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3.1. The Electrical Work Standards and Regulations 3.2. Deign Procedure 3.3. Electrical Motor Installation and Control 3.4. Electrical Drawing
3.1. The Electrical Work Standards and Regulations 3.2. Deign Procedure 3.3. Electrical Motor Installation and Control 3.4. Electrical Drawing
(B)
In
Iz =
Cg ∗Cf ∗Ci
Procedures of designing cont..
b) If the cable first runs grouped with, then leave the
group and runs in high ambient temperature, and finally
enclosed in thermal insulation, three conditions, each
affecting the cable in different areas.
▪ The Bs 3036 fuse affects the whole cable run and
therefore Cf must be used, but there is no need to
apply all of the remaining factors as the worse one
will automatically compensate for others.
In
Iz =
Ci ∗Cf
Procedures of designing cont..
c) In the figure below: combination of cases a and b is
considered.
▪ The effect of grouping and ambient temperature is
0.7 x 0.97 = 0.69. The factor for thermal insulation is
still worse than this combination, and therefore Ci is
the only one to be used.
When P (power) V =
2𝜎LP
V=
𝜎LP
AV AV
is known
Variable load
➢ All connected loads to a distribution center may
not function simultaneously.
➢ For example, a residential building service cable
may have to supply the lighting system, socket
outlets and air conditioners and we don’t switch on
all lighting in our residential building at the same
time.
➢ In order to select cable size there are rules for
different applications which are available on
standards.
Cable size selection for Variable or Distribution Centers cont..
i) Demand factor and diversity factor method
➢ Demand factor is the ratio of the maximum demand
of a system, or part of a system, to the total connected
load on the system, or part of the system under
consideration.
➢ “Demand factor” is a percentage by which the total
connected load on a service or feeder is multiplied to
determine the greatest probable load that the feeder
will be called upon to carry. It is always less than one.
➢ Diversity factor is the ratio of the sum of the
individual maximum demands of the various
subdivisions of a system, or part of a system, to the
maximum demand of the whole system, or part of the
system, under consideration.it is usually more than
one.
Cable size selection for Variable or Distribution Centers cont..
➢ The sum of the connected loads supplied by a feeder-
circuit can be multiplied by the demand factor to
determine the load used to size the components of the
system.
➢ The sum of the maximum demand loads for two or
more feeders is divided by the diversity factor for the
feeders to derive the maximum demand load.
➢ Demand factor allows to reduce the demand on
various equipment for feeders and services due to
intermittent, periodic, short-time, or varying duty
operation.
➢With the application of demand factors, smaller
components can be utilized in the electrical system
and greater savings can be passed on to the consumer.
➢The maximum demand can be determined by the
total connected load in the consumer premises and
knowledge of their operating schedule or demand
factor.
➢ 2011 NEC Articles 210.19(A)(1) and 215.2(A)(1)
require the branch circuit and feeder conductors to
have an ampacity not less than the sum of 100% of the
non continuous load plus 125% of the continuous
load. Continuous load is defined in the 2011 NEC 100
as "A load where the maximum current is expected to
continue for three hours or more.
Cable size selection for Variable or Distribution Centers cont..
ii) Method of operation schedule knowledge of
connected loads
➢ In this method, estimation of maximum load is
determined based on the knowledge of operation
schedule of the connected loads which are all
assumed known.
iii) Premises total area method
➢ In this method, the design rating for a particular
application in a premises depends on the total area
of the particular area of the premises.
➢ According to EBCS-10, recommended power per
unit area of the different parts of a premises such as
schools, hospitals, stores, etc. is estimated and
provided in table. Refer to EBCS-10 Section 6 pp
150 to 156
EX:
1. Calculate the size of transformer having following
details: