SYNTEX

SYNTAX
1. CHAR: CHAR(SIZE)
2. VARCHAR: VARCHAR(SIZE)
3. VARCHAR2: VVARCHAR2(SIZE)
4. NUMBER: NUMBER(precision, [SCALE])
5. PROJECTION: SELECT */[DISTINCT] COLUMN_NAME/EXPRESSION[ALIAS] FROM
TABLE_NAME;
6. SLECTION: SELECT */[DISTINCT] COLUMN_NAME/EXPRESSION[ALIAS]
FROM TABLE_NAME
WHERE <FILTER_CONDITION>;
7. IN: COLUMN_NAME/EXPRESSION IN (V1, V2, ….., Vn )
8. NOT IN: COLUMN_NAME/EXPRESSION(V1, V2, ….. , Vn)
9. BETWEEN: Column_Name BETWEEN Lower_Range AND Higher_Range ;
10. NOT BETWEEN: Column_Name NOT BETWEEN Lower_Range AND Higher_Range ;
11. IS: Column_Name IS NULL
12. IS NOT: Column_Name IS NULL
13. LIKE: Column_Name LIKE 'pattern' ;
14. NOT LIKE: Column_Name NOT LIKE 'pattern' ;
15. GROUP_BY CLAUSE: SELECT GROUP_BY_EXPRESSION/GROUP_FUNCTION
FROM TABLE NAME
[WHERE <FILTER_CONDITION>]
GROUP BY COLUMN_NAME/EXPRESSION;

16. HAVING CLAUSE: SELECT GROUP_BY_EXPRESSION/GROUP_FUNCTION

FROM TABLE_NAME
[WHERE <FILTER_CONDITION>]
GROUP BY COLUMN_NAME/EXPRESSION;
HAVING <GROUP_FILTER_CONDITION>

17. CROSS JOIN: SELECT COLUMN_NAME

FROM TABLE_NAME1 CROSS JOIN TABLE_NAME2 ;

18. INNER JOIN: SELECT COLUMN_NAME

FROM TABLE_NAME1 INNER JOIN TABLE_NAME2
ON <JOIN_CONDITION>;

19. LEFT OUTER JOIN: SELECT COLUMN_NAME

FROM TABLE_NAME1 LEFT [OUTER] JOIN TABLE_NAME2
ON <JOIN_CONDITION>;

20. RIGHT OUTER JIOIN: SELECT COLUMN_NAME

FROM TABLE_NAME1 RIGHT [OUTER] JOIN TABLE_NAME2
ON <JOIN_CONDITION>
 SYNTEX
21. FULL OUTER JOIN: SELECT COLUMN_NAME
FROM TABLE_NAME1 FULL [OUTER] JOIN TABLE_NAME2
ON <JOIN_CONDITION>

22. SELF JOIN: SELECT COLUMN_NAME

FROM TABLE_NAME1 JOIN TABLE_NAME2
ON<JOIN_CONDITION>;

23. NATURAL JOIN: SELECT COL_NAME

FROM TABLE_NAME1 NATURAL JOIN TABLE_NAME2;

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*

SINGLE ROW FUNCTION

24. LENGTH: LENTGH(‘STRING’)
25. CONCAT: CONCAT (‘STRING1’, ‘STRING2’)
26. UPPER: UPPER (‘STRING’)
27. LOWER: LOWER (‘string’)
28. INITCAP: INITCAP(‘string’)
29. REVERSE: REVERSE(‘string’)
30. SUBSTR: SUBSTR (‘orignal_string’, POSITION, [ length])
31. REPLACE: REPLACE(‘orignal_string’,’string,[‘New_string’])
32. INSTR: INSTR (‘ORIGNAL_STR’,’STRING’, POSITION, [OCCURANCE])
33. MOD: MOD (M, N)
34. ROUND (NUMBER, [SCALE])
35. TRUNC: TRUNC(NUMBER, [SCALE])
36. MONTHS BETWEEN: MONTHS_BETWEEN(DATE1,DATE2)
37. LAST DAY: LAST_DAY(DATE)
38. TO CHAR: TO_CHAR(DATE, ‘format_models’)
39. NVL: NVL(Argument,argument)

SYNTEX FOR TABLE CREATION (DDL)

40. CREATE TABLE Table_name
(
Column_name1 datatype constraint_type,
Column_name2 datatype constraint_type,
Co,umn_name3 datatype constraint_type,
.
Column_nameN datatype constraint_type
);
41. RENAME: RENAME table_name to new_name;
 SYNTEX
42. ALTER: ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD column_name datatype constraint_type;

TO DELETE: ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME

DROP COLUMN COLUMN_NAME;

TO MODIFY: ALTER TABLE Table_Name

MODIFY COLUMN_NAME New_Datatype;

43. TRUNCATE: TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

44. DROP: DROP TABLE table_name;
DML
45. INSERT: INSERT INTO table_name VALUES(v1 , v2 ,v3……….);
46. UPDATE: UPDATE column_name
SET COL+NAME=VALUE , COL_NAME=VALUE,,,,,,
[WHERE STMT];
47. DELETE: DELETE FROM table_name
[WHERE stmt];

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TCL
48. COMMIT;
49. ROLLBACK;
50. SAVEPOINT savepoint_Name;

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DCL
51. GRANT: GRANT SQL_STATEMENT
ON TABLE_NAME
TO USER_NAME

52. REVOKE: REVOKE SQL_STATEMENT

ON TABLE_NAME
FROM USER_NAME;
SYNTEX