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Photo by Michael Dziedzic on Unsplash

 PYR MID

Photo by anthony mcgee on Unsplash

What is a PYRAMID?
• A pyramid is a polyhedron of which one face is a
polygon and the other faces are triangles which
have a common vertex
What are the PARTS of a pyramid?
• The base of a pyramid is a polygon.
• The lateral faces of a pyramid are triangles.
• The slant edges of a pyramid are the segments where the
adjacent lateral faces intersect.
• The slant height of a pyramid is the height of a lateral face.
• The base edge of a pyramid is the segment where the lateral
face and base intersect.
• The vertex is the common point of all lateral faces.
• The altitude of a pyramid is the perpendicular distance
between the vertex and the base.
What are the PARTS of a pyramid?
vertex/apex
lateral face
slant edge
altitude
slant height
base

base edge
 PROPERTIES OF A PYRAMID
• The triangular faces are called the lateral
faces.
• The altitude of the pyramid is the length of the
perpendicular dropped from the vertex to the
plane of the base
 PROPERTIES OF A PYRAMID
• If a pyramid is cut by a plane parallel to the
base, the lateral edges and the altitude are
divided proportionally; the section is a polygon
similar to the base; and the areas of the two
such section sections are to each other as the
squares of their distances from the vertex.
 PROPERTIES OF A PYRAMID
• Pyramids are named according to their base.

Triangular pyramid Square pyramid Hexagonal pyramid

LATERAL AREA OF A PYRAMID

The lateral area of a pyramid is equal to the

sum of the areas of the lateral faces of the
pyramid.
SURFACE AREA OF A PYRAMID

The surface area of a pyramid is equal to the

sum of the lateral area of the pyramid and the
area of the base.
VOLUME OF A PYRAMID

The volume of a pyramid is equal to one-third

the product of the area of the base and the
altitude.
 EXAMPLE
• Find the altitude, slant height, lateral area, surface area,
and volume of a pyramid whose faces are all equilateral
triangles with a side measure of 8 centimeters.
GIVEN: s = 8 cm
UNKNOWN: altitude (h), slant height (l), lateral area (LA),
surface area (SA), volume (V)
 EXAMPLE
• Find the altitude, slant height, lateral area, surface area,
and volume of a pyramid whose faces are all equilateral
triangles with a side measure of 8 centimeters.
ILLUSTRATION:

8c
m

m
8c

8 cm

8 cm
8c
m
 EXAMPLE
• Find the altitude, slant height, lateral area, surface area,
and volume of a pyramid whose faces are all equilateral
triangles with a side measure of 8 centimeters.
FORMULAS:

LA = sum of all lateral faces

SA = B + LA
V = 1/3 Bh
EXAMPLE
• Solve first the slant height. Since all faces are equilateral
triangles, then the slant height can be derived using the
Pythagorean theorem.
EXAMPLE
• Next is to solve the height of the pyramid. However, one
element is still missing. The apothem, slant height, and the
altitude are connected to each other. We can readily solve the
apothem and then derive the altitude later on.
EXAMPLE
• To solve the lateral area and surface area, we can solve it using
the formula for the area of a triangle since the slant height is
already solved or we can use the Heron’s formula.
EXAMPLE
• Finally, to solve the volume of the pyramid, multiply the area of
the base and the altitude and multiply the product by 1/3.
 EXAMPLE
• The volume of the pyramid whose altitude is 20 cm is
6480 cm3. If the length of one diagonal of its rhombic
base is 18 cm, what is the length of the other?
GIVEN: h=20 cm, V = 6480 cm3, d1 = 18 cm
UNKNOWN: length of the other diagonal in the base
ILLUSTRATION:
 EXAMPLE
• The volume of the pyramid whose altitude is 20 cm is
6480 cm3. If the length of one diagonal of its rhombic
base is 18 cm, what is the length of the other?
FORMULAS: V = 1/3 Bh
B = ½ d1d2
EXAMPLE
• Derive first the area of the base using the formula for the
volume.
EXAMPLE
• Derive the diagonal using the formula for the area of a
rhombus.
 REGULAR PYRAMID V
• A regular pyramid is a
special type of pyramid
whose base is a regular
polygon and whose altitude
passes through the center of D C
the base.
E
A B
 PROPERTIES OF A REGULAR PYRAMID
• The lateral edges are equal.
• The lateral faces of a regular pyramid are congruent
isosceles triangles.
• The altitudes of the lateral faces are equal.
• The slant height of a regular pyramid is the altitude of a
lateral face.
 PROPERTIES OF A REGULAR PYRAMID
• The altitude is equal to the length of the perpendicular
dropped from the vertex to the center of the base.
• If a regular pyramid is cut by a plane parallel to its base,
the pyramid cut off is regular pyramid.
LATERAL AREA OF A REGULAR PYRAMID

The lateral area of a regular pyramid is equal

to one-half the product of the slant height and
the perimeter of the base

*For the surface area and volume, we use the

same formula as stated in the previous slides.
 EXAMPLE
• Find the lateral area and volume of a regular square
pyramid whose slant height is 10 cm and whose base
edge is 12 cm.
 EXAMPLE
• Find the lateral area and volume of a regular square
pyramid whose slant height is 10 cm and whose base
edge is 12 cm.
 EXAMPLE
• Find the lateral area, surface area, and volume of a
regular octagonal pyramid whose base edge is 8.5 ft
and whose slant height is 12.3 ft.
 EXAMPLE
• Find the lateral area, surface area, and volume of a
regular octagonal pyramid whose base edge is 8.5 ft
and whose slant height is 12.3 ft.
 EXAMPLE

The Pyramid of Cheops is a pyramid

with a square base with a side of 0.233
km and a height of 0.1466 km. It was
made from limestone with a density of
1.7 g/cm3. Calculate the amount of
stone in tons. How many trains with 50
thirty-tons wagons carry the stone? 1
ton = 907.185 kg
 EXAMPLE
The Pyramid of Cheops is a pyramid with a square base with a side of 0.233 km and a height
of 0.1466 km. It was made from limestone with a density of 1.7 g/cm3. Calculate the amount
of stone in tons. How many trains with 50 thirty-tons wagons carry the stone? 1 ton =
907.185 kg
ACTIVITY: Solve for the LA, SA, and V of the following
pyramids