Refer e n c in g
getting started with
APA 7
Getting started with APA referencing.
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This Webinar
• Why reference
• Quick quiz
• Citing and referencing:
• In your writing
• In your reference list
• Have a go
Referencing - Why?
Why is referencing important?
Please write your answers in Chat
4
Referencing - Why?
By letting readers trace your sources, referencing:
• Distinguishes your ideas from other people’s
• Shows off the good sources used as evidence to
support your arguments
• Shows off your expertise in searching and subject
knowledge
• Establishes your argument's position in theory and
scholarship (why you think what you think!)
• Avoids plagiarism
5
APA 7 referencing.
• Most Sheffield Hallam University courses use
APA referencing. This referencing style is
widely used in the UK and worldwide.
• Some courses use different referencing
systems.
• Please follow the guidance you are given in
your module documents or by your tutor.
6
Quick fire quiz 1: True or false?
I can copy
pictures, diagrams
and photographs
without referencing
them.
Fig. 1. 1918 illustration of a mimeograph machine. (Mimeograph, 2022, s.1).
Public Domain.
Mimeograph. (2022, July 18). In Wikipedia. [Link] 7
Quick fire quiz 2: True or false?
If I summarise
other people's
ideas, I still need
to reference them.
Fig.2. Bookwheel, from Agostino Ramelli's Le diverse
Bookwheel. (2022, July 2021). In et artificiose machine, 1588. (Bookwheel, 2022, intro.).
Wikipedia. [Link] Public Domain. 8
Quick fire quiz 3: True or false?
Some information is
'common knowledge', so it
doesn't need to be
referenced.
Fig. 3. Caricature of Gustave Eiffel comparing the Eiffel
tower to the Pyramids, published in Le Temps, February 14, Eiffel Tower. (2022, June 24). In Wikipedia. 9
1887.(Eiffel Tower, 2022, s.1). Public Domain. [Link]
Quick fire quiz 4: True or false?
If I mention someone
once I can use their ideas
later without having to
name them again.
Fig 4. Tiles inside the Jame Mosque of Yazd, Persia, with geometric
Islamic geometric patterns. (2022, July 26). In Wikipedia.
and vegetal patterns by Albers, E. [Dreirik]. 2015. (Islamic geometric 10
[Link]
patterns, 2022, s.1). Creative Commons CC0.
Referencing - When?
When you quote, paraphrase or summarise
someone's work.
Cite and reference all your sources, regardless
of format:
• books, articles, webpages
• text, data, diagrams, and images.
11
Two parts to referencing:
1. Citations 2. Reference list
12
Two parts to referencing:
1. Citations 2. Reference list
Highlights that the ideas Lists the sources (books,
and information in your journals, webpages etc.)
work which came from used in your work, in a
someone else. clear, consistent way, so
that others can find them.
13
What are citations?
• Citing is when you refer to
someone else's work or
ideas in your work.
• They provide information
for the reader to locate
the source in your Year of
Author(s)
reference list. publication
• Citations include the
author's name and the
year of publication.
14
How to include citations in your work.
(Author, Year) - where the author and date are in brackets
at the end of the sentence, e.g.
The alternative food movement has spurred demand for healthier and
local food (Naccarato & LeBesco, 2018).
Early June is considered by some entomologists to be ‘peak beetle’ season
in the UK (The Wildlife Trust, 2021).
There is growing interest in understanding how children respond
to illustrations in picture books (Evans, 2009; Pantaleo, 2018; Wong et al.,
2021). 15
How to include citations in your work.
Author (Year) - where the author's name is
used within the text of the sentence, e.g.
Fairs (2021, p. 87) argues that the global push to reduce atmospheric carbon is
being compromised by "confusing terminology and misleading claims".
Krane and Waldron (2020) demonstrate the importance of integrating cultural
sport psychology into certification requirements.
Hoffmann et al. (2017) assert that involving patients in decision making is an
essential part of evidence-based practice.
16
Journal article extract.
Promoting entrepreneurship is one of the best ways for a nation
to improve its economy and attract foreign investments that can
earn huge rewards in the future (Shane & Venkataraman, 2000).
The number of start-ups in India has become bigger over the past
few years and has contributed greatly towards the country’s
growth (Dinesh & Sushil, 2019).
Sengupta, S., Sharma, S., & Singh, A. (2021). Authentic Leadership Fostering Creativity in Start-ups: Mediating
Role of Work Engagement and Employee Task Proactivity. Business Perspectives & Research, 9(2), 235–251.
[Link]
17
Journal article extract.
Promoting entrepreneurship is one of the best ways for a nation
to improve its economy and attract foreign investments that can
earn huge rewards in the future (Shane & Venkataraman, 2000).
The number of start-ups in India has become bigger over the past
few years and has contributed greatly towards the country’s
growth (Dinesh & Sushil, 2019).
Sengupta, S., Sharma, S., & Singh, A. (2021). Authentic Leadership Fostering Creativity in Start-ups: Mediating
Role of Work Engagement and Employee Task Proactivity. Business Perspectives & Research, 9(2), 235–251.
[Link]
18
Reference list.
Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of
leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 315–338. [Link]
Blank, S., & Dorf, B. (2020). The startup owner’s manual: The step-by-step guide for building a great company. Wiley.
Dinesh, K. K., & Sushil. (2019). Strategic innovation factors in startups: Results of a cross-case analysis of Indian
startups. Journal for Global Business Advancement,
12(3), 449–470. [Link]
Kelsall, H. (2018). The creative’s guide to starting a business. Robinson.
Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of
Management Review, 25(1), 217–226. [Link]
Zaech, S., & Baldegger, U. (2017). Leadership in start-ups. International Small Business Journal,
35(2), 157–177. [Link]
19
Reference list.
Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of
leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 315–338. [Link]
Blank, S., & Dorf, B. (2020). The startup owner’s manual: The step-by-step guide for building a great company. Wiley.
Dinesh, K. K., & Sushil. (2019). Strategic innovation factors in startups: Results of a cross-case analysis of Indian
startups. Journal for Global Business Advancement,
12(3), 449–470. [Link]
Kelsall, H. (2018). The creative’s guide to starting a business. Robinson.
Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of
Management Review, 25(1), 217–226. [Link]
Zaech, S., & Baldegger, U. (2017). Leadership in start-ups. International Small Business Journal,
35(2), 157–177. [Link]
20
Anatomy of a reference.
Who When What Where
Author or Date of e.g. publisher,
Creator
publication The title volume, page
numbers, URL
or release
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Books.
• Title page near the
start of the book.
• Back of the title
page often has the
date and place of
publication.
22
Books.
• Title page near the
start of the book.
• Back of the title
page often has the
date and place of
publication.
23
Example reference for a book
Print:
Blommaert, J., & Dong, J. (2020). Ethnographic fieldwork : a
beginner’s guide (2nd ed.). Multilingual Matters.
eBook:
Blommaert, J., & Dong, J. (2020). Ethnographic fieldwork : a
beginner’s guide (2nd ed.). Multilingual Matters.
[Link]
24
Journal articles.
Information can
be found at the top
and bottom of first
page of the article.
25
Journal articles.
Information can
be found at the top
and bottom of first
page of the article.
26
Example reference for a journal article.
Bhopal, K., & Rhamie, J. (2014). Initial
teacher training: understanding 'race',
diversity and inclusion. Race, Ethnicity and
Education. 17(3), 304–325.
[Link]
20
27
Webpages.
• If you cite multiple webpages from a single website,
create a reference for each webpage.
• Include the month and day for publication date if
available.
o If the webpage does not have a date, use (n.d.) for the
publication date- for ‘no date’- and provide a retrieval
date, e.g. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
o This is important as some website content changes over time.
• Sometimes the date of a webpage is right at the bottom
of the page.
28
Example reference for a webpage.
Royal Institute of British Architects. (2019, August 29). Design
essentials for an energy-efficient building. Key considerations for a
low carbon
design. [Link]
owledge-landing-page/design-essentials-for-an-energy-efficient-bu
ilding
Information Commissioner's Office. (n.d.). Domestic CCTV
systems- guidance for people being filmed. Retrieved August 6,
2021
from [Link]
uidance-for-people-being-filmed/
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Where can I get more help?
Support for APA 7
Your turn!
• Have a go at creating some references.
• The next slides contain all the information you
need to write a reference for:
• A book
• A journal article
• A webpage
• Use our guide to help you
32
Write a reference for this book
Details from Library Search:
Title Doing your research project: A guide
for first-time researchers
Authors Judith Bell
Stephen Waters
Creation date 2018
Edition Seventh edition
Publisher London: Open University Press
Write a reference for this journal article
Journal details
Article title Thinking critically about and
researching algorithms
Author Rob Kitchin
Journal Information, Communication &
society
Published 2017
Volume/Issue/Pages Volume 20, Issue 1, Pages 14-29
DOI 10.1080/1369118X.2016.1154087
Write a reference for this webpage
Webpage details
Website Sheffield Museums
name/Page creator
Page title A New Era for Sheffield's
Museums
Date created or 2 April 2021
updated
URL [Link]
[Link]/blog/2021/4/a-new-era-f
or-sheffields-museums
Answers
Print book
Bell, J., & Waters, S. (2018). Doing your research project : a guide for first-time
researchers (8th ed.). Open University Press.
Journal article
Kitchin, R. (2017). Thinking critically about and researching algorithms. Information,
Communication & Society. 20(1), 14–29.
[Link]
Webpage
Sheffield Museums. (2021, April 02). A new era for Sheffield’s museums.
[Link]
36
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