Chapter 2

Need Analysis Tools

Instructor: Dr. PHAN THỊ MAI HÀ

09 / 2021
 Need analysis tools
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Need analysis
2.3 Need analysis tools

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 2

Introduction Operation Analysis Function
Introduction Needanalysis
analysis Feasible analysis Validation Stakeholder
Need analysis tools Ana.

1. Introduction

Object???
Method/ Process??

Need analysis

..................

Result???

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 3

 Introduction Need analysis Need analysis tools

1. Introduction
Need analysis:
Create conditions for a new system;
Proven feasibility of meeting needs at acceptable costs and
risks
Not follow in a specific structure or time
Answer the questions;
Why do we need a new system?
What capabilities does the new system represent?
How can that capability be guaranteed?

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 4

 Introduction Need analysis Need analysis tools

1. Introduction
The starting point of the need:
Two directions of need:
Demand-driven system;
For example, the vehicle
is subject to emission
control according to the

technology oriented system new standard

Deficiency in Operation
operation requirement

Need analysis

New
technology New system
opportunities

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 5

 Introduction Need analysis Need analysis tools

2. Need analysis
Need
Want
Demand

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 6

 Introduction Need analysis Need analysis tools

Need
Marlow’s hierarchy

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 7

 Introduction Need analysis Need analysis tools

Need
Business needs
Customer request

Social need Market demand

Needs and demands

Technological advance
Legal requirement

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 8

 Introduction Need analysis Need analysis tools

Need analysis
NEED – WANT – DEMAND
Needs analysis is defined as a formal process focus on how a
product addresses the needs of a human (Leo Sun, 2015)
Need analysis is the process of identifying and evaluating needs
in a community or other defined population of people.
The identification of needs is a process of describing
“problems” of a target population and possible solutions to these
problems.
Need analysis focuses on the future, or what should be done
rather than on what was done as is the focus of most program
evaluations.
SE – C2: Need analysis tools 9
 Introduction Need analysis Need analysis tools

Need analysis method

Need analysis process involves 5 steps (McKillip, 1998):

Define
audience and
purpose

Description of
Communicate
the object and
results
environment

Need
assessment Identify needs

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 10

 Introduction Need analysis Need analysis tools

Need analysis process – McKillip

Identify the audience and purposes for the analysis

User reports: who will take actions on the basis of the needs
analysis report.
Purpose: understanding the intended use will help focus on
the problems and solutions to the need to be analyzed.

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 11

 Introduction Need analysis Need analysis tools

Need analysis process – McKillip

Describe the target population and service environment

Three levels of target audience and corresponding needs
(Altschuld, 2000).
Primary: the audience directly receiving the
product/service;
Secondary: Audiences providing products/services;
Tertiary: suppliers and solution support
Needs analysis focuses on Primary??

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 12

 Introduction Need analysis Need analysis tools

Need analysis process – McKillip

Need identification
Needs are identified in detail and possible solutions are
proposed.
3 methods to determine need of McKillip (1987).
Difference: compare expectations with results received;
Bad outcomes: the problem is the risk of bad outcomes
happening;
Maintenance needs: existing products/services will be
changed.

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 13

 Introduction Need analysis Need analysis tools

Need analysis process – McKillip

Need identification - Bradshaw
Normative needs: Expectations based on expert
determination of demand, performance and service levels;
Felt needs: Expectations of target group members to have
distinct outcomes;
Expressed needs: Expectations are based on the behavior of
many target audiences and are determined by the users of the
product/service;;
Comparative needs: expectations based on the audience's
performance relative to the target audience.
SE – C2: Need analysis tools 14
 Introduction Need analysis Need analysis tools

Need analysis process – McKillip

Need identification
Solution: 3 criteria to evaluate the solution (McKillip, 1987)
Cost
Effect
Feasible implementation

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 15

 Introduction Need analysis Need analysis tools

Need analysis process – McKillip

Needs assessment
Assess identified needs;
Answer the following questions:
Which need is the most important?;
What needs conflict with each other?;
Is there agreement among target groups on the relevance
and importance of the needs?.

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 16

 Introduction Need analysis Need analysis tools

Need analysis process – McKillip

Communicate results
The final need to be communicated to all stakeholders in the
design process was identified in step 1;
Ensure that stakeholders clearly understand and properly
understand the needs.

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 17

 Introduction Need analysis Need analysis tools

Teamwork – The truth about listening

Read following statements, circle the response you 3. Florida State studies show that, within eight hours,
people
know is true or believe is true.
a) Forget everything they heard
1. University of Michigan studies show that after b) Forget one-third to one-half of what they heard
two months, people c) Forget three-quarters of what they heard
a) Remember only a tenth of what they heard d) Forget nearly everything they heard
4. Scientists say our brains can process words at a speed
b) Remember a quarter of what they heard of
c) Remember half of what they heard a) 1000 words a minute
b) 800 words a minute
d) Remember none of what they heard
c) 500 words a minute
2. They also show that immediately after listening to d) 250 words a minute
someone, people 5. University of Michigan studies show that we spend the
a) Remember everything they heard following percentage of our daily communication
time in listening
b) Remember most of what they heard a) 85 percent
c) Remember half of what they heard b) 45 percent
c) 25 percent
d) Remember little of what they heard
d) 15 percent
SE – C2: Need analysis tools ❖ 18
 Introduction Need analysis Need analysis tools

Teamwork– Voice of customer

“The truth about listening”
Share with your team members about a dish you enjoyed
10 mins
Food
Place to enjoy the food- time of eating
The reason or the object or the circumstances leading to the enjoyment of
the food
How to present the dish
Detailed description of ingredients in the dish
Feelings about the food

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 19

Introduction Operation Analysis Function
Introduction Needanalysis
analysis Feasible analysis Validation Stakeholder
Need analysis tools Ana.

3. Need analysis tools

Need analysis tools

Present
Affinity diagram – Team 1
What is it?
Force-field analysis – Team 2
Fishbone diagram – Team 3 What do it be used for?
Pugh chart – Team 4 How do it use?
QFD (Quality Deployment Give example
Function) – Team 5, 9
Functional decomposition –
Team 6, 10
Surveys – Team 7, 11
Interview – Team 8, 12

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 20

 Introduction Need analysis Need analysis tools

3. Need analysis tools

Observation Questionnaires

Focus Documentation
Interviews Groups

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 21

Introduction Operation Analysis Function
Introduction Needanalysis
analysis Feasible analysis Validation Stakeholder
Need analysis tools Ana.

3. Need analysis tools

Techniques Good for Kind of data Advantage Disadvantage
Questionnaires Answering Quantitative Can reach many people Design is crucial and
specific and with low resource response rate may be
questions qualitative data low. Responses may
not be useful
Interviews Exploring Some Interviewer can guide Time consuming.
issues quantitative interviewee if necessary. Artificial environment
but mostly Encourages contact may intimidate
qualitative between developers and interviewee
data users.
Studying Learning Quantitative No time commitment Day-to-day working
documentation about from users required will differ from
procedures, documented
regulations procedures
and
standards

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 22

 Introduction Need analysis Need analysis tools

3. Need analysis tools

Techniques Good for Kind of data Advantage Disadvantage
Focus groups Collecting Some Highlights areas of Possibility of dominant
and multiple quantitative consensus and characters
workshops viewpoints but mostly conflict.
qualitative Encourages contact
data between developers
and
users
Naturalistic Understanding Qualitative Observing actual work Very time consuming.
observation context of user gives insights that Huge amounts of
activity other data.
techniques can’t give

SE – C2: Need analysis tools 23