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DRA-C8396-PCP-002-Milling and Classification Rev B
DRA-C8396-PCP-002-Milling and Classification Rev B
APPROVAL
REVISION RECORD
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
Table of Contents
1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................................
1.1 Documentation flow.........................................................................................................
1.2 SCADA programming instructions...................................................................................
1.2.1 Process interlocks.....................................................................................................5
1.2.2 Safety interlocks.......................................................................................................5
1.2.3 Maintenance mode...................................................................................................6
2 Milling and Classification Circuit..............................................................................................................
2.1 C8396-PID-0201..............................................................................................................
2.1.1 Primary Mill / SAG Mill (ML-0154)............................................................................7
2.2 C8396-PID-0211............................................................................................................13
2.2.1 Primary Mill Fixed Side Lubrication........................................................................13
2.3 C8396-PID-0212............................................................................................................13
2.3.1 Primary Mill Floating Side Lubrication....................................................................13
2.4 C8396-PID-0213............................................................................................................13
2.4.1 Primary Mill Motor...................................................................................................13
2.5 C8396-PID-0221............................................................................................................14
2.5.1 Secondary Ball Mill (ML-0330)................................................................................14
2.6 C8396-PID-0222............................................................................................................18
2.6.1 Secondary Mill Discharge Sump (TK-0344)...........................................................18
2.6.2 Secondary Mill Discharge Pumps (PP-0350/2)......................................................19
2.6.3 Cyclone Cluster Feed Density (DT-0350)...............................................................24
2.7 C8396-PID-0223............................................................................................................25
2.7.1 Cyclone Cluster (CL-0296).....................................................................................25
2.8 C8396-PID-0224............................................................................................................27
2.8.1 Secondary Milling Spillage Pumps (PP-0354/6).....................................................27
2.9 C8396-PID-0231............................................................................................................28
2.9.1 Secondary Mill Fixed Side Lubrication....................................................................28
2.10 C8396-PID-0232............................................................................................................28
2.10.1 Secondary Mill Floating Side Lubrication................................................................28
2.11 C8396-PID-0233............................................................................................................28
2.11.1 Secondary Mill Motor..............................................................................................28
2.12 C8396-PID-0241............................................................................................................28
2.12.1 Pebble Recycle Conveyor (CV-0180).....................................................................28
2.12.2 Pebble Crusher (CR-0194).....................................................................................30
2.13 C8396-PID-0251............................................................................................................30
2.13.1 Pebble Crusher Lubrication....................................................................................30
2.14 C8396-PID-0261............................................................................................................30
2.14.1 Gravity Scalping Screen No 1 (SR-0466)...............................................................30
2.14.2 Gravity Concentrator No 1 (GS-0474)....................................................................33
2.14.3 Gravity Scalping Screen No 2 (SR-1502)...............................................................36
2.14.4 Gravity Concentrator No 2 (GS-0476)....................................................................38
3 APPENDIX.................................................................................................................................................42
List of Tables
1 Introduction
Documentation flow of the project is as follows. (All these documents must be read in conjunction
with this document):
Alarms on computer control system will only be for critical items and indicate the exact problem
(indicated in RED). Other alarms caused by main alarm must just be notes (indicated in
YELLOW). The alarm page must however include a record of all the alarms.
The control functions and modes are broken into the following sections:
Process interlocks will be used to indicate that all process conditions when running in a specific
direction are healthy for safe operation of a drive in question. Process interlocks are only relevant
while the control mode is in interlock mode. The field start pushbuttons are disabled, but the field
stop pushbutton is enabled.
Safety interlocks will be used and will never be disabled in any mode and will stop the drive when
running. Safety interlocks are relevant in both control modes.
Maintenance mode will be installed for maintenance purposes only. In maintenance mode all
process interlocks are disabled. All safety interlocks, maintenance interlocks and start-up
interlocks are enabled. When pressing the field start request button, an area siren will sound and
the drive will be enabled to start when the start window is active. After the motor has been running
in maintenance mode for a time exceeding the maintenance time set point, the control mode will
automatically change back to interlock mode. If the interlock of the drive is not healthy, the drive
will trip, preventing drives being run in maintenance mode for extended periods. The motor tag
indicator located next to the motor symbol will indicate that the motor is in maintenance mode by
changing its fill colour to yellow. While the motor is running, the operator can change the control
mode and provided that there is no fault within the newly selected mode the drive will keep on
running. The valve tag indicator located next to the valve symbol will indicate that the valve is in
maintenance mode by changing its fill colour to yellow. Valve positions can only be changed from
the SCADA when in maintenance mode. While in maintenance mode the operator has full control
functions from the field control stations.
2.1 C8396-PID-0201
Material enters the milling and classification circuit via the mill feed conveyor (CV-0112), which is
fed either directly from the jaw crusher (CR-0014) or from the crushed ore stockpile via an apron
feeder. Feed material as well as process water enter the primary SAG mill (ML-0154) at the feed
hopper (ZA-0140). Primary SAG mill scats is discharged onto the scats conveyor (CV-0180) which
is discharged either directly back to the mill feed conveyor (CV-0112), discharged through a pebble
cone crusher (CR-0194) to the mill feed conveyor, or discharged into a scats bunker (BN-0138).
Primary Sag Mill Trommel screen underflow discharges into the secondary mill discharge sump
(TK-0344).
SAG mill inlet water addition is calculated with the following formulas and parameters:
Depending on the route selection of the SAG mill scats, the process water addition control block
will have different set points:
OPTION 1: Mill inlet water set point is calculated with fresh feed and scats recirculation.
OPTION 2: Mill inlet water set point is based on fresh feed only.
F= AB ( 1−D
D )
− A (1−B)
Please note that all Start Interlocks marked with ** will switch form a Start Interlock to an ALARM
conditions when the mill is running.
2.2 C8396-PID-0211
2.3 C8396-PID-0212
2.4 C8396-PID-0213
2.5 C8396-PID-0221
The Secondary Ball Mill (ML-0330) is in a closed-circuit with a discharge sump (TK-0344) and
pumps (PP-0350/2); hydro cyclones (CL-0296) and two gravity concentrators (GS-0474/6) with
vibrating scalping screens (SR-0466/1502). The hydro cyclone’s underflow is split into three
streams, of which two passes over sizing screens and the other directly back to the secondary mill
feed box. Both sizing screens overflow directly back to the secondary mill whilst the underflow
passes through two gravity concentrators before the gravity tails returns to the secondary mill.
Gravity concentrates are fed to the Intensive Leach Reactor (ILR). Steel balls are added into the
mill feed hopper by means of a ball loading magnetic hoist (EM-1460) and ball loading kibble (ZA-
0280). No water is added into the secondary mill feed hopper as the cyclone underflow is diluted
before reporting to the gravity concentrators, after which no density correction is needed for
secondary mill feed conditions.
2.6 C8396-PID-0222
Primary SAG mill discharge (ML-0154), secondary ball mill discharge (ML-0330), ILR tails (PP-
0502), ILR spillage (PP-0504), Gold room spillage (PP-1038), and secondary mill sump spillage
pumps (PP-0354/6) is fed into the secondary mill discharge sump (TK-0344). Slurry in the
discharge sump is pumped to the hydro cyclones (CL-0296), of which the overflow is sent to the
pre-leach thickener (TH-0548) and the underflow is processed in the gravity concentrators (GS-
0474/6) and secondary mill.
The discharge sump level is controlled by the variable speed drives on the discharge pumps (PP-
0354/6).
The mill discharge stream is pumped to the Cyclone Cluster (CL-0296). The duty pump must be
selected from the SCADA, after which the second pump is then automatically selected as the
standby unit.
Open Standby
Open Suction Drain
Pump Suction XV-0352B
XV-0352B = “Open”
Drain
Close Standby Close GSW Valve
XVS-0352
GSW Valve XVS-0352
Standby Pump Leave in full manual control.
XV-0352C
Flush Valve Operator decision to “Open” or “Close”
Discharge Drain Leave in full manual control.
XV-0350E
Valve Operator decision to “Open” or “Close”
The cyclone cluster (CL-0296) is fed from either one of the secondary mill discharge pumps (PP-
0350/2) via a densitometer (DT-0350) and flow meter (FT-0350) at a controlled feed density. Flow
meter (FT-0350) will be used for accounting purposes only and will not perform any control
function, whilst the densitometer (DT-0350) will be used to control the process water addition to the
secondary mill discharge sump (TK-0344) delivering the required density to the cyclones. The
process water added to the discharge sump is measured via a flow meter (FT-0344) and controlled
to the desired flow rate by the action of a flow control valve (FV-0344). Flow meter (FT-0344) will
be used for accounting purposes only and will not perform any control function. This control loop is
also a secondary control to LT-0344 and must be disregarded on high-high and low-low levels.
2.7 C8396-PID-0223
Slurry from secondary mill discharge sump (TK-0344) is pumped to a set of 16 hydro-cyclones
(CL-0296). The design is based on a 14 running and 2 standby operation. The cyclone overflow
gravitates to a trash removal screen (SR-0524), whilst the underflow accumulates in a vendor
supplied underflow box from where it can be routed to both gravity concentrators (GS-0474/6) with
the remainder returning directly to the mill feed chute (ZA-0282).
The hydro-cyclone operation will be governed by maintaining an 80kPa feed pressure monitored
and controlled by (PIT-0296) within a certain range by taking hydro-cyclones on/off-line to suit. The
selection of hydro-cyclones may also be put on a duty cycle for selection of units on and off-line
ensuring wear-life of the units is relatively even. The operator will select 14 duty cyclones after
which the remaining 2 cyclones will automatically be selected as standby units.
The pressure transmitter (PIT-0296) will regulate the cyclone pressure by opening and closing the
associated shut-off valve to each cyclone. The opening and closing of the cyclone feed valves will
be done alphabetically
2.8 C8396-PID-0224
Two submersible spillage pumps (PP-0354/6), pumps water and fine slurry spillage out of the
secondary mill discharge sump (TK-0344). The bunds are designed enabling a FEL or bobcat to
remove the dewatered oversized material.
The spillage pumps in the milling area will sound a siren if the level reaches the high limit. These
pumps will not start automatically but will require a control room start. The pump will however stop
automatically once a low level has been detected.
2.9 C8396-PID-0231
2.10 C8396-PID-0232
2.11 C8396-PID-0233
2.12 C8396-PID-0241
Primary Sag Mill scats is discharged onto the pebble recycle conveyor (CV-0180) which is
discharged either directly back to the mill feed conveyor (CV-0112); passes through a pebble cone
crusher (CR-0194) to the mill feed conveyor or into a scats bunker (BN-0138). A magnet (EM-
0184) with a magnet belt is installed for removal of tramp material to protect the pebble crusher, as
well as a metal detector (ZM-0186) for final protection. A weightometer (WT-0202) is installed and
will only be used for accounting purposes and will not perform any control function. Additionally the
conveyor belt is equipped with a speed switch, safety pull-cords, audible siren, and belt alignment
limit switches. A blocked chute detection level switch at the belt’s head chute stops the belt when
activated. The pebble recycle conveyor will be variable speed, but will not be used for control
purposes – speed input will be manually done by the operator.
Pebble crusher (CR-0194) is fed from the pebble recycle conveyor (CV-0180) when route selected.
2.13 C8396-PID-0251
2.14 C8396-PID-0261
The supply of spray water to the scalping screen is measured via a flow meter (FT-0466A) and
controlled to the desired flow rate by the action of a flow control valve (FV-0466A). The actual
flowrate of the spray water is then exported and used to calculate the additional process water to
be added delivering the required feed density to the gravity concentrator.
Table 18: Gravity Scalping Screen No 1 Spray Water Flow Control (FT-0466A)
Description Item Number Limits
Spray Water
Set Point Flow rate FT-0466A 20 m3/hr
(m3/hr)
Spray Water
Controlled
Flow rate FT-0466A 0-100m3/hr
Variable
(m3/hr)
Spray Water
Manipulated Control
FY-0466A 0 – 100%
Variable Valve
Opening
Action Table
Description Condition Action
Water Addition
FT-0466A >SP Decrease Valve Opening FV-0466A
Rate Above SP
Water Addition
FT-0466A <SP Increase Valve Opening FV-0466A
Rate Below SP
Process water addition to the Gravity Scalping Screen No 1 Feed Box (ZA-0464) is calculated
based on the feed density required by Gravity Concentrator No1 (GS-0474). The water addition is
measured by a flow meter (FT-0466B) and controlled to the required set point by a control valve
(FV-0466B).
Split to Gravity
Input E 30%
Screen
Gravity
Concentrator Input F 60%
%Sw/w
Spray Water
Measured G FT-0466A
Addition (m3/hr)
Process Water
Calculated H Calculated
Addition
H= ABDE ([ 1−F
F )−(
BC −C )]
C−B
−G
Table 20: Gravity Scalping Screen No1 Dilution Water Control (FT-0466B)
Description Item Number Limits
Process
Set Point Water Flow FT-0466B Calculate “H” Value
rate (m3/min)
Process
Controlled
Water Flow FT-0466B 0-100m3/min
Variable
rate (m3/min)
Process
Water
Manipulated
Control FY-0466B 0 – 100%
Variable
Valve
Opening
Action Table
Description Condition Action
Water Addition
FT-0466B >SP Decrease Valve Opening FV-0466B
Rate Above SP
Water Addition
FT-0466B <SP Increase Valve Opening FV-0466B
Rate Below SP
The Gravity Concentrator No1 (GS-0474) is fed with a controlled portion of the Cyclone Cluster
(CL-0296) underflow, after passing the scalping screen as outlined above. The unit will be
operated as a batch concentrate process and relies on the principle of centrifugal forces separating
the heavy phase from the light phase by means of a rotating fluidized bowl. The heavy phase
(containing the gold) is then discharged from the gravity concentrator as a concentrate and fed by
gravity to an ILR unit (RE-0498) for further processing. The tailings from the gravity concentrator is
continually discharged into the secondary mill feed hopper (ZA-0282) by means of a gravity
pipeline. The gravity concentrator feed can also be by-passed to the secondary mill feed hopper,
using the same gravity pipeline as the tailings during concentrate discharge, enabling the scalping
screen to operate continuously and ensuring a quick switch-over back to feed resulting in
increased concentrator utilisation.
A detailed description of the controls during each step is given in the vendor control and operating
philosophy. Refer to Appendix XX.
The following control descriptions are only for control functions at the DRA-Knelson interface with
most of the DRA-Knelson interfaces being interlocks:
1) Rest State:
The gravity concentrator is in the “rest state” if not operational. The feed to the gravity
concentrator is by-passed and fed to the secondary mill feed hopper. The feed will however be
stopped if a time-out period has lapsed (DRA scope). This mode will be active up to the point
where the operator selects to start the concentrator.
The operator initiates the concentrator to start. The fluidization water valve is opened and
controlled to the operator pre-selected fluidization flowrate. The fluidizing water supplied to the
concentrator is measured via a flow meter (FT-0474) and controlled to the desired flow rate by the
action of a flow control valve (FV-0474). This control loop falls within the vendor’s scope. The
action table below shows the control of auxiliary valves around the gravity concentrator and fall
within DRA’s scope.
During this step the fluidizing water feed pressure is monitored. If a positive pressure is achieved
and maintained for 30 seconds, the fluidizing water flowrate is automatically increased to
“concentration flowrate”. Also this control loop falls within the vendor scope, and is controlled by
the concentrator ICS. If the required flowrate is achieved, the concentrator automatically enters
concentration cycle.
3) Concentrating Cycle:
During this step, the feed valve to the concentrator is opened and the bypass valve is closed
enabling material flow to enter the concentrator. The concentrating cycle is continued to run for
45min. The concentrator ICS controls the fluidizing water flowrate to the pre-entered value. The
action table below shows the control of auxiliary valves around the gravity concentrator and fall
within DRA’s scope.
If the concentrating cycle time is complete, the “feed off delay” mode is automatically entered, and
the feed to the concentrator is bypassed. The fluidizing water flowrate automatically returns to the
“intermediate flowrate SP” (as entered by the operator in the “fluidizing water added step”). Once
again, the fluidizing water flowrate is measured via a flow meter (FT-0474) and controlled to the
desired flow rate by the action of a flow control valve (FV-0474). As per above – this control loop
falls within the vendor scope and is controlled with the concentrator ICS.
If the intermediate flowrate is achieved, the concentrator motor turns off and the fluidizing water is
reduced proportionally to the point where the motor has come to a complete stop. When the motor
has come to a complete stop, the fluidizing water should be completely closed. The machines
rotational speed (RPM) is monitored throughout the cycle and provides a means of ramping down
the water flow with the decreasing rotational speed when the motor is turned off. Precise control of
water flow when the motor is turned off is required to prevent:
loss of concentrate in the rings of the inner cone to the tailings launder;
migration of concentrate through the fluidization hole; and
build-up of concentrate in the water jacket.
The “concentrating cone drain time mode” is automatically entered once the fluidizing valve is
closed.
During this step the heavy phase is washed from the concentrator bowl to the ILR unit. The
process water valve is opened assisting with the washing of the heavy phase to the ILR unit. This
step can be repeated if required. After the completion of this step, the cycle repeats itself by
entering the “fluidizing water addition mode”.
The action table below shows the control of auxiliary valves around the gravity concentrator and
fall within DRA’s scope:
Step 3 – Concentration
By-pass Valve Open XV-0466B
Cycle = “Deactivated”
The supply of spray water to the scalping screen is measured via a flow meter (FT-1502A) and
controlled to the desired flow rate by the action of a flow control valve (FV-1502A). The actual
flowrate of the spray water is then exported and used to calculate the additional process water to
be added delivering the required feed density to the gravity concentrator.
Table 24: Gravity Scalping Screen No 2 Spray Water Flow Control (FT-1502A)
Description Item Number Limits
Spray Water
Set Point Flow rate FT-1502A 20 m3/hr
(m3/hr)
Spray Water
Controlled
Flow rate FT-1502A 0-100m3/hr
Variable
(m3/hr)
Spray Water
Manipulated Control
FY-1502A 0 – 100%
Variable Valve
Opening
Action Table
Description Condition Action
Water Addition
FT-1502A >SP Decrease Valve Opening FV-1502A
Rate Above SP
Water Addition
FT-1502A <SP Increase Valve Opening FV-1502A
Rate Below SP
Process water addition to the Gravity Scalping Screen No 2 Feed Box (ZA-1500) is calculated
based on the feed density required by Gravity Concentrator No 2 (GS-0476). The water addition is
measured by a flow meter (FT-1502B) and controlled to the required set point by a control valve
(FV-1502B).
Split to Gravity
Input E 30%
Screen
Gravity
Concentrator Input F 60%
%Sw/w
Spray Water
Measured G FT-1502A
Addition (m3/hr)
Process Water
Calculated H Calculated
Addition
H= ABDE
[( ) (
1−F
F
−
C−B
BC−C
−G )]
Table 26: Gravity Scalping Screen No 2 Dilution Water Control (FT-1502B)
Description Item Number Limits
Process
Set Point Water Flow FT-1502B Calculate “H” Value
rate (m3/min)
Process
Controlled
Water Flow FT-1502B 0-100m3/min
Variable
rate (m3/min)
Process
Water
Manipulated
Control FY-1502B 0 – 100%
Variable
Valve
Opening
Action Table
Description Condition Action
Water Addition
FT-1502B >SP Decrease Valve Opening FV-1502B
Rate Above SP
Water Addition
FT-1502B <SP Increase Valve Opening FV-1502B
Rate Below SP
The Gravity Concentrator No 2 (GS-0476) is fed with a controlled portion of the Cyclone Cluster
(CL-0296) underflow, after passing the scalping screen as outlined above. The unit will be
operated as a batch concentrate process and relies on the principle of centrifugal forces separating
the heavy phase from the light phase by means of a rotating fluidized bowl. The heavy phase
(containing the gold) is then discharged from the gravity concentrator as a concentrate and fed by
gravity to an ILR unit (RE-0498) for further processing. The tailings from the gravity concentrator is
continually discharged into the secondary mill feed hopper (ZA-0282) by means of a gravity
pipeline. The gravity concentrator feed will also be by-passed to the secondary mill feed hopper,
using the same gravity pipeline as the tailings during concentrate discharge, enabling the scalping
screen to operate continuously and ensuring a quick switch-over back to feed resulting in
increased concentrator utilisation.
A detailed description of the controls during each step is given in the vendor control and operating
philosophy. Refer to Appendix XX.
The following control descriptions are only for control functions at the DRA-Knelson interface with
most of the DRA-Knelson interfaces being interlocks.
1) Rest State:
The gravity concentrator is in the “rest state” if not operational. The feed to the gravity
concentrator is by-passed and fed to the secondary mill feed hopper. The feed will however be
stopped if a time-out period has lapsed (DRA scope). This mode will be active up to the point
where the operator selects to start the concentrator.
The operator initiates the concentrator to start. The fluidization water valve is opened and
controlled to the operator pre-selected fluidization flowrate. The fluidizing water supplied to the
concentrator is measured via a flow meter (FT-0476) and controlled to the desired flow rate by the
action of a flow control valve (FV-0476). This control loop falls within the vendor’s scope. The
action table below shows the control of auxiliary valves around the gravity concentrator and fall
within DRA’s scope.
During this step the fluidizing water feed pressure is monitored. If a positive pressure is achieved
and maintained for 30 seconds, the fluidizing water flowrate is automatically increased to
“concentration flowrate”. Also this control loop falls within the vendor scope, and is controlled by
the concentrator ICS. If the required flowrate is achieved, the concentrator automatically enters
concentration cycle.
3) Concentrating Cycle:
During this step, the feed valve to the concentrator is opened and the bypass valve is closed
enabling material flow to enter the concentrator. The concentrating cycle is continued to run for
45min. The concentrator ICS controls the fluidizing water flowrate to the pre-entered value. The
action table below shows the control of auxiliary valves around the gravity concentrator and fall
within DRA’s scope.
If the concentrating cycle time is complete, the “feed off delay” mode is automatically entered, and
the feed to the concentrator is bypassed. The fluidizing water flowrate automatically returns to the
“intermediate flowrate SP” (as entered by the operator in the “fluidizing water added step”). Once
again, the fluidizing water flowrate is measured via a flow meter (FT-0476) and controlled to the
desired flow rate by the action of a flow control valve (FV-0476). As per above – this control loop
falls within the vendor scope and is controlled with the concentrator ICS.
If the intermediate flowrate is achieved, the concentrator motor turns off and the fluidizing water is
reduced proportionally to the point where the motor has come to a complete stop. When the motor
has come to a complete stop, the fluidizing water should be completely closed. The machines
rotational speed (RPM) is monitored throughout the cycle and provides a means of ramping down
the water flow with the decreasing rotational speed when the motor is turned off. Precise control of
water flow when the motor is turned off is required to prevent:
loss of concentrate in the rings of the inner cone to the tailings launder;
migration of concentrate through the fluidization hole; and
build-up of concentrate in the water jacket.
The “concentrating cone drain time mode” is automatically entered once the fluidizing valve is
closed.
During this step the heavy phase is washed from the concentrator bowl to the ILR unit. The
process water valve is opened assisting with the washing of the heavy phase to the ILR unit. This
step can be repeated if required. After the completion of this step, the cycle repeats itself by
entering the “fluidizing water addition mode”.
The action table below shows the control of auxiliary valves around the gravity concentrator and
fall within DRA’s scope:
Step 3 – Concentration
By-pass Valve Open XV-1502B
Cycle = “Deactivated”
3 APPENDIX