank 20% 0N9 5 1am wide, and Am deep is ascating (OMLP of water it is peovided itty 44 shalt oF the “G aepth of ane tank sopportiny 2 pedot each one opposite f° each offer - i of ane pede dais ig WS mn Fe is pedo! osm x12m* com ule w ont ware [time of fleece WW Powe yequiserment of tank: Gio Interwily of mixing() Wpetenin locily of Lodo - aime = uO al on doy = 9.456 Hour eee __BOXIZKA = 10x [OKs toa newt @ fp. V2. coop foe Ar = Bgl n eter z 3961,806 BO = 1961+ 806 Kw Vee oe &) b= 0 aU =e 9 6180 x2 60 2 ices : Wate Sue = GaSe = 40291 Msc. genersee™ oN Cpe (iv Pouser weaver’ (0-3 xR #8 X 42> Po= ree Vine (ee wo) 2 i) y » A 2 2 2? ‘2W Fitisation ~ fillezation is pr Posticle and floc from woouel- > It also vemoves oxganic matters micvd- ogous dissolve sdlid fom wale +> Filteration is canried out inthe onts fi\ter. psocelty Classified intos> Ww Grauily utes Ba Sov fie Uy Pressure filter - vided, fox wemoval Of fine suspertel formed OF e@ in which head seqused by the {rer Maedivm is provided by ane ove the filter mech where ao poovicted by woke => Gravity Fitess ase thes: wate, to loco Aho ugh fi height of water self. ab poessore filter the heod is > in cove of ff peesso7e eves the the external application © oven the FET medium - Mechanian of jilbeation - When woe, pore? thaugh de importtien +aker face by Jjoing mechanigm — Uy Mechanical staining . | 3 When the coal, passess tee ane filter mediom, filter medion removal Of Lok layer Suspen ded solid of size ex than the size of C _-Aiiter mectivmy Jaid of filler medion one SORT (severe foe ne tis gtsained (wre) out Tron pettoreci) inthe -(owmation ‘ fe en peoolti of entrapped imupailies Ov% of te ne Ais medium (mad eye). — PPPPPPPIPPPVIPHOPDTRRRHLHDNN NOON» » » » » » » » >» * >» ~ > » = =, ‘yy sles bbb 0 Ns > Susperded solid of gize smattez than -the e voids fit i ‘ no ve | ds of fille medium oxo Betcuned Over this (ayen\ otto of enboppect impurities as the size of voids ingf this layer is less than the size of the Vers of mediom. (@Secinentakiv ,————— spue to the semoval of dusbulence from the wate? Ove? ane sillex solid J A oves the fom sespe oles. et sete mediv naed = water free Gi) Giorogice! chore (ots 0) Fos the jist fow days eohen th anooyg pe eater pose? rug ThE con mytzdeke_- | aaa file, medium dhe ofp (012-104) faye of filer medion Sposit coated with sticlay A of poured pelecomposition ° ike CoNa P, Sy Aly Feri wie matter) along agin nobients | shot seleme oxygen OM (m9 wabich psemoler the geek of B92 a dane proweymtnor’® ahich 's four urlised by ane ares nism, tO cawy of decomposition of oggenis motet+ in vorich ennve actly Jakes place is deke). OVE % period of time doe by the miewo organic? place wonich olso pedoce firer. xm efficiency of the fitter with a +o the vemova' of opaqonic mule and micro:oug the depend upon the ce ) vn of echmutzdeke ;BPA NY) Bleobalylic Changes (os): he mediom poukicteo Imporikes psescni in the coaler ond the nee Oppositiely chaxgei. hence bec avse of ane ties Faker” place : 4 imp K jnlaaction » Ne Vivalisation of ene! act Rho, cloaing tts which are foother semoved from UeGning procem. LDL Jj354 Constant | Adjustable ~ t | felescopic = A tube i | Filtered i | water well i P Xs ee ee suppl a tinea — ~ Om gravel in voir [AYER (gger sized Main. Outlet for = “seoatiatony’ Sal dain’ gio feds | PHF vise wale from source os from plain Sedimentanon 2) ; only. A8iN cave of Coagulation aided Sffivett leads 40 frequent Checking 6 ils frequent clean which in-dwsn cost Sedimentation, f fille, “Media veauive increase operational medio. <> Depth. of tenk is 25-3.5m. 3 Plan area *qvived ig lo + Doom > Filler medio 05d sand, anthyacil oS os, se > Geovel layer is provided Only 40 sepport the ae “ gakivased corbon y Heokentie, ogres =F pAy\y WAS SSWSAUOEPAEL yyss vb d ddd ddd se SLSSSS oy ‘ ‘ > Dro (effective sixe of qranj= 0 2 OB FFe. if ‘ eS) Gord BAA eney iS completely 5 As Dw is comporcively less, effici move and wale of Jubscstion As Siow , SO is Knownoo _sivo sand {ist Cats bor particle ig 3-5. Cot Deo _ 3-5 Mie 3°5 «+ tomt geed) eee Ke Well gvosed medivom= att size particle. poowey grat medium = Same size pasticte. Medium Oo? Dio - V is the sze Deo - Fs HE cy co CR graded) Core Dip = O12" Deo= Vn, fox poontle ove 607 pasticler ave “jess than (mr) > dep of sand= 90° oem: > Ddeptn of water Ove! gond uedivm ts Kept same ap that of medium > Top ts-Boc™ of sand layer ' of fine vaniely and eee<> Preshly cleaned (let hoo a head lass of lots. jleasion hence height” e oth £4 wohich i 5 En Me ON iNereoriNg clown sel , ; fe x las pe Jobe is adjosted “in: ciccordane ne head toss to Maintain comtant discharge deat ye 4o O68 time “the depth Cats — lalhen head loss become OF Of sand, cleaning is done > fs cach cleaning Jop 1:5 to sem of sand 3S yemovedd and romaining Sorjece ls. sesalpped by _y filker is woohed with clavified cociles & Iker woales is 9 mas/settied coatey bot Mi cient time providedt ig womoved dering a sack aot IIS cucke ch cotlly pert & J again to ysed for fox wag sooth oF A leaning & os 1 Qy-36hs as sof ee ae | maboaly of Fille is 4-to ZBmomh- £ A op Sosjace clearing | apis veflled- dda] 1 | Ls Requency -of cleaning I f. Srtris ckeani ig: hese: > when josm yop lay et dj sane Ss wemove d ei Ae = 2400 - Y8SO dat] ons Dischos4s pyri ren Plan area= Go fixe) RF | Ly ‘ a : ax ork ZONO ev axle da ‘i 4 : a 392 500m = 9.339 ed? = (inn X 33}e0 | > ROF snese fier cre suitable Jo be porvided fox sem ont demand ts (e+ village # communitie hey Joo waa dealer dtdAg\y'Wy Wis WS WNBNS’ svseso 000Gb Od Od dd Olio os Gor stondy by As > vinimom No of Slow Sand filler sequived _ dng hi 1 Operation *] >No. of fillers qoquised depend open aveo of there fille. Aveatr) enot HUES <20 2 (is) 20-249 DB (oar) 240-643 uv (aa) 650-1200 5 (a+) Bake! ecer) Str= isoom> ® [pee NaC) at Dor SA, = JSYO. goom 5 Say 15 we (15004300 PETE 1500 wm? > of feciency of ‘sJow sand i fer fos memoval of paganic maties and MO ig“ QR=997- 4 Foor slow sand ter Contain lessey Avbient hence offer tess oppeetonily fos grothof ion system: Af torbidily of water is Mer +han in frequent chock'99 of lr > EHiver (ear) in dishiboti qhis filles Not used MONTY a> F peoultFobid Sand Rites: => Woskil > As sxe of Me medium ts © sand qiltes (my paris of filer medio eani of RSF {s game on Sef. diom pavticle is componatively bigget omporrak ely poorly graded than slow " porities axe able 10 penesate in lowes, ' Late + ‘ alone is not Soffictert in this Cave " ‘ Hence svrare el y ° son anied” by Packs 2000 4 ‘ BS Bei ‘execorn Pi G Dur opesakon valy Settled woler is fed qnd {ilFeed, water 2 ig collected thay Valve nord. ‘ e104 8 4 axe openat aberpin ! into the filler thvough valve no. af iti: te Th tn i te ts