Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS NORTE

General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Chemical and Structural
Formula of a Compound

MELC: Represent compounds using chemical formula,

structural formulas and models
(K TO 12 BEC CG: STEM_GC11AMlc-e-21)

Prepared by:

JESUSA Y. AURELLANO
Teacher I
Wilbur C. Go National High School
General Chemistry 1
Share-A-Resource-Program
Quarter 1 – Module 6: Chemical and Structural Formula of a Compound
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jesusa Y. Aurellano
Editors: Sherwin Jay P. Palaspas
Marissa G. Areola
Reviewers: Rajah Adib G. Reyes
Jerry G. Tabrilla
Ursino C. Pascua
Management Team: Joann A. Corpuz EdD, CESO V
Joye D. Madalipay EdD
Santiago L. Baoec EdD
Jenetrix T. Tumaneng
Jerry G. Tabrilla EdD
Ursino C. Pascua

Division Design & Layout Artist: Jann Mark P. Sinang

Printed in the Philippines by ______________________________

Schools Division of Ilocos Norte
Office Address: Brgy. 7B, Giron Street, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Telefax: (077) 771-0960
Telephone No.: (077) 770-5963, (077) 600-2605
E-mail Address: ilocos.norte@deped.gov.ph
 12
General
Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Chemical and Structural
Formula of a Compound
Introductory Message
This Contextualized Learning Module (CLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson with ease.

This CLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test is provided to measure your prior knowledge on the lesson. This will
show you if you need to proceed in completing this module or if you need to ask your
facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the
end of this module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning.
Answer keys are provided for all activities and tests. We trust that you will be honest
in using them.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher is also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you in your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this CLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests.
Likewise, read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any question in using this CLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the Chemical and Structural Formula of a Compound. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module focused on the Chemical and Structural Formula of a Compound

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Draw the bonding arrangement of atoms within molecules using

structural formulas.
2. Identify ball stick models of compounds.
3. Write the chemical formula of compounds.

What I Know
This part of the module is a pre-assessment activity that allows your teacher
to determine your strengths, weaknesses, knowledge and skills about chemical and
structural formula of a compound. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper and submit a copy of it to your subject
teacher.
1. A way to show the number and type of elements (atoms) in a molecule
or compound with a combination of symbols and numbers.
a. Coefficient c. Molecule
b. Chemical formula d. Chemical change
2. What is the correct name and formula of the figure shown below?

a. C3H8, butane c.C3H8 propane

1
 b. C3H6 pentane d. C3H8, ethane

3. What is the correct formula of the figure shown below?

a. C6H14 c. C6H12
b. C6H10 d. C4H16

4. The small number that is written below the symbol and shows how many
atoms of each element is present.
a. Compound c. Molecule
b. Coefficient d. Subscript
5. How many oxygen in dinitrogen tetraoxide N 2O4
a. 2 c. 5
b. 4 d. 6

Lesson Chemical and Structural

6 Formula of a Compound
We encounter chemical substances and compounds everyday. The substances
under the kitchen sink that we use to clean our houses as well as those that are staples
in our medicine cabinet are made up of chemical substances. These chemicals are
made up of a fixed proportion of atoms, and these atoms are arranged in a certain
way. In order to figure out what these proportions are and how they are arranged for
any given substance, we need to know the chemical formula and structural formula
of the substance or compound. So let’s find out more about this…

What’s In

Before you proceed with the next lesson, recall your previous knowledge on
the different common names of compounds Band their corresponding formulas.
Match items from column A to column B. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper and submit a copy of it to your subject teacher

2
.
Column A Column B
1. Baking Soda (B) a. CaCO3
2. Bleaching Powder (d) b. NaHCO3
3. Chalk (a) c. CCl2F2
4. Freon © d. CaOCl2
5. Dry ice e. CO2(s)

Note the Teachers

The teacher must consider the prerequisite skills needed in
the development of this competency including the schema or
background knowledge which may reinforce learning. This module
will help the learners bridge the gap of learning to attain mastery
of the lesson in its spiral progression.

What is New

Directions: Give a simple descriptions and differentiate the following figure shown below. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper and submit a copy of it to your subject teacher.

NH3

Figure A Figure B Figure C

3
 What is It

Representations of Compounds

A. Chemical Formula
A compound is a substance made up of a definite proportion of two or more
elements. A chemical formula tells us the number of atoms of each element in a
compound. It contains the symbols of the atoms of the elements present in the
compound as well as how many there are for each element in the form of subscripts.
Examples of chemical formula of substances at home are shown below.

Each chemical substance has a specific chemical composition, so these chemical

substances have their own chemical formula. Let's take a look at the chemical formula
of sucrose: there are 12 carbon (C) atoms, 22 hydrogen (H) atoms and 11 oxygen (O)
atoms.

There are different ways to represent compound aside from the chemical
formulas which include: molecular, empirical formulas. The molecular formula is
based on the actual makeup of the compound. Empirical formulas show the number
of atoms of each element in a compound in the most simplified state using whole
numbers.

Example: H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide - Molecular formula

HO – empirical formula

B. Structural Formula

A compound is a substance which is made up of two or more atoms joined

together by a chemical bond. A structural formula displays the atoms of the molecule
in the order they are bonded. It also depicts how the atoms are bonded to one another,
for example single, double, and triple covalent bond. Covalent bonds are shown using
lines. The number of dashes indicate whether the bond is a single, double, or triple
covalent bond. Structural formulas are helpful because they explain the properties and

4
structure of the compound which empirical and molecular formulas cannot always
represent. Example of this is Carbon tetrachloride.

+
Carbon chloride carbon tetrachloride

Here are the structural formulas of ethane, propane and ethanol. The molecular formulas of
each are reflected below the structural formulas.

a. Condensed Structural Formula

Condensed structural formulas show the order of atoms like a structural

formula but are written in a single line to save space and make it more convenient
and faster to write out. Condensed structural formulas are also helpful when showing
that a group of atoms is connected to a single atom in a compound. When this
happens, parenthesis are used around the group of atoms to show they are together.

Write the atoms of the longest chain horizontally in the order in which they are
connected.
You may combine repeating horizontal units in subscripted parentheses.

Ex. Condensed Structural Formula for Ethanol: CH3CH2OH

C. Ball and stick model

The ball-and-stick model is a molecular model of a chemical

substance which is to display both the three-dimensional position of the atoms and
the bonds between them. The atoms are typically represented by spheres, connected
by rods which represent the bonds. Double and triple bonds are usually represented
by two or three curved rods, respectively. In a good model, the angles between the

5
rods should be the same as the angles between the bonds, and the distances between
the centers of the spheres should be proportional to the distances between the
corresponding atomic nuclei. The chemical element of each atom is often indicated by
the sphere's color.
Examples:

What’s More

This part of the module will strengthen your understanding and skills of the topic. Do
as directed. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper and submit a copy of it to
your subject teacher.

Write the chemical formula and draw the structural formula and ball stick model of
the following

Chemical Formula Structural formula Condensed Ball and stick

structural model
formula

Hint: Single bond,

Trigonal planar,
1200 bond angle

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 C7H16

H2S Hint: Single bond

with bent shape,
slightly less than
1200 bond angle

What I Have Learned

Directions: Fill in the table and complete the following phrases to generalize the
things you have learned about the topic. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper and submit a copy of it to your subject teacher.

Terms 3 things you have learned 2 things I found interesting

Chemical
Formula
Structural
Formula

Ball and
Stick Model

What I Can Do

Directions: Look for three products found at home. Identify 1 chemical compound on
its label then determine its equivalent chemical formula, structural formula, as well

7
as uses. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper and submit a copy of it to
your subject teacher.

Assessment
This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery. Write the
letter of the BEST answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper and
submit a copy of it to your subject teacher.

1. What is the correct line-bond structural formula for the compound shown
below? (The black dots are bonding electrons between the atoms and the red
dots are nonbonding electrons.) Hint: Since this is an organic compound,
nonbonding electrons are, in general, not shown in the line-bond structural
formula

a. c.

b. d.
2. Which of the following is the structural formula of C5H12?

a. b.

c. d.

3. How many oxygen atoms are in this chemical formula Fe2O3?

c. 6 oxygen c. 4 oxygen
d. 3 oxygen d. 2 oxygen

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 4. How many elements are there in C6H12O6?
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
5. How many O's are in Al₂(SO₄)₃
a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d. 12

Additional Activities
Short essay: Write an essay stating the importance of studying the chemical
formulas of substances.

9
Answer Key

What I Know
D 5. 1 .b
B 4.
B 3. 2. c

3. a
D 2.
B 1.
4. d
Assessment
5. b

10
References

Cervantes, Charry Vida R. et. al (2016) General Chemistry 1 for Senior High
School.Philippines: Lorimar Publishing Inc.

Bayquien Aristea V. Chemistry. Exploring LifeThrough Science, 2nd Ed.

Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. 2012
Padolina Maria Cristina D. , Alumaga Ma. Jessica B., Antero Echel Simon,
and Estanilla Loida C. (2004). Conceptual and Functional Chemistry
(Modular Approach). Phillipines: Vibal Publishing House Inc.
Internet
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-chemical-formula-definition-types-
examples.html#:~:text=The%20different%20types%20of%20chemical%20formulas%20all%20show%
20the%20elements,present%20in%20a%20chemical%20compound.&text=The%20structural%20for
mula%2C%20shows%20the,are%20bonded%20to%20each%20other.
https://www.conejousd.org/Portals/49/Departments/Science/Cord%202015/Ch%208%20and%209
%20Covalent/H%20worsheets%20and%20sg%20key%202018.pdf?ver=2017-12-08-144619-400
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_A_Molecular_Approach_(Tro
)/03%3A_Molecules_Compounds_and_Chemical_Equations/3.03%3A_Representing_Compounds-
_Chemical_Formulas_and_Molecular_Models
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball-and-stick_model
https://scilearn.sydney.edu.au/fychemistry/tutorial_assignments/chem1002/ws1.pdf

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For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division of Ilocos Norte – Curriculum Implementation Division

Learning Resource Management Section (SDOIN-CID LRMS)

Office Address: Brgy. 7B, Giron Street, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Telefax: (077) 771-0960
Telephone No.: (077) 770-5963, (077) 600-2605
E-mail Address: ilocosnorte@deped.gov.ph

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